Enno Lolling
Encyclopedia
Enno Lolling was a German physician. As a member of the SS
, he served as a lagerarzt
(camp doctor) at Dachau concentration camp. He later headed up the medical division
for all the SS concentration camps. Lolling committed suicide in Flensburg
as the war was ending.
. He studied medicine, passing the state examination in August 1914 at Charité
in Berlin
, the medical school of Humboldt University and the Free University of Berlin
. Continuing his studies in Kiel
, he later received his doctorate.
, serving as a volunteer from 1907 to 1908, then in the Kaiserliche Marine
from April 1, 1908 to January 17, 1919. He began serving as a navy doctor in 1913, earning promotions every year or two as he rose through the ranks to become a naval staff doctor in 1918.
During World War I
, he was an assistant doctor on board the SMS Wittelsbach
till November 1915, then ship doctor on the SMS Pfeil till January 1917, and assistant doctor on the SMS Hannover
till August 1917. Following that, till April 1918, he served as an assistant doctor at the navy hospital in Mürwik, a section of Flensburg. From there, he became an assistant doctor with the First Naval Air Division, serving until June 1918, then as assistant doctor with the Second Coastal Battalion in Flanders
until the end of the war. At the end of January 1919, he left the army and began working as a doctor in Neustrelitz
.
in 1923 and on August 28, 1933, he joined the SS as member No. 179,765.
On September 13, 1936, Lolling was named Hauptsturmführer
. From May 2, 1936 till May 29, he completed an exercise at the Reichsmarine
. On July 30, 1936, he had to assert that he had been free from morphine
since 1932 and therefore was not addicted.
Lolling was accepted as a general practitioner
and in September 1936, was appointed SS squadron doctor and medic with the SS-Verfügungstruppe
at the SS military academy in Bad Tölz
. In early November 1936, he became a doctor at the SS military hospital in Dachau
.
In early 1939, Lolling was deployed with the 3rd SS Division Totenkopf
. From May 6, 1940 to February 11, 1941, he worked as a camp doctor at Dachau concentration camp. On February 12, 1941, he was appointed by the SS-Führungshauptamt to be the chief camp physician at Sachsenhausen concentration camp
.
In early June 1941, Lolling became the chief physician at the Concentration Camps Inspectorate
. On March 3, 1942, he was put in charge of Amt D III of the SS-Wirtschafts-Verwaltungshauptamt
for Medical Services and Camp Hygiene, with headquarters at Oranienburg
, at the edge of Sachsenhausen concentration camp. With this promotion, he was put in charge of all medical units and doctors at all SS concentration camps
. From May to July 1942, he was forced to take a leave of absence because of a serious illness. Julius Muthig took over during this period. On November 9, 1943 Lolling was promoted to the rank of SS-Standartenführer, but continued in his same position at Amt D III.
After this final promotion, Lolling ordered a collection of human skins with tattoos to be prepared in different ways and sent to Berlin. Hundreds were prepared. Healthy prisoners were killed with an injection to the heart, so as not to damage the tattoos. Lollo also ordered SS doctors to experiment with shrinking human heads and at least three were shrunk.
Lolling was responsible for assigning doctors to the various SS-run concentration camps. He was superior to the Standortarzt at each camp, who in turn, were superior to the camp doctors assigned to them. During the Hamburg Ravensbrück Trials, he was repeatedly named by the accused as the medical person in authority.
On May 27, 1945, Lolling committed suicide at the reserve army hospital in Flenburg. He was 56.
– May 27, 1945) was a German physician. As a member of the SS
, he served as a lagerarzt
(camp doctor) at Dachau concentration camp. He later headed up the medical division
for all the SS concentration camps. Lolling committed suicide in Flensburg
as the war was ending.
. He studied medicine, passing the state examination in August 1914 at Charité
in Berlin
, the medical school of Humboldt University and the Free University of Berlin
. Continuing his studies in Kiel
, he later received his doctorate.
, serving as a volunteer from 1907 to 1908, then in the Kaiserliche Marine
from April 1, 1908 to January 17, 1919. He began serving as a navy doctor in 1913, earning promotions every year or two as he rose through the ranks to become a naval staff doctor in 1918.
