1940s in sociology
Encyclopedia
1940
- Marc BlochMarc BlochMarc Léopold Benjamin Bloch was a French historian who cofounded the highly influential Annales School of French social history. Bloch was a quintessential modernist. An assimilated Alsatian Jew from an academic family in Paris, he was deeply affected in his youth by the Dreyfus Affair...
's Feudal Society is published. - Marc BlochMarc BlochMarc Léopold Benjamin Bloch was a French historian who cofounded the highly influential Annales School of French social history. Bloch was a quintessential modernist. An assimilated Alsatian Jew from an academic family in Paris, he was deeply affected in his youth by the Dreyfus Affair...
's Strange Defeat; a Statement of Evidence is published. - Franz BoasFranz BoasFranz Boas was a German-American anthropologist and a pioneer of modern anthropology who has been called the "Father of American Anthropology" and "the Father of Modern Anthropology." Like many such pioneers, he trained in other disciplines; he received his doctorate in physics, and did...
's Race, Language and Culture is published. - Sir Edward Evans-PritchardE. E. Evans-PritchardSir Edward Evan Evans-Pritchard was an English anthropologist who was instrumental in the development of social anthropology...
's The Nuer is published. - Meyer FortesMeyer FortesMeyer Fortes was a South African-born anthropologist, best known for his work among the Tallensi and Ashanti in Ghana.Originally trained in psychology, Fortes employed the notion of the "person" into his structural-functional analyses of kinship, the family, and ancestor worship setting a standard...
's African Political Systems is published. - David V. Glass's Population Policies and Movements in Europe is published.
- Walter BenjaminWalter BenjaminWalter Bendix Schönflies Benjamin was a German-Jewish intellectual, who functioned variously as a literary critic, philosopher, sociologist, translator, radio broadcaster and essayist...
's On the concept of history is published. - Robert M. MacIver serves as president of the ASAAmerican Sociological AssociationThe American Sociological Association , founded in 1905 as the American Sociological Society , is a non-profit organization dedicated to advancing the discipline and profession of sociology by serving sociologists in their work and promoting their contributions to serve society.The ASA holds its...
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1941
- Melville Jean HerskovitsMelville J. HerskovitsMelville Jean Herskovits was an American anthropologist who firmly established African and African American studies in American academia. The son of Jewish immigrants, he obtained a Bachelor of Philosophy at the University of Chicago in 1923 and obtained his Master's and Ph.D...
' The Myth of the Negro Past is published. - George Homans' English villages in the Thirteenth Century is published.
- Harold LasswellHarold LasswellHarold Dwight Lasswell was a leading American political scientist and communications theorist. He was a member of the Chicago school of sociology and was a professor at Yale University in law. He was a President of the American Political Science Association and World Academy of Art and Science...
's The Garrison StateThe Garrison StateThe Garrison State was a 1941 article in the American Journal of Sociology by political scientist and sociologist Harold Lasswell. It was a "developmental construct" that outlined the possibility of a political-military elite composed of "specialists in violence" in a modern state.Lasswell was...
is published. - Herbert MarcuseHerbert MarcuseHerbert Marcuse was a German Jewish philosopher, sociologist and political theorist, associated with the Frankfurt School of critical theory...
's Reason and RevolutionReason and RevolutionReason and Revolution: Hegel and the Rise of Social Theory, published by Herbert Marcuse in 1941, is a dialectical study of the social theories of Hegel and Marx...
is published. - Karl MarxKarl MarxKarl Heinrich Marx was a German philosopher, economist, sociologist, historian, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. His ideas played a significant role in the development of social science and the socialist political movement...
's GrundrisseGrundrisseThe Grundrisse der Kritik der Politischen Ökonomie is a lengthy manuscript by the German philosopher Karl Marx, completed in 1858. However, as it existed primarily as a collection of unedited notes, the work remained unpublished until 1939...
is published. - Pitirim SorokinPitirim SorokinPitirim Alexandrovich Sorokin was a Russian-American sociologist born in Komi . Academic and political activist in Russia, he emigrated from Russia to the United States in 1923. He founded the Department of Sociology at Harvard University. He was a vocal opponent of Talcott Parsons' theories...
