There's a very good book on this subject, titled "Did Man Create God?" by David E. Comings, M.D.

I've read it recently and it's a great book, though with a lot of typos.

I believe the answer is yes, man did create God.

Then who did created man?

there is no such thing that created in this world all of a sudden, right?

Why does there have to ba a "who" that created man?

I don't know. that question was the only that crossed my mind.
okay then, i'll change my question

WHAT was created man?

Nothing and nothing is nothing In order for there to be any living thing there had to be a life force that has always existed A great Master Planner I feel it sometimes hard to comprehend that anyone could think otherwise If you put bricks cement glass and nails into a cement mixer would you expect it to spit out a house?This planet and all that exists on it has been mathematicaly designed to support life If the sun was closer we would burn to death the moon closer a world wide flood.No my friend there is A God and he created us "seek and you shall find"

Father created us! Jesus is also one of us! If jesus is gods son, why are not we? If we are gods son, why does our father want worshipping from us? He should feed us ,instead! But he doesn't. Then what kind of father is he?

What good are you to God if you cannot feed yourself off the bounty of this world He has given you?

Do you think God owes you something because He has created you? You propose NOTHING in the sight of God. He has created this whole universe and more. He holds the magnificence of INFINITY in His hand...and you expect Him to SERVE you?

I am staggered by your arrogance. I will pray for you sir.

Dawn

Ok then you tell me why he has created us

I know my own purpose in life, up to this point, but I cannot tell you yours. God's purpose is different for every thing and every one. He makes us all individuals and we must all choose our own paths. There is no 'collective' reason in God's creation.

When you look at the world, what do you see?

Dawn

Ok tell me your purpose of life. And when i look at the world i can see different things. But all involving human. Some are begging, some are giving, some are doing religionstic stuffs some are doing sins. What can YOU see?
There is no collective reason in gods creation=>it is not logical that god has created us.
If i say,
men have created god to establish and maintain peace in humanity.=>it seems logical.
Then dont it turn out that men have created god?

My purpose in life is to seek understanding while being the best soul I can be.
I see a world filled with people trying to understand their own purpose.

who said creation was logical? who said God was logical?
You are correct, it is illogical to think that God created anything, least of all mankind and certainly not everything

If your path is tending toward logic, you will not find anything important like God. Sorry. The princes of logical thinking are not usually spiritual men (or women).

Men didn't create God but they do struggle to understand and define Him. In that struggle, they created things that are NOT God. They allowed human thoughts and feelings to dictate their idea of God. The worst thing they did was allow anger and hatred to become part of their concept of God.
You want to know what God is and you want proof of Him.
If you cannot see the proof before you then I cannot tell you HOW to see it.
Usually, proving a negative is impossible, but, when it comes to God, it is far easier to prove that He is NOT than it is to prove He IS...(scholars quote the bible but the bible doesn't mean anything to a person with no faith, does it) yet...

He IS

Dawn

Why do you see god as a male? If you see your own body do you not see both male and female charachters and if so there is both natures in all of us. Remember we all come from a mother as well as a father and to stress that god is only male only gives a limited understanding.

She gives us milk and honey.
She is both cow and honey bee.
Look at the beauty of a flower
Is it not both male and female?

When you eat fruit of the tree do you partake that which contains the seeds of life?.Give her the credit she deserves.She is the mother of us all.

It's because in the bible we called the god with name "father". the reason is our god always protect us like a father and give us everything for living like father too. god never educate and protect us like a mother. god always let us to find our way freely. god never give a birth to us like a mother, but god created us all with his power like a father.

but once again, if you see god as mother, it is not wrong. god have 2 side, a man and a woman. why we dont called god with name "mother"? it is because i see it from the man side, not woman side.

it is true that we born from mother, not father. but dont forget, a mother can't give a birth if there is no father.

we saw god from a different angle, you saw from the woman side, i saw from the man side. we will never find the answer unless we accept that god can be anything. it can be a father, or it can be a mother

Because as u claim there will be no one to create God.

Jesus Christ is God. He is one of the members of the holy trinity.

