2007 Karachi riots
Encyclopedia
On May 12, 2007, riots erupted across Karachi
Karachi
Karachi is the largest city, main seaport and the main financial centre of Pakistan, as well as the capital of the province of Sindh. The city has an estimated population of 13 to 15 million, while the total metropolitan area has a population of over 18 million...

, capital of the province of Sindh
Sindh
Sindh historically referred to as Ba'ab-ul-Islam , is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhi people. It is also locally known as the "Mehran". Though Muslims form the largest religious group in Sindh, a good number of Christians, Zoroastrians and Hindus can...

 and the most populous city in Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...

. During the riots city roads were blocked, cars burned and hundreds of people were injured, killed and arrested, most of them political workers. Pakistan Peoples Party
Pakistan Peoples Party
The Pakistan Peoples Party , is a democratic socialist political party in Pakistan affiliated with Socialist International. Pakistan People's Party is the largest political party of Pakistan...

 (PPP) Awami National Party
Awami National Party
The Awami National Party is an Pashtun nationalist, socialist, centre-left political party in Pakistan affiliated with Socialist International...

 (ANP) members fought with Muttahida Qaumi Movement
Muttahida Qaumi Movement
Muttahida Qaumi Movement generally known as MQM, is a liberal-secular political party of Pakistan. It is generally known as a party which holds immense mobilizing potential in province of Sindh...

 (MQM). The most recent reports of the incident also included a death count that rose to as high as forty-three people. MQM, the coalition partner in the provincial government, announced a rally on the same day as the Pakistan Peoples Party
Pakistan Peoples Party
The Pakistan Peoples Party , is a democratic socialist political party in Pakistan affiliated with Socialist International. Pakistan People's Party is the largest political party of Pakistan...

 (PPP) announced a rally to welcome Chief Justice
Chief Justice
The Chief Justice in many countries is the name for the presiding member of a Supreme Court in Commonwealth or other countries with an Anglo-Saxon justice system based on English common law, such as the Supreme Court of Canada, the Constitutional Court of South Africa, the Court of Final Appeal of...

 Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry
Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry
Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry is the current Chief Justice of Pakistan.He became chief justice of Pakistan's Supreme Court in 2005 and soon became not only a central figure in the nation's political struggles but an icon to the country's legal profession and others campaigning for the rule of law...

 in Karachi
Karachi
Karachi is the largest city, main seaport and the main financial centre of Pakistan, as well as the capital of the province of Sindh. The city has an estimated population of 13 to 15 million, while the total metropolitan area has a population of over 18 million...

. Chief Justice
Chief Justice
The Chief Justice in many countries is the name for the presiding member of a Supreme Court in Commonwealth or other countries with an Anglo-Saxon justice system based on English common law, such as the Supreme Court of Canada, the Constitutional Court of South Africa, the Court of Final Appeal of...

 Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry
Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry
Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry is the current Chief Justice of Pakistan.He became chief justice of Pakistan's Supreme Court in 2005 and soon became not only a central figure in the nation's political struggles but an icon to the country's legal profession and others campaigning for the rule of law...

 was coming to address the city bar association on the 50th anniversary of establishment of the Sindh High Court
Sindh High Court
The High Court of Sindh is the highest judicial institution of Sindh province. Established in 1906, it is situated at provincial capital Karachi. Apart from being the highest Court of Appeal for Sindh in civil and criminal matters, the Court was the District Court and the Court of Session in...

 Bar Association
Bar association
A bar association is a professional body of lawyers. Some bar associations are responsible for the regulation of the legal profession in their jurisdiction; others are professional organizations dedicated to serving their members; in many cases, they are both...

.

Tension between Chaudhry and Musharraf

Chaudhry had been suspended from his post as Chief Justice by President
President of Pakistan
The President of Pakistan is the head of state, as well as figurehead, of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Recently passed an XVIII Amendment , Pakistan has a parliamentary democratic system of government. According to the Constitution, the President is chosen by the Electoral College to serve a...