's Social and Cultural Dynamics is published. - William Lloyd Warner's Social Life of a Modern Community is published.
1942
- William BeveridgeWilliam BeveridgeWilliam Henry Beveridge, 1st Baron Beveridge KCB was a British economist and social reformer. He is best known for his 1942 report Social Insurance and Allied Services which served as the basis for the post-World War II welfare state put in place by the Labour government elected in 1945.Lord...
's Social Insurance and Allied ServicesBeveridge ReportThe Report of the Inter-Departmental Committee on Social Insurance and Allied Services, known commonly as the Beveridge Report was an influential document in the founding of the Welfare State in the United Kingdom...
is published. - James BurnhamJames BurnhamJames Burnham was an American popular political theorist, best known for his influential work The Managerial Revolution, published in 1941. Burnham was a radical activist in the 1930s and an important factional leader of the American Trotskyist movement. In later years he left Marxism and produced...
's The Managerial revolution is published - Stuart C. DoddStuart C. DoddStuart Carter Dodd was an American sociologist and an educator, who published research on the Middle East and on mathematical sociology, and was a pioneer in scientific polling.- Biography :Stuart Dodd graduated from Princeton University in 1926...
's Dimensions of Society is published. - Georges GurvitchGeorges GurvitchGeorges Gurvitch was a Russian born French sociologist and jurist. One of the leading sociologists of his times, he was a specialist of the sociology of knowledge. In 1944 he founded the journal Cahiers internationaux de Sociologie. He held a chair in sociology at the Sorbonne in Paris.Gurvitch is...
's Sociology of LawSociology of lawThe sociology of law is often described as a sub-discipline of sociology or an interdisciplinary approach within legal studies...
is published. - Siegfried Frederick NadelSiegfried Frederick NadelSiegfried Frederick Nadel , known as Fred Nadel, was an Austrian-born British anthropologist, specialising in African ethnology.-Biography:Nadel was born in Lemberg, Galizia, the son of a lawyer...
's A Black Byzantium is published. - Franz Leopold NeumannFranz Leopold NeumannFranz Leopold Neumann was a German-Jewish left-wing political activist, Marxist theorist and labor lawyer, who became a political scientist in exile and is best known for his theoretical analyses of National Socialism. He studied in Germany and the United Kingdom, and spent the last phase of...
's Behemoth: The Structure and Practice of National SocialismBehemoth: The Structure and Practice of National SocialismBehemoth: The Structure and Practice of National Socialism 1933–1944 is a book by the German lawyer and political scientist Franz Leopold Neumann...
is published. - Wilhelm ReichWilhelm ReichWilhelm Reich was an Austrian-American psychiatrist and psychoanalyst, known as one of the most radical figures in the history of psychiatry...
's The Mass Psychology of FascismThe Mass Psychology of FascismThe Mass Psychology of Fascism, originally Die Massenpsychologie des Faschismus in German, was a book written by Wilhelm Reich in 1933...
is published. - Joseph SchumpeterJoseph SchumpeterJoseph Alois Schumpeter was an Austrian-Hungarian-American economist and political scientist. He popularized the term "creative destruction" in economics.-Life:...
's Capitalism, Socialism and DemocracyCapitalism, Socialism and DemocracyCapitalism, Socialism and Democracy is the most famous book by Joseph Schumpeter in which he deals with capitalism, socialism and creative destruction...
is published. - Dwight Sanderson serves as president of the American Sociological AssociationAmerican Sociological AssociationThe American Sociological Association , founded in 1905 as the American Sociological Society , is a non-profit organization dedicated to advancing the discipline and profession of sociology by serving sociologists in their work and promoting their contributions to serve society.The ASA holds its...
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1944
- William BeveridgeWilliam BeveridgeWilliam Henry Beveridge, 1st Baron Beveridge KCB was a British economist and social reformer. He is best known for his 1942 report Social Insurance and Allied Services which served as the basis for the post-World War II welfare state put in place by the Labour government elected in 1945.Lord...
