Arthur B. Chapman
Encyclopedia
Arthur Barclay Chapman was the University of Wisconsin–Madison
's "most accomplished animal genetic researcher."
, Westmorland
, England. The son of William Daniel Chapman, a physician, and his wife Nora Moss Chapman, Arthur "Chappie" Chapman attended St. Bees School
until the age of sixteen, when he decided to become a sheep farmer in New Zealand. En route in 1925, he came to the United States, but got only as far as Pullman, Washington
, where on the advice of a relative he took a course in animal husbandry at Washington State University
. He stayed for five years, earning his bachelor of science
degree in 1930. Following graduation, Iowa State University
appointed him a teaching fellow under the supervision of Jay L. Lush, earning his master of science
degree in 1931. During this period, he became particularly interested Sewall Wright
's approaches to quantitative animal breeding
and population genetics. His interests in selection theory and inbreeding were increased with Sir Ronald Fisher
's visit to Iowa State during the summer of 1931.
In the autumn of 1931, Chapman went on to further studies at the University of Wisconsin–Madison
as a graduate student under Professor Leon J. Cole. Under his direction, Chapman completed his Ph.D.
in 1935.
A year before he completed his degree, Chapman was married on 1 September 1934 to Winifred Mary Rollin (5 January 1911-18 August 2004), the daughter of Hugh and Margaret Rollin of Western Springs, Illinois
, who had emigrated from Riding Mill
, Northumberland
, England, in 1913. Winnie and Chappie had three daughters. Through his marriage, Chapman came to spend his summers with his family at Portage Point
, Michigan, where his parents-in-law had a summer home and where he became an avid fisherman on Portage Lake
.
and Sewall Wright
at the University of Chicago
. In 1936, Chapman returned to the University of Wisconsin–Madison
as a member of the faculty of Animal husbandry
. He rose to become Professor of Genetics in 1947 and, in 1972, was appointed Professor of Animal Breeding and Genetics in the Department of Meat and Animal Science and the Department of Genetics and Dairy Science. He was appointed professor emeritus in 1975.
Active as a teacher, he had a total of 42 master's degree students and 33 Ph.D. students during his long career at the University of Wisconsin. An active and very popular teacher with students, he taught an undergraduate agricultural short course every winter as well as courses on genetics and animal breeding.
In his research, Chapman was closely associated with that of his colleague Lester Earl Casida, a reproductive physiologist. Together, they taught a large number of students.
Among his many awards, Arthur Chapman received a Rockefeller Foundation
Award for teaching and research in Poland
in 1960 and a Fulbright Fellowship and a Guggenheim Fellowship
in New Zealand
in 1966-1967.
Chapman was active in a large number of professional organizations, most importantly the American Society of Animal Science
, starting with that society's journal, the Journal of Animal Science
, of which he served as associate editor in 1958-1960 and editor, 1961-1963. The Society awarded him its Animal Breeding and Genetics Award in 1969, its Morrison Award in 1974. He was elected a Fellow of the Society in 1972 and served as the Society's president in 1964-1965.
In addition, he was a member of the Genetics Society of America
, the American Genetic Association
, the International Biometric Society
, the American Dairy Science Association
, the British Society of Animal Production, the New Zealand Society of Animal Production, and the Egyptian Society of Genetics. He was a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
, and an honorary member of Sigma Xi
, Alpha Zeta
, Gamma Alpha
, Phi Sigma
, and Gamma Sigma Delta.
Chapman died in Madison, Wisconsin
.
In addition, he edited:
Jay L. Lush, General and quantitative genetics, edited by A.B. Chapman. Amsterdam ; New York: Elsevier Science Pub. Co., 1985.
Jay L. Lush, The genetics of populations. Ames: Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, College of Agriculture, Iowa State University, 1994.
And wrote several articles of biographies on the distinguished leaders in his academic field, many of whom had influenced him in his own career:
University of Wisconsin–Madison
The University of Wisconsin–Madison is a public research university located in Madison, Wisconsin, United States. Founded in 1848, UW–Madison is the flagship campus of the University of Wisconsin System. It became a land-grant institution in 1866...
's "most accomplished animal genetic researcher."
Early life and education
Chapman was born in WindermereWindermere
Windermere is the largest natural lake of England. It is also a name used in a number of places, including:-Australia:* Lake Windermere , a reservoir, Australian Capital Territory * Lake Windermere...