 Pervez Musharraf
Pervez Musharraf
Pervez Musharraf , is a retired four-star general who served as the 13th Chief of Army Staff and tenth President of Pakistan as well as tenth Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee. Musharraf headed and led an administrative military government from October 1999 till August 2007. He ruled...

 on March 9, 2007 for alleged misconduct. Musharraf's actions led to a degree of unrest in Pakistan — both with regards to the validity of the allegations, as well as doubt as to whether Musharraf actually had the power to suspend, the Chief Justice under the circumstances.

There had been previous conflict between Chaudhry and Musharraf, specifically with regard to the Pakistan Steel Mills
Pakistan Steel Mills
The Pakistan Steel Mills, PSM, is the state-owned producer of long rolled steel and heavy iron products in Karachi, Sindh Province of Pakistan. The Pakistan Steel Mill is the country's largest industrial undertaking having a production capacity of 1.1 million tonnes of steel...

 case in which Chaudhry ruled against the sale of Pakistan's state-run steel mills at a "throw-away price".

During his time on the bench, Chaudhry also presided over the controversial "forced disappearance
Forced disappearance
In international human rights law, a forced disappearance occurs when a person is secretly abducted or imprisoned by a state or political organization or by a third party with the authorization, support, or acquiescence of a state or political organization, followed by a refusal to acknowledge the...

" cases. These were charges brought by families that believed their relatives to be taken by intelligence agencies without due process. Human rights groups say that at least 400 people are suspected to have been detained secretly by these agencies since 2001.

Chaudhry Iftikhar's speaking tour across Pakistan

Leading up to the freedom of Judiciary, Chaudhry had been speaking at cities across Pakistan, with his most recent visit being to the city of Lahore
Lahore
Lahore is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab and the second largest city in the country. With a rich and fabulous history dating back to over a thousand years ago, Lahore is no doubt Pakistan's cultural capital. One of the most densely populated cities in the world, Lahore remains a...

. During his final speech before riots, the major focus of his rhetoric was that the government had "no right" to impose laws violating "basic human rights".

In this speech he went on to say, "Those countries and nations who don’t learn from the past and repeat those mistakes [will be] destroyed," At the meeting, banners supporting the independence of the judiciary and denouncing Musharraf hung on boundary walls surrounding the compound. Chaudhry’s vehicle was showered with rose petals as he stopped to greet supporters, and people pushed close to get a glimpse of him. The authorities made no effort to stop the caravan, although opposition parties have since claimed that political workers were arrested during the procession.

The city as his plane landed at approximately midday at the Jinnah International Airport in Karachi. These fires later spread to the main Shahrah-e-Faisal Road connecting the airport with the Sindh High Court. Smoke arose from at least four areas of the city, as rioters burned cars, buses and trucks.' During the rampage, it was mostly the supporters of Chaudhry who lost their lives. 15 members of Awami National Party
Awami National Party
The Awami National Party is an Pashtun nationalist, socialist, centre-left political party in Pakistan affiliated with Socialist International...

 (ANP) were killed (Pashtuns make up second largest ethnic group in Karachi with 7.0 millions pashtuns live in karachi). 14 supporters of PPP were also left dead in the massacre.

More than 800 political workers were arrested, majority of whom were members of labor and student organizations that had been planning to greet Chaudhry on his arrival.

Jinnah International Airport

The Chief Justice was stationed at the Jinnah International Airport
Jinnah International Airport
Jinnah International Airport is Pakistan's largest international and domestic airport. It is located in Karachi, Pakistan, and its passenger terminal is also commonly known as the جناح ٹرمینل Jinnah Terminal...

 and had been unable to leave due to violence and road-blocks established around his location, as well as fears that his leaving may have precipitated further bloodshed. In accommodation, the government agreed to send a helicopter to transport him out of the airport, but Chaudhry refused, indicating that he wished to travel by ground. Ultimately, Chaudhry would not compromise on this issue and returned to Islamabad
Islamabad
Islamabad is the capital of Pakistan and the tenth largest city in the country. Located within the Islamabad Capital Territory , the population of the city has grown from 100,000 in 1951 to 1.7 million in 2011...