's Full Employment and a Free Society is published. - W. E. B. Du Bois' Jacob and EsauJacob and EsauThe Book of Genesis contains the story of Jacob and Esau focusing on the sale of Esau's birthright to Jacob and the conflict that had spawned between their descendant nations because of this sale....
is published. - Morris GinsbergMorris GinsbergMorris Ginsberg was a UK sociologist. He was president of the Aristotelian Society from 1942 to 1943. Ginsberg helped draft the UNESCO 1950 statement titled The Race Question...
's Moral Progress is published. - Friedrich HayekFriedrich HayekFriedrich August Hayek CH , born in Austria-Hungary as Friedrich August von Hayek, was an economist and philosopher best known for his defense of classical liberalism and free-market capitalism against socialist and collectivist thought...
' The Road to SerfdomThe Road to SerfdomThe Road to Serfdom is a book written by the Austrian-born economist and philosopher Friedrich von Hayek between 1940–1943, in which he "warned of the danger of tyranny that inevitably results from government control of economic decision-making through central planning," and in which he argues...
is published. - Clyde KluckhohnClyde KluckhohnClyde Kluckhohn , was an American anthropologist and social theorist, best known for his long-term ethnographic work among the Navajo and his contributions to the development of theory of culture within American anthropology.-Early life and education:...
' Navajo Witchcraft is published. - Alfred Louis Kroeber' Configurations of Cultural Growth is published.
- Paul Felix Lazarsfeld' The People's Choice is published.
- Helen Merrell Lynd' England in the Eighteen Eighties: Toward a Social Basis for Freedom is published.
- Gunnar MyrdalGunnar MyrdalKarl Gunnar Myrdal was a Swedish Nobel Laureate economist, sociologist, and politician. In 1974, he received the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with Friedrich Hayek for "their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the...
's An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy is published. - Karl PolanyiKarl PolanyiKarl Paul Polanyi was a Hungarian philosopher, political economist and economic anthropologist known for his opposition to traditional economic thought and his book The Great Transformation...
' The Great Transformation is published. - Rupert B. Vance serves as president of the ASAAmerican Sociological AssociationThe American Sociological Association , founded in 1905 as the American Sociological Society , is a non-profit organization dedicated to advancing the discipline and profession of sociology by serving sociologists in their work and promoting their contributions to serve society.The ASA holds its...
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Births
- July 19: Karin Knorr Cetina
- Donna HarawayDonna HarawayDonna J. Haraway is currently a Distinguished Professor Emerita in the History of Consciousness Department at the University of California, Santa Cruz, United States...
- Edmund Wnuk-LipinskiEdmund Wnuk-LipinskiEdmund Wnuk-Lipiński , professor of Sociology, is the founder and first head of the Polish Academy of Sciences Institute of Political Studies, Rector of Collegium Civitas in Warsaw. He was a Fellow at the Institute of Human Sciences in Vienna, the University of Notre Dame, and Wissenschaftskolleg...
- Ulrich BeckUlrich BeckUlrich Beck is a German sociologist who holds a professorship at Munich University and at the London School of Economics.-Life:...
1945
- Ruth Fulton Benedict' The Chrysanthemum and the SwordThe Chrysanthemum and the SwordThe Chrysanthemum and the Sword: Patterns of Japanese Culture is an influential 1946 study of Japan by American anthropologist Ruth Benedict written at the invitation of the U.S. Office of War Information in order to understand and predict the behavior of the Japanese in World War II by reference...
is published. - Helen Merrell Lynd' Field Work in College Education is published.
- Maurice Merleau-PontyMaurice Merleau-PontyMaurice Merleau-Ponty was a French phenomenological philosopher, strongly influenced by Karl Marx, Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger in addition to being closely associated with Jean-Paul Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir...
' Phenomenology of PerceptionPhenomenology of PerceptionThe Phenomenology of Perception was the magnum opus of French phenomenological philosopher Maurice Merleau-Ponty.Following the work of Edmund Husserl, Merleau-Ponty's project is to reveal the phenomenological structure of perception. However, Merleau-Ponty's conceptions of phenomenology, and for...
is published. - Sir Karl Raimund Popper' The Open Society and its EnemiesThe Open Society and Its EnemiesThe Open Society and Its Enemies is an influential two-volume work by Karl Popper written during World War II. Failing to find a publisher in the United States, it was first printed in London by Routledge in 1945...
is published.