, Westmorland
Westmorland
Westmorland is an area of North West England and one of the 39 historic counties of England. It formed an administrative county from 1889 to 1974, after which the entirety of the county was absorbed into the new county of Cumbria.-Early history:...
, England. The son of William Daniel Chapman, a physician, and his wife Nora Moss Chapman, Arthur "Chappie" Chapman attended St. Bees School
St. Bees School
St. Bees School is a co-educational independent school in the West Cumbrian village of St Bees. Founded in 1583 by the then Archbishop of Canterbury Edmund Grindal as a boys' "free grammar school", today it is a member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference with around 300 pupils aged...
until the age of sixteen, when he decided to become a sheep farmer in New Zealand. En route in 1925, he came to the United States, but got only as far as Pullman, Washington
Pullman, Washington
Pullman is the largest city in Whitman County, Washington, United States. The population was 24,675 at the 2000 census and 29,799 according to the 2010 census...
, where on the advice of a relative he took a course in animal husbandry at Washington State University
Washington State University
Washington State University is a public research university based in Pullman, Washington, in the Palouse region of the Pacific Northwest. Founded in 1890, WSU is the state's original and largest land-grant university...
. He stayed for five years, earning his bachelor of science
Bachelor of Science
A Bachelor of Science is an undergraduate academic degree awarded for completed courses that generally last three to five years .-Australia:In Australia, the BSc is a 3 year degree, offered from 1st year on...
degree in 1930. Following graduation, Iowa State University
Iowa State University
Iowa State University of Science and Technology, more commonly known as Iowa State University , is a public land-grant and space-grant research university located in Ames, Iowa, United States. Iowa State has produced astronauts, scientists, and Nobel and Pulitzer Prize winners, along with a host of...
appointed him a teaching fellow under the supervision of Jay L. Lush, earning his master of science
Master of Science
A Master of Science is a postgraduate academic master's degree awarded by universities in many countries. The degree is typically studied for in the sciences including the social sciences.-Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay:...
degree in 1931. During this period, he became particularly interested Sewall Wright
Sewall Wright
Sewall Green Wright was an American geneticist known for his influential work on evolutionary theory and also for his work on path analysis. With R. A. Fisher and J.B.S. Haldane, he was a founder of theoretical population genetics. He is the discoverer of the inbreeding coefficient and of...
's approaches to quantitative animal breeding
Animal breeding
Animal breeding is a branch of animal science that addresses the evaluation of the genetic value of domestic livestock...
and population genetics. His interests in selection theory and inbreeding were increased with Sir Ronald Fisher
Ronald Fisher
Sir Ronald Aylmer Fisher FRS was an English statistician, evolutionary biologist, eugenicist and geneticist. Among other things, Fisher is well known for his contributions to statistics by creating Fisher's exact test and Fisher's equation...
's visit to Iowa State during the summer of 1931.
In the autumn of 1931, Chapman went on to further studies at the University of Wisconsin–Madison
University of Wisconsin–Madison
The University of Wisconsin–Madison is a public research university located in Madison, Wisconsin, United States. Founded in 1848, UW–Madison is the flagship campus of the University of Wisconsin System. It became a land-grant institution in 1866...
as a graduate student under Professor Leon J. Cole. Under his direction, Chapman completed his Ph.D.
Ph.D.
A Ph.D. is a Doctor of Philosophy, an academic degree.Ph.D. may also refer to:* Ph.D. , a 1980s British group*Piled Higher and Deeper, a web comic strip*PhD: Phantasy Degree, a Korean comic series* PhD Docbook renderer, an XML renderer...
in 1935.
A year before he completed his degree, Chapman was married on 1 September 1934 to Winifred Mary Rollin (5 January 1911-18 August 2004), the daughter of Hugh and Margaret Rollin of Western Springs, Illinois
Western Springs, Illinois
Western Springs is a suburb of Chicago located in Cook County, Illinois. As of the 2000 census, the village had a total population of 12,493. It is twinned with Rugeley, United Kingdom....
, who had emigrated from Riding Mill
Riding Mill
Riding Mill is a village near Hexham in Northumberland, England. It is served by Riding Mill railway station and by a frequent bus service on the route from Hexham to Newcastle.Riding Mill is notable as the location of Riding Mill pumping station...