, stating that he was unwilling to leave the airport without sufficient security as well as his cadré of lawyers. According to Munir A. Malik, one of the chief justice's lawyers, Musharraf's offer to transport Chaudhry by helicopter was actually an attempt to "kidnap" him.

On May 12, 2007, Pakistan International Airlines
Pakistan International Airlines
Pakistan International Airlines Corporation commonly known as PIA, is the flag carrier airline of Pakistan. The airline has its head office on the grounds of Jinnah International Airport in Karachi. and operates scheduled services to 24 domestic destinations and 38 international destinations in 27...

 issued a statement indicating that all flights from Karachi had been delayed, as cabin crews could not reach the airport due to road blocks.

Aaj Television Network Attacked

Much of the violence centered around Aaj TV
AAJ TV
AAJ TV is a 24 hour Pakistani news television channel. Aaj in English means "Today".-Channel and its Programmes:AAJ News was initially started on March 23, 2005 by the Business Recorder Group...

, A Pakistani news network that covered many of the recent disputes between Chief Justice Chaudhry and President Musharraf. According to reports, a huge mob of armed men surrounded the Aaj TV building as its parking lot was set ablaze and similar infernos raged throughout the city. The network was telecasting live footage of armed men brandishing guns in front of its offices and firing on rivals in an adjacent neighborhood. As the telecast continued, the armed men turned their guns on the Aaj TV building.

The chief executive of Aaj TV, Asif Zuberi, said in regard to the attacks, "Our cameramen were shooting the rally procession when the armed gunmen started to fire indiscriminately at our office. No security was sent to us though the firing went on for six hours.The Aaj TV building came under fire from armed men who wanted the airing of live footage of the unrest in the city stopped.

No one was hurt during the attacks, and the network remained on the air.

As inquiries on 12th may could not proceed further, which were tabled in the Sindh High Court
Sindh High Court
The High Court of Sindh is the highest judicial institution of Sindh province. Established in 1906, it is situated at provincial capital Karachi. Apart from being the highest Court of Appeal for Sindh in civil and criminal matters, the Court was the District Court and the Court of Session in...

, and was to be probed by the seven-member bench, the MQM was left free of any accusition. The chief executive of Aaj TV, say that “The Aaj TV building came under fire from armed man who wanted the airing of live footage of the unrest in the city stopped,”.

Media ban

On May 9, 2007, the Pakistani government issued a media ban on discussion of the suspension of Chaudhry by Musharraf. Journalist organizations protested the ban, responding that the goal of the media was to cover, not contribute, to the current controversy. The government in response agreed to issue special passes for reporters and lawyers to attend the presidential reference filed against the Chief Justice.

Sources of contention

. Human Rights Watch
Human Rights Watch
Human Rights Watch is an international non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. Its headquarters are in New York City and it has offices in Berlin, Beirut, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Paris, San Francisco, Tokyo,...

, a non-government affiliated human rights watch dog based in New York City
New York City
New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. New York exerts a significant impact upon global commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and...

, recently issued a statement indicating that "This [violence] can either be due to the incompetence of the government, or its complicity." Their statement went on, "The sequence of events leading up to this violence, including statements from the provincial authorities and the arrest of hundreds of opposition activists in the last few days, indicates that the government, acting through its coalition partners, has deliberately sought to foment violence in Karachi."

According to documents obtained by the BBC after the event, government security measures on the day of the planned demonstrations included the instruction that "no police personnel should carry any kind of weapon during the law and order duty with the rally".

Of note, among police officials were deployed for security duties in Karachi, only 21 in the entire city were armed. BBC analysts have indicated that the way police were deployed indicates that they were meant to prevent people from gaining access to the airport or to the Sindh High Court.

During a National Assembly of Pakistan
National Assembly of Pakistan
The National Assembly of Pakistan is the lower house of the bicameral Majlis-e-Shura, which also compromises the President of Pakistan and Senate . The National Assembly and the Senate both convene at Parliament House in Islamabad...

 meeting on Monday evening, opposition leader Liaqat Baloch
Liaqat Baloch
Liaqat Baloch Bawala is a political leader in Pakistan. He is originally from Muzaffargarh, a remote area of southern Punjab....

 condemned MQM for their alleged role in the Karachi affairs, and afterwards led the condolence prayers for victims of the carnage as well as for the deceased mother of the acting Speaker.