1946
- Morris JanowitzMorris JanowitzMorris Janowitz, was an American sociologist and professor who made major contributions to sociological theory, the study of prejudice, urban issues, and patriotism. He was one of the founders of military sociology and made major contributions, along with Samuel Huntington, to the establishment of...
's The Professional Soldier is published. - C. Wright MillsC. Wright MillsCharles Wright Mills was an American sociologist. Mills is best remembered for his 1959 book The Sociological Imagination in which he lays out a view of the proper relationship between biography and history, theory and method in sociological scholarship...
and Hans.H Gerth's From Max Weber is published. - Viola Klein's The Feminine Character: History of an Ideology is published.
- Carl C. TaylorCarl C. TaylorCarl C. Taylor in as American softball coach who was the first coach in Rutgers University history to win a National Championship when he led the 2006 Rutgers-Camden Softball team to national championship victory in Raleigh, North Carolina, defeating the reigning National Champions, University of St...
serves as president of the American Sociological AssociationAmerican Sociological AssociationThe American Sociological Association , founded in 1905 as the American Sociological Society , is a non-profit organization dedicated to advancing the discipline and profession of sociology by serving sociologists in their work and promoting their contributions to serve society.The ASA holds its...
. - Activities of the German Society for SociologyGerman Society for SociologyThe German Sociological Association organizes social scientists in Germany. It was founded January 3, 1909, at Berlin by its initiators Rudolf Goldscheid , Ferdinand Tönnies, Max Weber, Georg Simmel, et al...
are resumed and Leopold Von Weise becomes chairperson.
1947
- Theodor Adorno's The Stars down to Earth is published.
- Theodor Adorno's and Max HorkheimerMax HorkheimerMax Horkheimer was a German-Jewish philosopher-sociologist, famous for his work in critical theory as a member of the 'Frankfurt School' of social research. His most important works include The Eclipse of Reason and, in collaboration with Theodor Adorno, The Dialectic of Enlightenment...
's Dialectic of Entertainment is published. - Fei XiaotongFei XiaotongFei Xiaotong, or Fei Hsiao-Tung was a pioneering Chinese researcher and professor of sociology and anthropology; he was also noted for his studies in the study of China's ethnic groups as well as a social activist...
's Shengyu zhidu 《生育制度》 (The institutions for reproduction) is published. - Max HorkheimerMax HorkheimerMax Horkheimer was a German-Jewish philosopher-sociologist, famous for his work in critical theory as a member of the 'Frankfurt School' of social research. His most important works include The Eclipse of Reason and, in collaboration with Theodor Adorno, The Dialectic of Enlightenment...
's The Eclipse of Reason is published. - George LundbergGeorge A. LundbergGeorge Andrew Lundberg was an American sociologist.-Biography:...
's Can Science Save Us? is published. - George Elton Mayo's The Social Problems of Industrial Civilization is published.
- Thomas Humphrey MarshallThomas Humphrey MarshallThomas Humphrey Marshall was a British sociologist, most noted for his essays, such as the essay collection Citizenship and Social Class.He was born in 1893 and educated at Rugby School, and Trinity College, Cambridge University...
's Sociology at the Crossroads is published. - Robert Morrison MacIverRobert Morrison MacIverRobert Morrison MacIver was a U.S. sociologist.MacIver was born in Stornoway, Isle of Lewis, Scotland to Donald MacIver, a general merchant and tweed manufacturer, and Christina MacIver . On 14 August 1911 he was married to Elizabeth Marion Peterkin...
's The Web of Government is published.
1948
- Chester BarnardChester BarnardChester Irving Barnard was an American business executive, public administrator, and the author of pioneering work in management theory and organizational studies. His landmark 1938 book, Functions of the Executive, sets out a theory of organization and of the functions of executives in...
's Organisation and Management is published. - Oliver CoxOliver CoxOliver Cromwell Cox was a Trinidadian-American sociologist noted for his early Marxist viewpoint on Fascism. He is a member of the Chicago school of sociology-Education:...
's Caste, Class and Race is published. - Kingsley DavisKingsley DavisKingsley Davis , identified by the American Philosophical Society as one of the most outstanding social scientists of the twentieth century, was a Hoover Institution senior research fellow and internationally recognized American sociologist and demographer...