During World War I
, he was an assistant doctor on board the SMS Wittelsbach
till November 1915, then ship doctor on the SMS Pfeil till January 1917, and assistant doctor on the SMS Hannover
till August 1917. Following that, till April 1918, he served as an assistant doctor at the navy hospital in Mürwik, a section of Flensburg. From there, he became an assistant doctor with the First Naval Air Division, serving until June 1918, then as assistant doctor with the Second Coastal Battalion in Flanders
until the end of the war. At the end of January 1919, he left the army and began working as a doctor in Neustrelitz
.
in 1923 and on August 28, 1933, he joined the SS as member No. 179,765.
On September 13, 1936, Lolling was named Hauptsturmführer
. From May 2, 1936 till May 29, he completed an exercise at the Reichsmarine
. On July 30, 1936, he had to assert that he had been free from morphine
since 1932 and therefore was not addicted.
Lolling was accepted as a general practitioner
and in September 1936, was appointed SS squadron doctor and medic with the SS-Verfügungstruppe
at the SS military academy in Bad Tölz
. In early November 1936, he became a doctor at the SS military hospital in Dachau
.
In early 1939, Lolling was deployed with the 3rd SS Division Totenkopf
. From May 6, 1940 to February 11, 1941, he worked as a camp doctor at Dachau concentration camp. On February 12, 1941, he was appointed by the SS-Führungshauptamt to be the chief camp physician at Sachsenhausen concentration camp
.
In early June 1941, Lolling became the chief physician at the Concentration Camps Inspectorate
. On March 3, 1942, he was put in charge of Amt D III of the SS-Wirtschafts-Verwaltungshauptamt
for Medical Services and Camp Hygiene, with headquarters at Oranienburg
, at the edge of Sachsenhausen concentration camp. With this promotion, he was put in charge of all medical units and doctors at all SS concentration camps
. From May to July 1942, he was forced to take a leave of absence because of a serious illness. Julius Muthig took over during this period. On November 9, 1943 Lolling was promoted to the rank of SS-Standartenführer, but continued in his same position at Amt D III.
After this final promotion, Lolling ordered a collection of human skins with tattoos to be prepared in different ways and sent to Berlin. Hundreds were prepared. Healthy prisoners were killed with an injection to the heart, so as not to damage the tattoos. Lollo also ordered SS doctors to experiment with shrinking human heads and at least three were shrunk.
Lolling was responsible for assigning doctors to the various SS-run concentration camps. He was superior to the Standortarzt at each camp, who in turn, were superior to the camp doctors assigned to them. During the Hamburg Ravensbrück Trials, he was repeatedly named by the accused as the medical person in authority.
On May 27, 1945, Lolling committed suicide at the reserve army hospital in Flenburg. He was 56.
– May 27, 1945) was a German physician. As a member of the SS
, he served as a lagerarzt
(camp doctor) at Dachau concentration camp. He later headed up the medical division
for all the SS concentration camps. Lolling committed suicide in Flensburg
as the war was ending.
. He studied medicine, passing the state examination in August 1914 at Charité
in Berlin
, the medical school of Humboldt University and the Free University of Berlin
. Continuing his studies in Kiel
, he later received his doctorate.
, serving as a volunteer from 1907 to 1908, then in the Kaiserliche Marine
from April 1, 1908 to January 17, 1919. He began serving as a navy doctor in 1913, earning promotions every year or two as he rose through the ranks to become a naval staff doctor in 1918.
During World War I
, he was an assistant doctor on board the SMS Wittelsbach
till November 1915, then ship doctor on the SMS Pfeil till January 1917, and assistant doctor on the SMS Hannover
till August 1917. Following that, till April 1918, he served as an assistant doctor at the navy hospital in Mürwik, a section of Flensburg. From there, he became an assistant doctor with the First Naval Air Division, serving until June 1918, then as assistant doctor with the Second Coastal Battalion in Flanders
until the end of the war. At the end of January 1919, he left the army and began working as a doctor in Neustrelitz
.
in 1923 and on August 28, 1933, he joined the SS as member No. 179,765.
On September 13, 1936, Lolling was named Hauptsturmführer
. From May 2, 1936 till May 29, he completed an exercise at the Reichsmarine
. On July 30, 1936, he had to assert that he had been free from morphine
since 1932 and therefore was not addicted.
