Bacterial glutathione transferase
Encyclopedia
Bacterial glutathione transferases (GSTs; EC 2.5.1.18) are part of a superfamily of enzyme
s that play a crucial role in cellular detoxification. The common feature of the GSTs is to catalyse the nucleophilic attack of glutathione
(GSH) on the electrophilic groups of a wide range of molecules.
GSTs are widely distributed in prokaryote
s and are classified into several classes.
In bacteria
, GSTs are involved in a variety of distinct processes such as biotransformation
of toxic compounds, protection against several stresses and antibacterial drug resistance
.
Enzyme
Enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions. In enzymatic reactions, the molecules at the beginning of the process, called substrates, are converted into different molecules, called products. Almost all chemical reactions in a biological cell need enzymes in order to occur at rates...
s that play a crucial role in cellular detoxification. The common feature of the GSTs is to catalyse the nucleophilic attack of glutathione
Glutathione
Glutathione is a tripeptide that contains an unusual peptide linkage between the amine group of cysteine and the carboxyl group of the glutamate side-chain...
(GSH) on the electrophilic groups of a wide range of molecules.
GSTs are widely distributed in prokaryote
Prokaryote
The prokaryotes are a group of organisms that lack a cell nucleus , or any other membrane-bound organelles. The organisms that have a cell nucleus are called eukaryotes. Most prokaryotes are unicellular, but a few such as myxobacteria have multicellular stages in their life cycles...
s and are classified into several classes.
In bacteria
Bacteria
Bacteria are a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a wide range of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals...
, GSTs are involved in a variety of distinct processes such as biotransformation
Biotransformation
Biotransformation is the chemical modification made by an organism on a chemical compound. If this modification ends in mineral compounds like CO2, NH4+, or H2O, the biotransformation is called mineralisation....
of toxic compounds, protection against several stresses and antibacterial drug resistance
Drug resistance
Drug resistance is the reduction in effectiveness of a drug such as an antimicrobial or an antineoplastic in curing a disease or condition. When the drug is not intended to kill or inhibit a pathogen, then the term is equivalent to dosage failure or drug tolerance. More commonly, the term is used...
.