Biosphere Technology
Encyclopedia
Biosphere Technology was invented and developed by Dr. Chris McCormack, the author of numerous original contributions in scientific literature and also the Chairman and CEO of GEECF (Global Environmental Energy Corporation). Biosphere Technology or BioSphere Process (patent pending) was developed and employed in manufacturing of clean energy disposal also known as the "Biosphere MK-V".
This green technology is a gasification
process that harnesses the combustibility of solid wastes to create a heat source that produces an extremely hot steam that will then generate green electricity. It is done in a limited – oxygen environment thereby significantly limiting atmospheric emissions. The entire process starts at the biosphere chamber wherein the solid wastes are entered for thermal transformation to generate the combustible gas, referred as “syngas
” or synthesis gas. This gas consists primarily of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide
and hydrogen and has less than half of this energy density of natural gas. The syngas is then used to produce electricity in a combined cycle gas/steam turbine.
Examples of wastes that can be converted into green energy using this technology are municipal solid waste
, agricultural waste, forestry surpluses or wastes, industrial waste, medical waste materials, and traditional fossil fuels.
) is collected and delivered to a centralized Biosphere process facility. Each facility recycles up to 100% of the total tonnage of MSW collected and economically viable at a little as 5-8 tons/hr which can be constructed in closed facilities of as little as 3000 square feet (278.7 m²).
Stage two: The MSW collected will be sorted to separate compost production, plastics and rubber recovery, metals, and glass. It typically operates at a rate of tons/hour. Each receiving line separates MSW into two feedstock streams comprising putrescible (organic) and non-putrescible (non-organic) materials.
Stage three: All other materials in the waste stream is forced through a Biosphere Densifier 3, which compacts the MSW into 20g flakes with 15-20% moisture termed Biosphere Flakes 4 at the rate of 30 tons/hour, these flakes drive the biosphere process.
Stage four: The biosphere flakes are converted into 1000 (degree) C, 1800 (degree) C flux using a Biosphere Venturi 5. It is designated to produce an inert ash which is then recycled into a concrete products for the building industry, thus ensuring up a 100% recycling of all MSW handled through the biosphere process. With this, it completely replaces traditional landfills and dumpsites as a method of waste disposal.
Stage five: The 1000 (degree) C to 1800 (degree) C flux produced in stage four is then used to power a gas turbine
for micro power generation.
2. High Alloy Steel Wire
3. Carbon Black
4. Green Energy/ Electricity
5. Distilled water
This green technology is a gasification
Gasification
Gasification is a process that converts organic or fossil based carbonaceous materials into carbon monoxide, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and methane. This is achieved by reacting the material at high temperatures , without combustion, with a controlled amount of oxygen and/or steam...
process that harnesses the combustibility of solid wastes to create a heat source that produces an extremely hot steam that will then generate green electricity. It is done in a limited – oxygen environment thereby significantly limiting atmospheric emissions. The entire process starts at the biosphere chamber wherein the solid wastes are entered for thermal transformation to generate the combustible gas, referred as “syngas
Syngas
Syngas is the name given to a gas mixture that contains varying amounts of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. Examples of production methods include steam reforming of natural gas or liquid hydrocarbons to produce hydrogen, the gasification of coal, biomass, and in some types of waste-to-energy...
” or synthesis gas. This gas consists primarily of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide is a naturally occurring chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalently bonded to a single carbon atom...
and hydrogen and has less than half of this energy density of natural gas. The syngas is then used to produce electricity in a combined cycle gas/steam turbine.
Examples of wastes that can be converted into green energy using this technology are municipal solid waste
Municipal solid waste
Municipal solid waste , commonly known as trash or garbage , refuse or rubbish is a waste type consisting of everyday items we consume and discard. It predominantly includes food wastes, yard wastes, containers and product packaging, and other miscellaneous inorganic wastes from residential,...
, agricultural waste, forestry surpluses or wastes, industrial waste, medical waste materials, and traditional fossil fuels.
The Five Stages of the Biosphere Process
Stage one: MSW (Municipal Solid WasteMunicipal solid waste
Municipal solid waste , commonly known as trash or garbage , refuse or rubbish is a waste type consisting of everyday items we consume and discard. It predominantly includes food wastes, yard wastes, containers and product packaging, and other miscellaneous inorganic wastes from residential,...
) is collected and delivered to a centralized Biosphere process facility. Each facility recycles up to 100% of the total tonnage of MSW collected and economically viable at a little as 5-8 tons/hr which can be constructed in closed facilities of as little as 3000 square feet (278.7 m²).