' Human Society is published. - Fei XiaotongFei XiaotongFei Xiaotong, or Fei Hsiao-Tung was a pioneering Chinese researcher and professor of sociology and anthropology; he was also noted for his studies in the study of China's ethnic groups as well as a social activist...
's Xiangtu chongjian 《鄉土重建》 (Rural recovery) is published. - Alfred KinseyAlfred KinseyAlfred Charles Kinsey was an American biologist and professor of entomology and zoology, who in 1947 founded the Institute for Sex Research at Indiana University, now known as the Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender, and Reproduction, as well as producing the Kinsey Reports and the Kinsey...
' Sexual Behaviour in the Human Male is published. - Robert LowieRobert LowieRobert Harry Lowie was an Austrian-born American anthropologist. An expert on North American Indians, he was instrumental in the development of modern anthropology.-Biography:...
' Social Organisation is published. - C. Wright MillsC. Wright MillsCharles Wright Mills was an American sociologist. Mills is best remembered for his 1959 book The Sociological Imagination in which he lays out a view of the proper relationship between biography and history, theory and method in sociological scholarship...
' The New Men of Power: America's Labor Leaders is published. - E. Franklin FrazierE. Franklin FrazierEdward Franklin Frazier , was an American sociologist. His 1932 Ph.D. dissertation The Negro Family in Chicago, later released as a book The Negro Family in the United States in 1939, analyzed the cultural and historical forces that influenced the development of the African American family from the...
serves as president of the ASAAmerican Sociological AssociationThe American Sociological Association , founded in 1905 as the American Sociological Society , is a non-profit organization dedicated to advancing the discipline and profession of sociology by serving sociologists in their work and promoting their contributions to serve society.The ASA holds its...
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1949
- Marc BlochMarc BlochMarc Léopold Benjamin Bloch was a French historian who cofounded the highly influential Annales School of French social history. Bloch was a quintessential modernist. An assimilated Alsatian Jew from an academic family in Paris, he was deeply affected in his youth by the Dreyfus Affair...
's The Historian's Craft is published. - Simone De BeauvoirSimone de BeauvoirSimone-Ernestine-Lucie-Marie Bertrand de Beauvoir, often shortened to Simone de Beauvoir , was a French existentialist philosopher, public intellectual, and social theorist. She wrote novels, essays, biographies, an autobiography in several volumes, and monographs on philosophy, politics, and...
's The Second SexThe Second SexThe Second Sex is one of the best-known works of the French existentialist Simone de Beauvoir. It is a work on the treatment of women throughout history and often regarded as a major work of feminist literature and the starting point of second-wave feminism. Beauvoir researched and wrote the book...
is published. - Meyer FortesMeyer FortesMeyer Fortes was a South African-born anthropologist, best known for his work among the Tallensi and Ashanti in Ghana.Originally trained in psychology, Fortes employed the notion of the "person" into his structural-functional analyses of kinship, the family, and ancestor worship setting a standard...
' The Web of Kinship among the Tallensi is published. - E. Franklin FrazierE. Franklin FrazierEdward Franklin Frazier , was an American sociologist. His 1932 Ph.D. dissertation The Negro Family in Chicago, later released as a book The Negro Family in the United States in 1939, analyzed the cultural and historical forces that influenced the development of the African American family from the...
's The Negro in the United States is published. - Robert K. MertonRobert K. MertonRobert King Merton was a distinguished American sociologist. He spent most of his career teaching at Columbia University, where he attained the rank of University Professor...
's Social Theory and Social StructureSocial Theory and Social StructureSocial Theory and Social Structure was a landmark publication in sociology by Robert K. Merton. It has been translated into close to 20 languages and is one of the most frequently cited texts in social sciences...
is published. - Max WeberMax WeberKarl Emil Maximilian "Max" Weber was a German sociologist and political economist who profoundly influenced social theory, social research, and the discipline of sociology itself...
's General Economic History is published (posthumously). - International Sociological AssociationInternational Sociological AssociationInternational Sociological Association is a non-profit organization dedicated to scientific purposes in the field of sociology and social sciences...
is founded.