The idea of a trinity is something added by men. I think it is a logical fallacy. May I ask what is the premise of the trinity?

The idea of a trinity is something added by men. I think it is a logical fallacy. May I ask what is the premise of the trinity?

Many people ask "Why is there something rather than nothing?"

Well, there is only exactly one way for there to be nothing, but there are an infinite number of ways for there to be something, so it's overwhelmingly more likely for something to exist that for nothing to exist.

As for "What created man," it was, to put it as simply as I know how, sex that caused man to come into being, once the necessary substrates were in place, such as stars, planets and life. No one is yet sure just exactly how those came to be, but work is constantly being done to find out.

I am God. I always was, and I always will be.

For all those who claim that nobody called Jesus , "God" , in the Bible I offer the following compilation of quotes directly from Holy
Scripture:

1. Upon seeing the risen Christ, the doubting apostle Thomas exclaimed: "My Lord and my God!" (John 20:28)

2. "Looking for the blessed hope and coming of the glory of the great God and Our Savior, Jesus Christ." (Titus 2:13)

Saint Paul is referring here to the second coming of Christ in "glory," in contradistinction to His first coming in humility and meekness.
The "great God" and "our Savior" are both predicated to the same Person, Jesus Christ.

3. "And we know that the Son of God is come: and he hath given understanding that we may know the true God, and may be in his true
Son. This is the true God and life eternal." (1 John 5:20)

Saint John's two epistles and the introduction of the first chapter of his gospel (the last of his writings chronologically) were written to
refute the incredulous gnostics who, thinking to honor Christ as a mere man, they dissolved Him of His divinity, thus meriting for
themselves this severe condemnation from the beloved apostle: "And every spirit that dissolveth Jesus is not of God: and this is
Antichrist ..." (1 John 4:3)

In chapter five of his epistle given above Saint John makes use of the demonstrative pronoun "this" in reference to its antecedent "true
Son." God and "life eternal" are interchangeable. Thus we find at the start of the same letter the concept "life eternal" supposited for Son
of God: "We declare unto you the life eternal which was with the Father, and hath appeared to us" (1 John 1:2)

Jesus = Son of God = life eternal = true God

4. "From whom is Christ according to the flesh, who is over all things God blessed forever." (Romans 9:5)

5. "In this we have known the charity of God, because He hath laid down his life for us ..." (1 John 3:16)

It is Christ then, Who is "over all," and Christ Who is "God blessed forever." Whose love was made known by Our Lord's sacrificial
death? God's love, says Saint John. Therefore God laid down His life for us. God was hung upon the cross at Calvary. Could the two
apostles have made themselves more clear?

6. "Behold a virgin shall be with child, and bring forth a son, and they shall call his name Emmanuel, which being interpreted is, 'God with
us.' (Matt. 1:23 & Isa. 7:14)

7. "Say to the fainthearted: Take courage ... God himself will come and will save you." (Isaias 35:4)

8. "For a child is born to us and a son is given to us ... and his name shall be called Wonderful, Counselor, God the Mighty, the Father of
the world to come, Prince of Peace." (Isaias 9:6)



The Claims Of Jesus

I often hear the claim of non -Christians that Jesus never claimed to be the Messias. Let us see what Holy Scripture actually says.

Our Lord claimed to be God, the judge of all men: " When the Son of man comes in his glory, and all the Angels with him, he will sit down
upon the throne of his glory and all nations shall be gathered into his presence.... ( Matt. 12:8 )

Jesus claimed to be all-powerful, a Divine person, equal to the Father in power, and to be in fact, God the son:

" All power is given to me in heaven and in earth" (Matt.28:18). " All things are delivered to me by the Father; and no one knoweth who
the Son is, but the Father; and who the Father is, but the Son, and to whom the Son will reveal him." ( Luke 10:22)

On the occasion of His trial before the High Priest, Jesus was asked: " Art thou the Christ, the son of the blessed God? Jesus said to
him I am." The priest understood this as blasphemy: "He has blasphemed." (Mark 14:61-64; Matt. 26:63-66) What was the blasphemy if
not that Jesus claimed to be the true Son of God? In John chapter 8 verse 58 Our Lord makes a similar claim when He says : " Before
Abraham was made I am." We also read from Saint John:

" For as the Father raiseth up the dead, and giveth life: so the Son also giveth life to whomsoever He will." (John 5:22-23). " Now glorify
thou me, O Father, with Thyself.... all my things are thine, and thine are mine." (John 17:5,10).

