Bainton, Oxfordshire
Encyclopedia
Bainton is a hamlet
comprising a cluster of farms in the civil parish of Stoke Lyne
, about 3 miles (4.8 km) north of the centre of Bicester
.
comes from the Old English for "Bada's farm".
The Domesday Book
records that in 1086 Ghilo de Picquigny
held the manor
of Bainton.
In 1279 Bainton had 17 households. In 1316 18 villagers were assessed to pay tax but by 1520 the figure had fallen to five. By the 1950s Bainton comprised only four farmhouses and a cottage.
In 1530 the manor was sold to Edward Peckham, cofferer
to Henry VIII
and John Williams, later 1st Baron Williams de Thame. In 1613 Edward Ewer of Bucknell
sold the manor to Sir William Cope, 2nd Baronet of Hanwell
for £5,300. A legal dispute between them ensued, which ended with Ewer recovering the manor in 1628. The Ewer family could not afford to keep Bainton, and sold the manor again in 1637.
By the middle of the 17th century Bainton had been converted from arable farming to pasture. This required less labour so the hamlet became depopulated.
Bainton Manor Farm is a coursed
rubblestone
house. It was constructed in either the latter part of the 16th or earlier part of the 17th century, during the Great Rebuilding
of England. It was originally the manor house
. In 1783 John Warde, founder and first Master of the Bicester Hunt, was using it as a hunting-box, Joseph Bullock of Caversfield
had bought the manor and the two men together built stables and kennels there. 330 yards (301.8 m) northwest of the hamlet an obelisk
marks the grave of a favourite foxhound
.
Hamlet (place)
A hamlet is usually a rural settlement which is too small to be considered a village, though sometimes the word is used for a different sort of community. Historically, when a hamlet became large enough to justify building a church, it was then classified as a village...
comprising a cluster of farms in the civil parish of Stoke Lyne
Stoke Lyne
Stoke Lyne is a village and civil parish about north of Bicester, Oxfordshire.-Manor:Tostig Godwinson, Earl of Northumbria owned the manor of Stoke Lyne before the Norman Conquest of England in 1066...
, about 3 miles (4.8 km) north of the centre of Bicester
Bicester
Bicester is a town and civil parish in the Cherwell district of northeastern Oxfordshire in England.This historic market centre is one of the fastest growing towns in Oxfordshire Development has been favoured by its proximity to junction 9 of the M40 motorway linking it to London, Birmingham and...
.
History
The toponymToponymy
Toponymy is the scientific study of place names , their origins, meanings, use and typology. The word "toponymy" is derived from the Greek words tópos and ónoma . Toponymy is itself a branch of onomastics, the study of names of all kinds...
comes from the Old English for "Bada's farm".
The Domesday Book
Domesday Book
Domesday Book , now held at The National Archives, Kew, Richmond upon Thames in South West London, is the record of the great survey of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086...
records that in 1086 Ghilo de Picquigny
Picquigny
Picquigny is a commune in the Somme department in Picardie in northern France.-Geography:Picquigny is situated at the junction of the N235, the D141 and D3 roads, on the banks of the Somme River, some northwest of Amiens...
held the manor
Manorialism
Manorialism, an essential element of feudal society, was the organizing principle of rural economy that originated in the villa system of the Late Roman Empire, was widely practiced in medieval western and parts of central Europe, and was slowly replaced by the advent of a money-based market...
of Bainton.
In 1279 Bainton had 17 households. In 1316 18 villagers were assessed to pay tax but by 1520 the figure had fallen to five. By the 1950s Bainton comprised only four farmhouses and a cottage.
In 1530 the manor was sold to Edward Peckham, cofferer
Cofferer of the Household
The Cofferer of the Household was formerly an office in the English and British Royal Household.The holder had special charge over other officers of the household and was an officer of state and a member of the Privy Council and the Board of Green Cloth....
to Henry VIII
Henry VIII of England
Henry VIII was King of England from 21 April 1509 until his death. He was Lord, and later King, of Ireland, as well as continuing the nominal claim by the English monarchs to the Kingdom of France...
and John Williams, later 1st Baron Williams de Thame. In 1613 Edward Ewer of Bucknell
Bucknell, Oxfordshire
Bucknell is a village and civil parish northwest of Bicester in Oxfordshire, England.-History:After the Norman Conquest of England, William the Conqueror granted the Manor of Bucknell to Robert D'Oyly. In 1300 the Lord of the Manor of Bucknell was Sir Robert d'Amory, father of Roger d'Amory...
sold the manor to Sir William Cope, 2nd Baronet of Hanwell
Hanwell, Oxfordshire
Hanwell is a village and civil parish in Oxfordshire, northwest of Banbury.-Early history:Remains of a substantial Roman villa have been found just west of the B4100 main road....
for £5,300. A legal dispute between them ensued, which ended with Ewer recovering the manor in 1628. The Ewer family could not afford to keep Bainton, and sold the manor again in 1637.
By the middle of the 17th century Bainton had been converted from arable farming to pasture. This required less labour so the hamlet became depopulated.
Bainton Manor Farm is a coursed
Course (architecture)
A course is a continuous horizontal layer of similarly-sized building material one unit high, usually in a wall. The term is almost always used in conjunction with unit masonry such as brick, cut stone, or concrete masonry units .-Styles:...
rubblestone
Rubble masonry
Rubble masonry is rough, unhewn building stone set in mortar, but not laid in regular courses. It may appear as the outer surface of a wall or may fill the core of a wall which is faced with unit masonry such as brick or cut stone....
house. It was constructed in either the latter part of the 16th or earlier part of the 17th century, during the Great Rebuilding
Great Rebuilding
A Great Rebuilding is a period in which a heightened level of building work, architectural change, building or rebuilding occurred.More specifically, W. G. Hoskins defined the term "The Great Rebuilding" in England as the period from the mid-16th century until 1640...
of England. It was originally the manor house
Manor house
A manor house is a country house that historically formed the administrative centre of a manor, the lowest unit of territorial organisation in the feudal system in Europe. The term is applied to country houses that belonged to the gentry and other grand stately homes...
. In 1783 John Warde, founder and first Master of the Bicester Hunt, was using it as a hunting-box, Joseph Bullock of Caversfield
Caversfield
Caversfield is a village and civil parish about north of the centre of Bicester. In 1844 Caversfield became part of Oxfordshire, but until then it was always an exclave of Buckinghamshire entirely surrounded by Oxfordshire.-Early history:...
had bought the manor and the two men together built stables and kennels there. 330 yards (301.8 m) northwest of the hamlet an obelisk
Obelisk
An obelisk is a tall, four-sided, narrow tapering monument which ends in a pyramid-like shape at the top, and is said to resemble a petrified ray of the sun-disk. A pair of obelisks usually stood in front of a pylon...
marks the grave of a favourite foxhound
Foxhound
A foxhound is a type of large hunting hound. Foxhounds hunt in packs and, like all scent hounds, have a strong sense of smell. They are used in hunts for foxes, hence the name. When out hunting they are followed usually on horseback and will travel several miles to catch their target. These dogs...
.