Stage two: The MSW collected will be sorted to separate compost production, plastics and rubber recovery, metals, and glass. It typically operates at a rate of tons/hour. Each receiving line separates MSW into two feedstock streams comprising putrescible (organic) and non-putrescible (non-organic) materials.
Stage three: All other materials in the waste stream is forced through a Biosphere Densifier 3, which compacts the MSW into 20g flakes with 15-20% moisture termed Biosphere Flakes 4 at the rate of 30 tons/hour, these flakes drive the biosphere process.
Stage four: The biosphere flakes are converted into 1000 (degree) C, 1800 (degree) C flux using a Biosphere Venturi 5. It is designated to produce an inert ash which is then recycled into a concrete products for the building industry, thus ensuring up a 100% recycling of all MSW handled through the biosphere process. With this, it completely replaces traditional landfills and dumpsites as a method of waste disposal.
Stage five: The 1000 (degree) C to 1800 (degree) C flux produced in stage four is then used to power a gas turbine
Gas turbine
A gas turbine, also called a combustion turbine, is a type of internal combustion engine. It has an upstream rotating compressor coupled to a downstream turbine, and a combustion chamber in-between....
for micro power generation.
By-Products
1. Pozzolanic AshPozzolana
Pozzolana, also known as pozzolanic ash , is a fine, sandy volcanic ash. Pozzolanic ash was first discovered and dug in Italy, at Pozzuoli. It was later discovered at a number of other sites as well...
2. High Alloy Steel Wire
Steel
Steel is an alloy that consists mostly of iron and has a carbon content between 0.2% and 2.1% by weight, depending on the grade. Carbon is the most common alloying material for iron, but various other alloying elements are used, such as manganese, chromium, vanadium, and tungsten...
3. Carbon Black
Carbon black
Carbon black is a material produced by the incomplete combustion of heavy petroleum products such as FCC tar, coal tar, ethylene cracking tar, and a small amount from vegetable oil. Carbon black is a form of amorphous carbon that has a high surface-area-to-volume ratio, although its...
4. Green Energy/ Electricity
Sustainable energy
Sustainable energy is the provision of energy that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. Sustainable energy sources include all renewable energy sources, such as hydroelectricity, solar energy, wind energy, wave power, geothermal...
5. Distilled water
Distilled water
Distilled water is water that has many of its impurities removed through distillation. Distillation involves boiling the water and then condensing the steam into a clean container.-History:...
See also
- CombustionCombustionCombustion or burning is the sequence of exothermic chemical reactions between a fuel and an oxidant accompanied by the production of heat and conversion of chemical species. The release of heat can result in the production of light in the form of either glowing or a flame...
- Environmental technologyEnvironmental technologyEnvironmental technology or green technology or clean technology is the application of one or more of environmental science, green chemistry, environmental monitoring and electronic devices to monitor, model and conserve the natural environment and resources, and to curb the negative impacts of...
- Environmental waste controlsEnvironmental waste controls-Overview:Environmental Waste Controls plc is a privately held Merseyside- based UK company, who provide waste management and recycling solutions for various types of industry...
- GasificationGasificationGasification is a process that converts organic or fossil based carbonaceous materials into carbon monoxide, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and methane. This is achieved by reacting the material at high temperatures , without combustion, with a controlled amount of oxygen and/or steam...
- History of waste managementHistory of waste managementHistorically, the amount of wastes generated by human population was insignificant mainly due to the low population densities, coupled with the fact there was very little exploitation of natural resources...
- RecyclingRecyclingRecycling is processing used materials into new products to prevent waste of potentially useful materials, reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials, reduce energy usage, reduce air pollution and water pollution by reducing the need for "conventional" waste disposal, and lower greenhouse...
- Renewable energyRenewable energyRenewable energy is energy which comes from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat, which are renewable . About 16% of global final energy consumption comes from renewables, with 10% coming from traditional biomass, which is mainly used for heating, and 3.4% from...
- Sustainable energySustainable energySustainable energy is the provision of energy that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. Sustainable energy sources include all renewable energy sources, such as hydroelectricity, solar energy, wind energy, wave power, geothermal...
- Waste managementWaste managementWaste management is the collection, transport, processing or disposal,managing and monitoring of waste materials. The term usually relates to materials produced by human activity, and the process is generally undertaken to reduce their effect on health, the environment or aesthetics...