It is clear too, that the Jews understood Jesus to be claiming to be God:

" But for blasphemy; and because that thou, being a man, makest thyself God." (John 10:33) Before Pilate : " The Jews answered him:
We have a law; and according to the law, he ought to die, because he made himself the Son of God." (John 19:7)

Our Lord also did certain acts which are in themselves an implicit claim to the Divinity. He forgave sins as of His own independent
power: " Son, thy sins are forgiven thee." But the scribes who were present thought to themselves, " Who can forgive sins, but God
only.... " But that you may know that the Son of man hath power on heaven and earth to forgive sins...." (Mark 2:5-12). To Mary
Magdalen: " Thy sins are forgiven." (Luke 8:48).

Christ Performed Real Miracles

He performed actions which the powers of human nature cannot perform, actions which make an exception to all the laws of Creation.
He performed such actions often; He performed them in the full light of day, in the streets, in public places, in the presence of His
friends, before immense crowds, under the scrutinizing gaze of His enemies. His contemporaries never called these miracles in question;
His enemies attributed them to the influence of evil spirits. They are so intimately connected with the other facts of His life, with His
preaching, passion and death, that they cannot be eliminated without destroying the whole Gospel narrative. Christ worked many
miracles, many of them before hundreds or thousands of witnesses such as the multiplications of the loaves, walking on water, calming
the seas, curing the sick and the resurrection of Lazarus.


Christ Foretold the Future

There are other proofs of the Divinity of Christ, which is summarized for the sake of completeness. another proof is His prophecies. He
showed by them that He had knowledge of the future, which could have been possessed by any mere man. In astonishing detail, He
foretold His Passion, Resurrection and Ascension into Heaven; He foretold His betrayal by Judas, His denial by Peter and His desertion
by all the disciples; He foretold the growth of His Church , its persecution and its triumphs over the powers of Hell. Again, in
extraordinary detail, He described the destruction of Jerusalem and the dispersion of the Jewish people. By His prophecies, therefore,
Jesus Christ proved Himself to be God.

The Crown of All Miracles, His Own Resurrection

As a witness to His divinity, the resurrection has a threefold value: it is not only a miracle, but also the fullfillment of a prophecy, and it
was the preaching of the Gospel of the Resurrection that converted the world to the Religion of Christ.

Fulfillment of a prophecy:

To His disciples Jesus said: " The Son of Man shall be betrayed to the chief priests and scribes, and they shall condemn Him to death,
and shall deliver Him to the Gentiles to be mocked, and scourged, and crucified, and the third day He shall rise again" (Matt. 20: 18-19)

When His enemies demanded proof of His Messianic mission, Jesus answered: " Destroy this temple, and in three days I will raise it up."
But He spoke of the temple of His body. (John 2:19). After His crucifixion His enemies remembered His words and asked Pilate to guard
His sepulcher until the third day, " lest perhaps His disciples come and steal Him away and say to the people: he is risen from the dead"
(Matt 27: 63-64).

The Resurrection of Christ is an Historical Fact.

" Joseph taking the body...... laid it in his own new monument...... and he rolled a great stone to the door of the monument.....And when
the sabbath past, Mary Magdlane, and Mary the mother of James, and Salome brought sweet spices, that coming they might anoint
Jesus. Very early in the morning, the first day of the week, they come to the sepulchre, the sun being now risen.... And looking, they saw
the stone rolled back. For it was very great. And entering into the sepulchre, they saw a young man sitting on the right side, clothed with
a white robe: and they were astonished. Who saith to them: Be not affrighted; you seek Jesus of Nazareth, who was crucified: he is
risen, he is not here" ..... some of the guards reached the city, and told the chief priests of all that befell. These gathered the elders to
take counsel, and offered a rich bribe to the soldiers, " saying: Say you, His disciples came by night, and stole him away when we were
asleep." The soldiers took the bribe, and did as they were instructed: and this is the tale which has gone abroad among Jews, to this
day. (Matt. 27: 59-60; Mark 16:1-6; Matt. 28:13).