Lolling was accepted as a general practitioner
and in September 1936, was appointed SS squadron doctor and medic with the SS-Verfügungstruppe
at the SS military academy in Bad Tölz
. In early November 1936, he became a doctor at the SS military hospital in Dachau
.
In early 1939, Lolling was deployed with the 3rd SS Division Totenkopf
. From May 6, 1940 to February 11, 1941, he worked as a camp doctor at Dachau concentration camp. On February 12, 1941, he was appointed by the SS-Führungshauptamt to be the chief camp physician at Sachsenhausen concentration camp
.
In early June 1941, Lolling became the chief physician at the Concentration Camps Inspectorate
. On March 3, 1942, he was put in charge of Amt D III of the SS-Wirtschafts-Verwaltungshauptamt
for Medical Services and Camp Hygiene, with headquarters at Oranienburg
, at the edge of Sachsenhausen concentration camp. With this promotion, he was put in charge of all medical units and doctors at all SS concentration camps
. From May to July 1942, he was forced to take a leave of absence because of a serious illness. Julius Muthig took over during this period. On November 9, 1943 Lolling was promoted to the rank of SS-Standartenführer, but continued in his same position at Amt D III.
After this final promotion, Lolling ordered a collection of human skins with tattoos to be prepared in different ways and sent to Berlin. Hundreds were prepared. Healthy prisoners were killed with an injection to the heart, so as not to damage the tattoos. Lollo also ordered SS doctors to experiment with shrinking human heads and at least three were shrunk.
Lolling was responsible for assigning doctors to the various SS-run concentration camps. He was superior to the Standortarzt at each camp, who in turn, were superior to the camp doctors assigned to them. During the Hamburg Ravensbrück Trials, he was repeatedly named by the accused as the medical person in authority.
On May 27, 1945, Lolling committed suicide at the reserve army hospital in Flenburg. He was 56.
Schutzstaffel
The Schutzstaffel |Sig runes]]) was a major paramilitary organization under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party. Built upon the Nazi ideology, the SS under Heinrich Himmler's command was responsible for many of the crimes against humanity during World War II...
, he served as a lagerarzt
Sanitätswesen
The Sanitätswesen was one of the five divisions of a Nazi concentration and extermination camp organization during the Third Reich...
(camp doctor) at Dachau concentration camp. He later headed up the medical division
Sanitätswesen
The Sanitätswesen was one of the five divisions of a Nazi concentration and extermination camp organization during the Third Reich...
for all the SS concentration camps. Lolling committed suicide in Flensburg
Flensburg
Flensburg is an independent town in the north of the German state of Schleswig-Holstein. Flensburg is the centre of the region of Southern Schleswig...
as the war was ending.
Biography
Lolling was born in Cologne. He attended gymnasium, graduating in 1905 with his abiturAbitur
Abitur is a designation used in Germany, Finland and Estonia for final exams that pupils take at the end of their secondary education, usually after 12 or 13 years of schooling, see also for Germany Abitur after twelve years.The Zeugnis der Allgemeinen Hochschulreife, often referred to as...
. He studied medicine, passing the state examination in August 1914 at Charité
Charité
The Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin is the medical school for both the Humboldt University and the Free University of Berlin. After the merger with their fourth campus in 2003, the Charité is one of the largest university hospitals in Europe....
in Berlin
Berlin
Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union...
, the medical school of Humboldt University and the Free University of Berlin
Free University of Berlin
Freie Universität Berlin is one of the leading and most prestigious research universities in Germany and continental Europe. It distinguishes itself through its modern and international character. It is the largest of the four universities in Berlin. Research at the university is focused on the...
. Continuing his studies in Kiel
Kiel
Kiel is the capital and most populous city in the northern German state of Schleswig-Holstein, with a population of 238,049 .Kiel is approximately north of Hamburg. Due to its geographic location in the north of Germany, the southeast of the Jutland peninsula, and the southwestern shore of the...
, he later received his doctorate.
Military service
Lolling served in the German armyGerman Army
The German Army is the land component of the armed forces of the Federal Republic of Germany. Following the disbanding of the Wehrmacht after World War II, it was re-established in 1955 as the Bundesheer, part of the newly formed West German Bundeswehr along with the Navy and the Air Force...