, Northumberland
Northumberland
Northumberland is the northernmost ceremonial county and a unitary district in North East England. For Eurostat purposes Northumberland is a NUTS 3 region and is one of three boroughs or unitary districts that comprise the "Northumberland and Tyne and Wear" NUTS 2 region...
, England, in 1913. Winnie and Chappie had three daughters. Through his marriage, Chapman came to spend his summers with his family at Portage Point
Portage Point
Portage Point is an unincorporated summer resort area of Onekama Township, Manistee County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It includes the site of the first town on Portage Lake at It is located on the narrow strip of land between Portage Lake and Lake Michigan developed by the Portage Point...
, Michigan, where his parents-in-law had a summer home and where he became an avid fisherman on Portage Lake
Portage Lake (Michigan)
Portage Lake is a natural lake, located in Onekama Township in Manistee County, Michigan. The village of Onekama, Michigan is situated at the northeastern end of the lake.-History:...
.
Academic career
Upon completing his doctorate, Chapman spent a year of post-doctoral research with Jay L. Lush at Iowa State UniversityIowa State University
Iowa State University of Science and Technology, more commonly known as Iowa State University , is a public land-grant and space-grant research university located in Ames, Iowa, United States. Iowa State has produced astronauts, scientists, and Nobel and Pulitzer Prize winners, along with a host of...
and Sewall Wright
Sewall Wright
Sewall Green Wright was an American geneticist known for his influential work on evolutionary theory and also for his work on path analysis. With R. A. Fisher and J.B.S. Haldane, he was a founder of theoretical population genetics. He is the discoverer of the inbreeding coefficient and of...
at the University of Chicago
University of Chicago
The University of Chicago is a private research university in Chicago, Illinois, USA. It was founded by the American Baptist Education Society with a donation from oil magnate and philanthropist John D. Rockefeller and incorporated in 1890...
. In 1936, Chapman returned to the University of Wisconsin–Madison
University of Wisconsin–Madison
The University of Wisconsin–Madison is a public research university located in Madison, Wisconsin, United States. Founded in 1848, UW–Madison is the flagship campus of the University of Wisconsin System. It became a land-grant institution in 1866...
as a member of the faculty of Animal husbandry
Animal husbandry
Animal husbandry is the agricultural practice of breeding and raising livestock.- History :Animal husbandry has been practiced for thousands of years, since the first domestication of animals....
. He rose to become Professor of Genetics in 1947 and, in 1972, was appointed Professor of Animal Breeding and Genetics in the Department of Meat and Animal Science and the Department of Genetics and Dairy Science. He was appointed professor emeritus in 1975.
Active as a teacher, he had a total of 42 master's degree students and 33 Ph.D. students during his long career at the University of Wisconsin. An active and very popular teacher with students, he taught an undergraduate agricultural short course every winter as well as courses on genetics and animal breeding.
In his research, Chapman was closely associated with that of his colleague Lester Earl Casida, a reproductive physiologist. Together, they taught a large number of students.
Among his many awards, Arthur Chapman received a Rockefeller Foundation
Rockefeller Foundation
The Rockefeller Foundation is a prominent philanthropic organization and private foundation based at 420 Fifth Avenue, New York City. The preeminent institution established by the six-generation Rockefeller family, it was founded by John D. Rockefeller , along with his son John D. Rockefeller, Jr...
Award for teaching and research in Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
in 1960 and a Fulbright Fellowship and a Guggenheim Fellowship
Guggenheim Fellowship
Guggenheim Fellowships are American grants that have been awarded annually since 1925 by the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation to those "who have demonstrated exceptional capacity for productive scholarship or exceptional creative ability in the arts." Each year, the foundation makes...
in New Zealand
New Zealand
New Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses and numerous smaller islands. The country is situated some east of Australia across the Tasman Sea, and roughly south of the Pacific island nations of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga...
in 1966-1967.
Chapman was active in a large number of professional organizations, most importantly the American Society of Animal Science
American Society of Animal Science
The American Society of Animal Science is a non-profit professional organization for the advancement of livestock and meat science. Founded in 1908, ASAS is headquartered in Champaign, Illinois....