Therefore, it cannot be denied that Christ's body was put into the tomb on the Friday night of His death; nor can it be denied that it
was not there on the next Sunday morning. similarly, it cannot be denied that Christ appeared to many after His death: " The Lord is
risen indeed, and hath appeared to Simon.... he other disciples therefore said to him(Thomas) We have seen the Lord" (Luke 24:34;
John 20:25 , etc.).

Saint Paul, writing thirty years later, mentions it as an undoubted fact, know to all and witnessed by numbers of people who were still
alive: " For I delivered unto you first of all, which I also received: How tat Christ according to the Scriptures, died..... was buried, and
then...... rose again on the third day: That He was seen by Cephas (Peter) ; and after that by the eleven, then he was seen by more than
five hundred brethren at once: of whom many remain until this present." (1 Cor. 15:3-6). "He ate and drank and conversed with us,
before our eyes He was taken up to Heaven. Stephan saw Him standing at the right hand of God; in the splendor of celestial glory He
appeared to Saul."

This is the unwavering testimony of the Apostles to the resurrection and the glorified life of Jesus. If their testimony is not true, what
testimony is true? If we doubt the simple, definite, unanimous story of the Evangelists, the blood sealed testimony of the Apostles, can
we believe anything ?

For all those who claim that nobody called Jesus , "God" , in the Bible I offer the following compilation of quotes directly from Holy
Scripture:

1. Upon seeing the risen Christ, the doubting apostle Thomas exclaimed: "My Lord and my God!" (John 20:28)

2. "Looking for the blessed hope and coming of the glory of the great God and Our Savior, Jesus Christ." (Titus 2:13)

Saint Paul is referring here to the second coming of Christ in "glory," in contradistinction to His first coming in humility and meekness.
The "great God" and "our Savior" are both predicated to the same Person, Jesus Christ.

3. "And we know that the Son of God is come: and he hath given understanding that we may know the true God, and may be in his true
Son. This is the true God and life eternal." (1 John 5:20)

Saint John's two epistles and the introduction of the first chapter of his gospel (the last of his writings chronologically) were written to
refute the incredulous gnostics who, thinking to honor Christ as a mere man, they dissolved Him of His divinity, thus meriting for
themselves this severe condemnation from the beloved apostle: "And every spirit that dissolveth Jesus is not of God: and this is
Antichrist ..." (1 John 4:3)

In chapter five of his epistle given above Saint John makes use of the demonstrative pronoun "this" in reference to its antecedent "true
Son." God and "life eternal" are interchangeable. Thus we find at the start of the same letter the concept "life eternal" supposited for Son
of God: "We declare unto you the life eternal which was with the Father, and hath appeared to us" (1 John 1:2)

Jesus = Son of God = life eternal = true God

4. "From whom is Christ according to the flesh, who is over all things God blessed forever." (Romans 9:5)

5. "In this we have known the charity of God, because He hath laid down his life for us ..." (1 John 3:16)

It is Christ then, Who is "over all," and Christ Who is "God blessed forever." Whose love was made known by Our Lord's sacrificial
death? God's love, says Saint John. Therefore God laid down His life for us. God was hung upon the cross at Calvary. Could the two
apostles have made themselves more clear?

6. "Behold a virgin shall be with child, and bring forth a son, and they shall call his name Emmanuel, which being interpreted is, 'God with
us.' (Matt. 1:23 & Isa. 7:14)

7. "Say to the fainthearted: Take courage ... God himself will come and will save you." (Isaias 35:4)

8. "For a child is born to us and a son is given to us ... and his name shall be called Wonderful, Counselor, God the Mighty, the Father of
the world to come, Prince of Peace." (Isaias 9:6)



The Claims Of Jesus

I often hear the claim of non -Christians that Jesus never claimed to be the Messias. Let us see what Holy Scripture actually says.