, serving as a volunteer from 1907 to 1908, then in the Kaiserliche Marine
Kaiserliche Marine
The Imperial German Navy was the German Navy created at the time of the formation of the German Empire. It existed between 1871 and 1919, growing out of the small Prussian Navy and Norddeutsche Bundesmarine, which primarily had the mission of coastal defense. Kaiser Wilhelm II greatly expanded...
from April 1, 1908 to January 17, 1919. He began serving as a navy doctor in 1913, earning promotions every year or two as he rose through the ranks to become a naval staff doctor in 1918.
During World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
, he was an assistant doctor on board the SMS Wittelsbach
SMS Wittelsbach
SMS Wittelsbach was the lead ship of the Wittelsbach-class of pre-dreadnought battleships of the Kaiserliche Marine. Wittelsbach was built at Wilhelmshaven Navy Dockyard. She was laid down in 1899 and completed in October 1902, at the cost of 22,740,000 marks...
till November 1915, then ship doctor on the SMS Pfeil till January 1917, and assistant doctor on the SMS Hannover
SMS Hannover
SMS Hannover was the second of five Deutschland-class pre-dreadnoughts of the German Imperial Navy . Hannover and the three subsequently constructed ships differed slightly in both design and construction from the lead ship in their propulsion systems and slightly thicker armor...
till August 1917. Following that, till April 1918, he served as an assistant doctor at the navy hospital in Mürwik, a section of Flensburg. From there, he became an assistant doctor with the First Naval Air Division, serving until June 1918, then as assistant doctor with the Second Coastal Battalion in Flanders
Flanders
Flanders is the community of the Flemings but also one of the institutions in Belgium, and a geographical region located in parts of present-day Belgium, France and the Netherlands. "Flanders" can also refer to the northern part of Belgium that contains Brussels, Bruges, Ghent and Antwerp...
until the end of the war. At the end of January 1919, he left the army and began working as a doctor in Neustrelitz
Neustrelitz
Neustrelitz is a town in the Mecklenburgische Seenplatte district in the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. It is situated on the shore of the Zierker See in the Mecklenburg Lake District. From 1738 until 1918 it was the capital of the duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz...
.
Nazi era
Lolling joined the Nazi Party in 1931, becoming member No. 4,691,483. He had already joined the SASturmabteilung
The Sturmabteilung functioned as a paramilitary organization of the National Socialist German Workers' Party . It played a key role in Adolf Hitler's rise to power in the 1920s and 1930s...
in 1923 and on August 28, 1933, he joined the SS as member No. 179,765.
On September 13, 1936, Lolling was named Hauptsturmführer
Hauptsturmführer
Hauptsturmführer was a Nazi rank of the SS which was used between the years of 1934 and 1945. The rank of Hauptsturmführer was a mid-grade company level officer and was the equivalent of a Captain in the German Army and also the equivalent of captain in foreign armies...
. From May 2, 1936 till May 29, he completed an exercise at the Reichsmarine
Reichsmarine
The Reichsmarine was the name of the German Navy during the Weimar Republic and first two years of Nazi Germany. It was the naval branch of the Reichswehr, existing from 1918 to 1935...
. On July 30, 1936, he had to assert that he had been free from morphine
Morphine
Morphine is a potent opiate analgesic medication and is considered to be the prototypical opioid. It was first isolated in 1804 by Friedrich Sertürner, first distributed by same in 1817, and first commercially sold by Merck in 1827, which at the time was a single small chemists' shop. It was more...
since 1932 and therefore was not addicted.
Lolling was accepted as a general practitioner
General practitioner
A general practitioner is a medical practitioner who treats acute and chronic illnesses and provides preventive care and health education for all ages and both sexes. They have particular skills in treating people with multiple health issues and comorbidities...
and in September 1936, was appointed SS squadron doctor and medic with the SS-Verfügungstruppe
SS-Verfügungstruppe
The SS-Verfügungstruppe was formed in 1934 as combat troops for the NSDAP. By 1940 these military SS units had become the nucleus of the Waffen-SS....
at the SS military academy in Bad Tölz
Bad Tölz
Bad Tölz is a town in Bavaria, Germany, and administrative center of the district of Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen.- History :Since the retreat of the glaciers at the end of the Ice Age, archaeology has shown continuous occupation of the site of Bad Tölz...