General strike and national holiday

On May 14, 2007, opposition parties called for a general strike in Lahore, paralyzing the city and protesting the government response to the riots. 8,000 people, including lawyers and human rights activists, chanted "Out with Musharraf!" and "Death to Altaf Hussain
Altaf Hussain
Altaf Hussain is the founder and leader of the Muttahida Quami Movement . The MQM emerged as the third largest political party in the national assembly of Pakistan during 1988 and 1990 elections. The MQM secured representation in the parliamentary elections held in the northern areas of Pakistan...

!" In addition, protestors burned effigies of Musharraf and hundreds forced their way through a police barricade.

Authorities responded by banning demonstrations and declaring a national holiday. Shops were closed and public transportation was shut down in the country’s major cities. It is the largest strike in Pakistan since Musharraf assumed his presidency in 1999, with much of the unrest stemming from news reports that government troops were in Karachi, but took no action to separate armed pro-government MQM groups and opposition forces during the gunfights.

Shooting of Syed Hammad Raza

During the early evening of May 13, Syed Hammad Raza
Syed Hammad Raza
Syed Hammad Raza Shaheed , Additional Registrar, Supreme Court of Pakistan, was a civil servant belonging to the elite District Management Group of Central Superior Services of Pakistan...

, a senior official in Pakistan's Supreme Court, was shot dead at approximately 4:30 p.m. near his home in Islamabad
Islamabad
Islamabad is the capital of Pakistan and the tenth largest city in the country. Located within the Islamabad Capital Territory , the population of the city has grown from 100,000 in 1951 to 1.7 million in 2011...

. Mr. Raza was a close associate of Chaudhry. Chaudhry visited Shabana Raza, Syed Raza's widow, in condolence that night. According to Reuters, Mrs. Raza told Chaudhry: "You called him to Islamabad — you should have protected him, and now my children need protection as well.”

According to one of Chaudhry's lawyers, Tariq Mehmood, "[Raza] was witness to many things. [For example] the chief justice said in his petition that some files were removed from his chamber on the day he was suspended.... He was under pressure." Mehmood declined further comment.

An editorial in The Daily Times, a leading newspaper in Lahore, wrote “The possibility of any compromise to correct the original mistake of Musharraf removing the C.J.P. has vanished now.... The ante has been upped by the government.”

Uneasy peace

On the evening of May 14, 2007, Sindh Chief Minister Arbab Ghulam Rahim
Arbab Ghulam Rahim
Dr. Arbab Ghulam Rahim remained the Chief Minister of the Government of Sindh during 2004-2007.He was born on 15 September 1957.He belongs to District Tharparkar in the province of Sindh, Pakistan...

 said at a press conference that the situation in Karachi city was under control and no serious incidents of violence had taken place that day despite fears to the contrary. During a press conference, the Chief Minister indicated that the opposition parties had not sought permission from the provincial government for holding the May 12, 2007 rallies in Karachi, but that general elections would still be held in Pakistani as scheduled in a few months. At the same press conference, Rahim also indicated that Salimullah Khan of Jamia Farooqia University had recently been arrested, although he declined to state why.

The city had been calmer the day following the riots, with security forces in armored personnel carriers and pickup trucks with mounted machine guns patrolling mostly peaceful and deserted streets. Tensions were still high, however, with the government authorizing paramilitary troops to shoot anyone involved in 'serious' violence.

Kidnapping of Syed Mohammad Iqbal Kazmi

Civil Rights actvist Iqbal Kazmi
Iqbal Kazmi
Syed Mohammad Iqbal Kazmi is a human rights activist and journalist and is based out of city of Karachi...

 was kidnapped by some unknown person but was later freed on the condition that he and his family would leave Karachi.
Kazmi had filed petitions in the Sindh High Court on the May 12 violence and the new Pemra ordinance in which major political and government figures were named as respondents.