Our Lord claimed to be God, the judge of all men: " When the Son of man comes in his glory, and all the Angels with him, he will sit down
upon the throne of his glory and all nations shall be gathered into his presence.... ( Matt. 12:8 )

Jesus claimed to be all-powerful, a Divine person, equal to the Father in power, and to be in fact, God the son:

" All power is given to me in heaven and in earth" (Matt.28:18). " All things are delivered to me by the Father; and no one knoweth who
the Son is, but the Father; and who the Father is, but the Son, and to whom the Son will reveal him." ( Luke 10:22)

On the occasion of His trial before the High Priest, Jesus was asked: " Art thou the Christ, the son of the blessed God? Jesus said to
him I am." The priest understood this as blasphemy: "He has blasphemed." (Mark 14:61-64; Matt. 26:63-66) What was the blasphemy if
not that Jesus claimed to be the true Son of God? In John chapter 8 verse 58 Our Lord makes a similar claim when He says : " Before
Abraham was made I am." We also read from Saint John:

" For as the Father raiseth up the dead, and giveth life: so the Son also giveth life to whomsoever He will." (John 5:22-23). " Now glorify
thou me, O Father, with Thyself.... all my things are thine, and thine are mine." (John 17:5,10).

It is clear too, that the Jews understood Jesus to be claiming to be God:

" But for blasphemy; and because that thou, being a man, makest thyself God." (John 10:33) Before Pilate : " The Jews answered him:
We have a law; and according to the law, he ought to die, because he made himself the Son of God." (John 19:7)

Our Lord also did certain acts which are in themselves an implicit claim to the Divinity. He forgave sins as of His own independent
power: " Son, thy sins are forgiven thee." But the scribes who were present thought to themselves, " Who can forgive sins, but God
only.... " But that you may know that the Son of man hath power on heaven and earth to forgive sins...." (Mark 2:5-12). To Mary
Magdalen: " Thy sins are forgiven." (Luke 8:48).

Christ Performed Real Miracles

He performed actions which the powers of human nature cannot perform, actions which make an exception to all the laws of Creation.
He performed such actions often; He performed them in the full light of day, in the streets, in public places, in the presence of His
friends, before immense crowds, under the scrutinizing gaze of His enemies. His contemporaries never called these miracles in question;
His enemies attributed them to the influence of evil spirits. They are so intimately connected with the other facts of His life, with His
preaching, passion and death, that they cannot be eliminated without destroying the whole Gospel narrative. Christ worked many
miracles, many of them before hundreds or thousands of witnesses such as the multiplications of the loaves, walking on water, calming
the seas, curing the sick and the resurrection of Lazarus.


Christ Foretold the Future

There are other proofs of the Divinity of Christ, which is summarized for the sake of completeness. another proof is His prophecies. He
showed by them that He had knowledge of the future, which could have been possessed by any mere man. In astonishing detail, He
foretold His Passion, Resurrection and Ascension into Heaven; He foretold His betrayal by Judas, His denial by Peter and His desertion
by all the disciples; He foretold the growth of His Church , its persecution and its triumphs over the powers of Hell. Again, in
extraordinary detail, He described the destruction of Jerusalem and the dispersion of the Jewish people. By His prophecies, therefore,
Jesus Christ proved Himself to be God.

The Crown of All Miracles, His Own Resurrection

As a witness to His divinity, the resurrection has a threefold value: it is not only a miracle, but also the fullfillment of a prophecy, and it
was the preaching of the Gospel of the Resurrection that converted the world to the Religion of Christ.

Fulfillment of a prophecy:

To His disciples Jesus said: " The Son of Man shall be betrayed to the chief priests and scribes, and they shall condemn Him to death,
and shall deliver Him to the Gentiles to be mocked, and scourged, and crucified, and the third day He shall rise again" (Matt. 20: 18-19)

When His enemies demanded proof of His Messianic mission, Jesus answered: " Destroy this temple, and in three days I will raise it up."
But He spoke of the temple of His body. (John 2:19). After His crucifixion His enemies remembered His words and asked Pilate to guard
His sepulcher until the third day, " lest perhaps His disciples come and steal Him away and say to the people: he is risen from the dead"
(Matt 27: 63-64).