. In early November 1936, he became a doctor at the SS military hospital in Dachau
Dachau
Dachau is a town in Upper Bavaria, in the southern part of Germany. It is a major district town—a Große Kreisstadt—of the administrative region of Upper Bavaria, about 20 km north-west of Munich. It is now a popular residential area for people working in Munich with roughly 40,000 inhabitants...
.
In early 1939, Lolling was deployed with the 3rd SS Division Totenkopf
3rd SS Division Totenkopf
The SS Division Totenkopf , also known as 3. SS-Panzergrenadier-Division Totenkopf and 3. SS-Panzer-Division Totenkopf, was one of the 38 divisions fielded by the Waffen-SS during World War II. Prior to achieving division status, the formation was known as Kampfgruppe Eicke...
. From May 6, 1940 to February 11, 1941, he worked as a camp doctor at Dachau concentration camp. On February 12, 1941, he was appointed by the SS-Führungshauptamt to be the chief camp physician at Sachsenhausen concentration camp
Sachsenhausen concentration camp
Sachsenhausen or Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg was a Nazi concentration camp in Oranienburg, Germany, used primarily for political prisoners from 1936 to the end of the Third Reich in May, 1945. After World War II, when Oranienburg was in the Soviet Occupation Zone, the structure was used as an NKVD...
.
In early June 1941, Lolling became the chief physician at the Concentration Camps Inspectorate
Concentration Camps Inspectorate
The Concentration Camps Inspectorate was the central SS administrative and managerial authority for the concentration camps of the Third Reich. Created by Theodor Eicke, it was originally known as the "General Inspection of the Enhanced SS-Totenkopfstandarten, after Eicke's position in the SS...
. On March 3, 1942, he was put in charge of Amt D III of the SS-Wirtschafts-Verwaltungshauptamt
SS-Wirtschafts-Verwaltungshauptamt
The SS-Wirtschafts-Verwaltungshauptamt was responsible for managing the finances, supply systems and business projects for the Allgemeine-SS...
for Medical Services and Camp Hygiene, with headquarters at Oranienburg
Oranienburg
Oranienburg is a town in Brandenburg, Germany. It is the capital of the district of Oberhavel.- Geography :Oranienburg is a town located on the banks of the Havel river, 35 km north of the centre of Berlin.- Division of the town :...
, at the edge of Sachsenhausen concentration camp. With this promotion, he was put in charge of all medical units and doctors at all SS concentration camps
Nazi concentration camps
Nazi Germany maintained concentration camps throughout the territories it controlled. The first Nazi concentration camps set up in Germany were greatly expanded after the Reichstag fire of 1933, and were intended to hold political prisoners and opponents of the regime...
. From May to July 1942, he was forced to take a leave of absence because of a serious illness. Julius Muthig took over during this period. On November 9, 1943 Lolling was promoted to the rank of SS-Standartenführer, but continued in his same position at Amt D III.
After this final promotion, Lolling ordered a collection of human skins with tattoos to be prepared in different ways and sent to Berlin. Hundreds were prepared. Healthy prisoners were killed with an injection to the heart, so as not to damage the tattoos. Lollo also ordered SS doctors to experiment with shrinking human heads and at least three were shrunk.
Lolling was responsible for assigning doctors to the various SS-run concentration camps. He was superior to the Standortarzt at each camp, who in turn, were superior to the camp doctors assigned to them. During the Hamburg Ravensbrück Trials, he was repeatedly named by the accused as the medical person in authority.
On May 27, 1945, Lolling committed suicide at the reserve army hospital in Flenburg. He was 56.
Sources
- Johannes Tuchel, Konzentrationslager. Band 39 von Konzentrationslager: Organisationsgeschichte und Funktion der Inspektion der Konzentrationslager 1934-1938, H. Boldt, Boppard am Rhein (1991) ISBN 3764619023
- Ernst KleeErnst KleeErnst Klee is a German journalist and author. As a writer on Germany's history, he is best known for his exposure and documentation of the medical crimes of Adolf Hitler's Third Reich, much of which is concerned with the Action T4 forced euthanasia program.-Life and work:Klee was first trained as...