, starting with that society's journal, the Journal of Animal Science
Journal of Animal Science
The Journal of Animal Science is a peer-reviewed scientific journal in the field of animal science. It is published by the American Society of Animal Science....
, of which he served as associate editor in 1958-1960 and editor, 1961-1963. The Society awarded him its Animal Breeding and Genetics Award in 1969, its Morrison Award in 1974. He was elected a Fellow of the Society in 1972 and served as the Society's president in 1964-1965.
In addition, he was a member of the Genetics Society of America
Genetics Society of America
The Genetics Society of America is a scholarly membership society of more than 4000 genetics researchers and educators, established in 1931...
, the American Genetic Association
American Genetic Association
The American Genetic Association , formerly the American Breeders' Association, founded 1903, is a USA-based learned society dedicated to the study of genetics. It publishes the Journal of Heredity-History:...
, the International Biometric Society
International Biometric Society
The International Biometric Society is an international professional and academic society promoting the development and application of statistical and mathematical theory and methods in the biosciences....
, the American Dairy Science Association
American Dairy Science Association
The American Dairy Science Association is a non-profit professional organization for the advancement of dairy science. ADSA is headquartered in Savoy, Illinois, located near the Urbana-Champaign, Illinois area....
, the British Society of Animal Production, the New Zealand Society of Animal Production, and the Egyptian Society of Genetics. He was a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
American Association for the Advancement of Science
The American Association for the Advancement of Science is an international non-profit organization with the stated goals of promoting cooperation among scientists, defending scientific freedom, encouraging scientific responsibility, and supporting scientific education and science outreach for the...
, and an honorary member of Sigma Xi
Sigma Xi
Sigma Xi: The Scientific Research Society is a non-profit honor society which was founded in 1886 at Cornell University by a junior faculty member and a handful of graduate students. Members elect others on the basis of their research achievements or potential...
, Alpha Zeta
Alpha Zeta
Alpha Zeta is a professional fraternity for students and industry professionals in the agriculture and natural resources fields. Founded in 1897 at The Ohio State University, Alpha Zeta is the first and oldest collegiate society for agriculture...
, Gamma Alpha
Gamma Alpha
The Gamma Alpha Graduate Scientific Society is a non-profit fraternal organization in the USA which fosters interdisciplinary dialogue among graduate students through its local chapters. The Society’s chapters have often been headquartered in chapter houses, akin to residential cooperatives,...
, Phi Sigma
Phi Sigma
Phi Sigma is an honor society for students of biological sciences. Phi Sigma was founded on March 17, 1915 at Ohio State University. It became a member of the Association of College Honor Societies in 1950. The Greek letter, Phi and Sigma, signify "fellows in science." The coat of arms contains...
, and Gamma Sigma Delta.
Chapman died in Madison, Wisconsin
Madison, Wisconsin
Madison is the capital of the U.S. state of Wisconsin and the county seat of Dane County. It is also home to the University of Wisconsin–Madison....
.
Published works
Chapman published some 125 scientific papers during his career, almost all coauthored with graduate students and colleagues at the University of Wisconsin.In addition, he edited:
Jay L. Lush, General and quantitative genetics, edited by A.B. Chapman. Amsterdam ; New York: Elsevier Science Pub. Co., 1985.
Jay L. Lush, The genetics of populations. Ames: Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, College of Agriculture, Iowa State University, 1994.
And wrote several articles of biographies on the distinguished leaders in his academic field, many of whom had influenced him in his own career:
- G. E. Dickerson and A. B. Chapman, "Sewall Wright, 1889-1988: a brief biography", J Anim Sci 1992 70: 3281-3285.
- A. B. Chapman and G. E. Dickerson, "George Colvin Humphrey, 1875-1947: a brief biography",J Anim Sci 1992 70: 2607-2610.
- A. B. Chapman, "Jay Laurence Lush 1896-1982: a brief biography", J Anim Sci 1991 69: 2671-2676.
- Gordon E. Dickerson and Arthur B. Chapman, "Leon Jacob Cole, 1877–1948: A Brief Biography", J Anim Sci 1989 67: 1653-1656.
Sources
- Obituary, Wisconsin State Journal, 2 January 2005
- "Chapman, UW Star in Animal Genetics, Dies", Wisconsin State Journal, Sunday, 2 January 2005.