The Resurrection of Christ is an Historical Fact.

" Joseph taking the body...... laid it in his own new monument...... and he rolled a great stone to the door of the monument.....And when
the sabbath past, Mary Magdlane, and Mary the mother of James, and Salome brought sweet spices, that coming they might anoint
Jesus. Very early in the morning, the first day of the week, they come to the sepulchre, the sun being now risen.... And looking, they saw
the stone rolled back. For it was very great. And entering into the sepulchre, they saw a young man sitting on the right side, clothed with
a white robe: and they were astonished. Who saith to them: Be not affrighted; you seek Jesus of Nazareth, who was crucified: he is
risen, he is not here" ..... some of the guards reached the city, and told the chief priests of all that befell. These gathered the elders to
take counsel, and offered a rich bribe to the soldiers, " saying: Say you, His disciples came by night, and stole him away when we were
asleep." The soldiers took the bribe, and did as they were instructed: and this is the tale which has gone abroad among Jews, to this
day. (Matt. 27: 59-60; Mark 16:1-6; Matt. 28:13).

Therefore, it cannot be denied that Christ's body was put into the tomb on the Friday night of His death; nor can it be denied that it
was not there on the next Sunday morning. similarly, it cannot be denied that Christ appeared to many after His death: " The Lord is
risen indeed, and hath appeared to Simon.... he other disciples therefore said to him(Thomas) We have seen the Lord" (Luke 24:34;
John 20:25 , etc.).

Saint Paul, writing thirty years later, mentions it as an undoubted fact, know to all and witnessed by numbers of people who were still
alive: " For I delivered unto you first of all, which I also received: How tat Christ according to the Scriptures, died..... was buried, and
then...... rose again on the third day: That He was seen by Cephas (Peter) ; and after that by the eleven, then he was seen by more than
five hundred brethren at once: of whom many remain until this present." (1 Cor. 15:3-6). "He ate and drank and conversed with us,
before our eyes He was taken up to Heaven. Stephan saw Him standing at the right hand of God; in the splendor of celestial glory He
appeared to Saul."

This is the unwavering testimony of the Apostles to the resurrection and the glorified life of Jesus. If their testimony is not true, what
testimony is true? If we doubt the simple, definite, unanimous story of the Evangelists, the blood sealed testimony of the Apostles, can
we believe anything ?

The best evidence for design can be seen in the nature of the universe and how it came to be. The process of discovery continues, since one of the fundamental properties of the universe, dark energy (or the cosmological constant), was discovered late in the last century. New studies continue to add to our knowledge about the universe and its extremely unlikely makeup.

The Big BangThe Big Bang theory states that the universe arose from a singularity of virtually no size, which gave rise to the dimensions of space and time, in addition to all matter and energy. At the beginning of the Big Bang, the four fundamental forces began to separate from each other. Early in its history (10-36 to 10-32 seconds), the universe underwent a period of short, but dramatic, hyper-inflationary expansion. The cause of this inflation is unknown, but was required for life to be possible in the universe.

Excess quarksQuarks and antiquarks combined to annihilate each other. Originally, it was expected that the ratio of quarks and antiquarks to be exactly equal to one, since neither would be expected to have been produced in preference to the other. If the ratio were exactly equal to one, the universe would have consisted solely of energy - not very conducive to the existence of life. However, recent research showed that the charge–parity violation could have resulted naturally given the three known masses of quark families.1 However, this just pushes fine tuning a level down to ask why quarks display the masses they have. Those masses must be fine tuned in order to achieve a universe that contains any matter at all.

Large, just right-sized universeEven so, the universe is enormous compared to the size of our Solar System. Isn't the immense size of the universe evidence that humans are really insignificant, contradicting the idea that a God concerned with humanity created the universe? It turns out that the universe could not have been much smaller than it is in order for nuclear fusion to have occurred during the first 3 minutes after the Big Bang. Without this brief period of nucleosynthesis, the early universe would have consisted entirely of hydrogen.2 Likewise, the universe could not have been much larger than it is, or life would not have been possible. If the universe were just one part in 1059 larger,3 the universe would have collapsed before life was possible. Since there are only 1080 baryons in the universe, this means that an addition of just 1021 baryons (about the mass of a grain of sand) would have made life impossible. The universe is exactly the size it must be for life to exist at all.