The list include Sindh Chief Minister Dr Arbab Ghulam Rahim
Arbab Ghulam Rahim
Dr. Arbab Ghulam Rahim remained the Chief Minister of the Government of Sindh during 2004-2007.He was born on 15 September 1957.He belongs to District Tharparkar in the province of Sindh, Pakistan...

, federal Interior Secretary Syed Kamal Shah, MQM chief Altaf Hussain
Altaf Hussain
Altaf Hussain is the founder and leader of the Muttahida Quami Movement . The MQM emerged as the third largest political party in the national assembly of Pakistan during 1988 and 1990 elections. The MQM secured representation in the parliamentary elections held in the northern areas of Pakistan...

, the Sindh CM’s Adviser on Home Affairs Waseem Akhtar, Chief Secretary Shakeel Durrani, Home Secretary Ghulam M. Muhtaram Naqvi, Provincial Police Officer Niaz A. Siddiqui, CCPO Azhar A. Farooqui, the SHO City Courts police station, SHO Jamshed Quarters, and others.

PPP flays MQM's slander campaign

Islamabad, May 26, 2007: The Pakistan Peoples Party slammed the Muttahida Qaumi Movement for diverting the public attention over May 12 manslaughter by initiating a slander campaign against the members of the PPP.

MQM view of riots of 2007

  • MQM released the videos and photos of ANP and PPP supporters carrying weapons and Firing in the rallies on 12 May.
  • The case is indeed in Sindh High Court and a Document was presented that Containers were placed on the recommendation of lawyers of Karachi Bar in order to block other traffic and let the rally go undisturbed.
  • MQM also released the list of 14 of its members who were killed on 12 May in the riots.


MQM's point of view and these videos and Photos and other proofs and list of MQM activists which were killed on 12 May can be read here.

See also

  • Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry
    Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry
    Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry is the current Chief Justice of Pakistan.He became chief justice of Pakistan's Supreme Court in 2005 and soon became not only a central figure in the nation's political struggles but an icon to the country's legal profession and others campaigning for the rule of law...

  • Movement for Rule of Law
  • Awami National Party
    Awami National Party
    The Awami National Party is an Pashtun nationalist, socialist, centre-left political party in Pakistan affiliated with Socialist International...

  • Muttahida Qaumi Movement
    Muttahida Qaumi Movement
    Muttahida Qaumi Movement generally known as MQM, is a liberal-secular political party of Pakistan. It is generally known as a party which holds immense mobilizing potential in province of Sindh...

  • Karachi
    Karachi
    Karachi is the largest city, main seaport and the main financial centre of Pakistan, as well as the capital of the province of Sindh. The city has an estimated population of 13 to 15 million, while the total metropolitan area has a population of over 18 million...

  • Pervez Musharraf
    Pervez Musharraf
    Pervez Musharraf , is a retired four-star general who served as the 13th Chief of Army Staff and tenth President of Pakistan as well as tenth Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee. Musharraf headed and led an administrative military government from October 1999 till August 2007. He ruled...

  • Altaf Hussain
    Altaf Hussain
    Altaf Hussain is the founder and leader of the Muttahida Quami Movement . The MQM emerged as the third largest political party in the national assembly of Pakistan during 1988 and 1990 elections. The MQM secured representation in the parliamentary elections held in the northern areas of Pakistan...

  • Jinnah International Airport
    Jinnah International Airport
    Jinnah International Airport is Pakistan's largest international and domestic airport. It is located in Karachi, Pakistan, and its passenger terminal is also commonly known as the جناح ٹرمینل Jinnah Terminal...

  • Aaj Television Network
    AAJ TV
    AAJ TV is a 24 hour Pakistani news television channel. Aaj in English means "Today".-Channel and its Programmes:AAJ News was initially started on March 23, 2005 by the Business Recorder Group...

  • Pakistan Peoples Party
    Pakistan Peoples Party
    The Pakistan Peoples Party , is a democratic socialist political party in Pakistan affiliated with Socialist International. Pakistan People's Party is the largest political party of Pakistan...


External links

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