Early evolution of the universeCosmologists assume that the universe could have evolved in any of a number of ways, and that the process is entirely random. Based upon this assumption, nearly all possible universes would consist solely of thermal radiation (no matter). Of the tiny subset of universes that would contain matter, a small subset would be similar to ours. A very small subset of those would have originated through inflationary conditions. Therefore, universes that are conducive to life "are almost always created by fluctuations into the[se] 'miraculous' states," according to atheist cosmologist Dr. L. Dyson.4

Just right laws of physicsThe laws of physics must have values very close to those observed or the universe does not work "well enough" to support life. What happens when we vary the constants? The strong nuclear force (which holds atoms together) has a value such that when the two hydrogen atoms fuse, 0.7% of the mass is converted into energy. If the value were 0.6% then a proton could not bond to a neutron, and the universe would consist only of hydrogen. If the value were 0.8%, then fusion would happen so readily that no hydrogen would have survived from the Big Bang. Other constants must be fine-tuned to an even more stringent degree. The cosmic microwave background varies by one part in 100,000. If this factor were slightly smaller, the universe would exist only as a collection of diffuse gas, since no stars or galaxies could ever form. If this factor were slightly larger, the universe would consist solely of large black holes. Likewise, the ratio of electrons to protons cannot vary by more than 1 part in 1037 or else electromagnetic interactions would prevent chemical reactions. In addition, if the ratio of the electromagnetic force constant to the gravitational constant were greater by more than 1 part in 1040, then electromagnetism would dominate gravity, preventing the formation of stars and galaxies. If the expansion rate of universe were 1 part in 1055 less than what it is, then the universe would have already collapsed. The most recently discovered physical law, the cosmological constant or dark energy, is the closest to zero of all the physical constants. In fact, a change of only 1 part in 10120 would completely negate the effect.

Universal probability bounds"Unlikely things happen all the time." This is the mantra of the anti-design movement. However, there is an absolute physical limit for improbable events to happen in our universe. The universe contains only 1080 baryons and has only been around for 13.7 billion years (1018 sec). Since the smallest unit of time is Planck time (10-45 sec),5 the lowest probability event that can ever happen in the history of the universe is:

1080 x 1018 x 1045 =10143

So, although it would be possible that one or two constants might require unusual fine-tuning by chance, it would be virtually impossible that all of them would require such fine-tuning. Some physicists have indicated that any of a number of different physical laws would be compatible with our present universe. However, it is not just the current state of the universe that must be compatible with the physical laws. Even more stringent are the initial conditions of the universe, since even minor deviations would have completely disrupted the process. For example, adding a grain of sand to the weight of the universe now would have no effect. However, adding even this small amount of weight at the beginning of the universe would have resulted in its collapse early in its history.

What do cosmologists say?Even though many atheists would like to dismiss such evidence of design, cosmologists know better, and have made statements such as the following, which reveal the depth of the problem for the atheistic worldview:

•"This type of universe, however, seems to require a degree of fine-tuning of the initial conditions that is in apparent conflict with 'common wisdom'."6
•"Polarization is predicted. It's been detected and it's in line with theoretical predictions. We're stuck with this preposterous universe."7
•"In all of these worlds statistically miraculous (but not impossible) events would be necessary to assemble and preserve the fragile nuclei that would ordinarily be destroyed by the higher temperatures. However, although each of the corresponding histories is extremely unlikely, there are so many more of them than those that evolve without "miracles," that they would vastly dominate the livable universes that would be created by Poincare recurrences. We are forced to conclude that in a recurrent world like de Sitter space our universe would be extraordinarily unlikely."8
Speculative "solutions" to the design "problem"The newest "solution" to design in the universe is a belief in the multi-universe theory. This theory requires one to believe that there are more universes in existence than the number of all the subatomic particles that exist in our universe. Our universe just happened to be one of the few that is able to support life. Here is what a recent article from Science says about this hypothetical "multiverse" spinning off an "infinity" of other universes:

"Uncomfortable with the idea that physical parameters like lambda [cosmological constant] are simply lucky accidents, some cosmologists, including Hawking, have suggested that there have been an infinity of big bangs going off in a larger 'multiverse,' each with different values for these parameters. Only those values that are compatible with life could be observed by beings such as ourselves."9

What scientific evidence exists to support the multiverse model? None! Not only is there no evidence, the physics of our own universe requires that we will never be able to obtain any evidence about any other universe (even if it does exist). Even secular websites admit that such ideas amount to nothing more than unfalsifiable metaphysics:

"Appeals to multiple or "parallel" cosmoses or to an infinite number of cosmic "Big Bang/Crunch" oscillations as essential elements of proposed mechanisms are not acceptable in submissions due to a lack of empirical correlation and testability. Such beliefs are without hard physical evidence and must therefore be considered unfalsifiable, currently outside the methodology of scientific investigation to confirm or disprove, and therefore more mathematically theoretical and metaphysical than scientific in nature. Recent cosmological evidence also suggests insufficient mass for gravity to reverse continuing cosmic expansion. The best cosmological evidence thus far suggests the cosmos is finite rather than infinite in age."10

According to Paul Davies:

"Whether it is God, or man, who tosses the dice, turns out to depend on whether multiple universes really exist or not….If instead, the other universes are relegated to ghost worlds, we must regard our existence as a miracle of such improbability that it is scarcely credible."

Hey dawn

i really love your thought about everything in this world. Tell me, can you give me some of your opinion from my statement :

God and humans was created together. When humans was born, god also created too. God created human because he need something to fill and care the earth. not only that, god created us because he need someone to love him. Only with love from us, he was created in this world. Human created god because humans need a leader who doesnt have any weakness, so they make a figure that can created anything in this world and feared by all living things.
the conclusion is : human and god need each other, no matter what happening. This circle will never broken and will rotate forever. If there is no human, then there is no god. And if there is no god, then there is no human

Amose1550bce,

God is neither male nor female. Being gender-specific presupposes that God is in need of procreation. I don't think that's necessary since whatever is desired can be created.

In the Old Testament and other period writings, the tendency to refer to God as "He" is related to the society of the day. Males were the hunter/gatherers and provided for the family unit (while the females bore and nurtured the infants/children). The family unit followed the male as food was required - the male being a leader.

God created, and provided for all creation. The idea of 'male' labeling for God was a natural outgrowth of the time.

Complementarily, there is no need to refer to God as 'she', since procreation is unneeded. So, "women's lib" attitudes to reverse the trend are ALSO unnecessary.

The Old Testament referred to the creator as "Father". In order to redeem human beings from the sin of rebellion, the "Father" made it possible to provide a sacrifice (of blood) to pay for sin. The "Son" was born of a woman through the fertilization of one of her ovums by the life-giver "Holy Spirit". Even Jesus referred to the third person of the Trinity, when He was about to ascend back to heaven - promising that a "comforter" (Holy Spirit) would stay with us until He (Son, himself) returned for judgment.

I think this points to three distinct personalities, all of whom were one and the same in entity ("three in one and one in three").

Read the Bible carefully, and take the time to consider each passage instead of racing through it.

Humans created gods. Humans created religion.

'I am staggered by your arrogance. I will pray for you sir".


Is it me, or does THIS statement reek with arrogance?

The answer is in the eye of the beholder. It reminds me of a similar question about who chose whom. God chose Israel, (the Jewish People), or Israel chose God? I believe Israel chose God. Since we took our coice of God seriously, we became known as the chosen people.

Behold! I am gonna surprise you with this one. I totally agree with you. I do believe that humans created "gods" as well as humans created religions.

The references to the Jews as the "Chosen People" cannot stem from Jews choosing God. It stems from God choosing them because the earliest Patriarch had been receptive to a single God (instead of the popular multi-god followers).