, Das Personenlexikon zum Dritten Reich: Wer war was vor und nach 1945, Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main (2007) ISBN 978-3-596-16048-8 - Schäfer, Silke, Zum Selbstverständnis von Frauen im Konzentrationslager. Das Lager Ravensbrück (PDF) Dissertation. Berlin (2002)
- Taake, Claudia, Angeklagt: SS-Frauen vor Gericht, Oldenburg (1998) ISBN 3-8142-0640-1
External links
Enno Lolling (July 19, 1888, CologneCologne
Cologne is Germany's fourth-largest city , and is the largest city both in the Germany Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia and within the Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Area, one of the major European metropolitan areas with more than ten million inhabitants.Cologne is located on both sides of the...
– May 27, 1945) was a German physician. As a member of the SS
Schutzstaffel
The Schutzstaffel |Sig runes]]) was a major paramilitary organization under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party. Built upon the Nazi ideology, the SS under Heinrich Himmler's command was responsible for many of the crimes against humanity during World War II...
, he served as a lagerarzt
Sanitätswesen
The Sanitätswesen was one of the five divisions of a Nazi concentration and extermination camp organization during the Third Reich...
(camp doctor) at Dachau concentration camp. He later headed up the medical division
Sanitätswesen
The Sanitätswesen was one of the five divisions of a Nazi concentration and extermination camp organization during the Third Reich...
for all the SS concentration camps. Lolling committed suicide in Flensburg
Flensburg
Flensburg is an independent town in the north of the German state of Schleswig-Holstein. Flensburg is the centre of the region of Southern Schleswig...
as the war was ending.
Biography
Lolling was born in Cologne. He attended gymnasium, graduating in 1905 with his abiturAbitur
Abitur is a designation used in Germany, Finland and Estonia for final exams that pupils take at the end of their secondary education, usually after 12 or 13 years of schooling, see also for Germany Abitur after twelve years.The Zeugnis der Allgemeinen Hochschulreife, often referred to as...
. He studied medicine, passing the state examination in August 1914 at Charité
Charité
The Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin is the medical school for both the Humboldt University and the Free University of Berlin. After the merger with their fourth campus in 2003, the Charité is one of the largest university hospitals in Europe....
in Berlin
Berlin
Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union...
, the medical school of Humboldt University and the Free University of Berlin
Free University of Berlin
Freie Universität Berlin is one of the leading and most prestigious research universities in Germany and continental Europe. It distinguishes itself through its modern and international character. It is the largest of the four universities in Berlin. Research at the university is focused on the...
. Continuing his studies in Kiel
Kiel
Kiel is the capital and most populous city in the northern German state of Schleswig-Holstein, with a population of 238,049 .Kiel is approximately north of Hamburg. Due to its geographic location in the north of Germany, the southeast of the Jutland peninsula, and the southwestern shore of the...
, he later received his doctorate.
Military service
Lolling served in the German armyGerman Army
The German Army is the land component of the armed forces of the Federal Republic of Germany. Following the disbanding of the Wehrmacht after World War II, it was re-established in 1955 as the Bundesheer, part of the newly formed West German Bundeswehr along with the Navy and the Air Force...
, serving as a volunteer from 1907 to 1908, then in the Kaiserliche Marine
Kaiserliche Marine
The Imperial German Navy was the German Navy created at the time of the formation of the German Empire. It existed between 1871 and 1919, growing out of the small Prussian Navy and Norddeutsche Bundesmarine, which primarily had the mission of coastal defense. Kaiser Wilhelm II greatly expanded...
from April 1, 1908 to January 17, 1919. He began serving as a navy doctor in 1913, earning promotions every year or two as he rose through the ranks to become a naval staff doctor in 1918.
During World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
, he was an assistant doctor on board the SMS Wittelsbach
SMS Wittelsbach
SMS Wittelsbach was the lead ship of the Wittelsbach-class of pre-dreadnought battleships of the Kaiserliche Marine. Wittelsbach was built at Wilhelmshaven Navy Dockyard. She was laid down in 1899 and completed in October 1902, at the cost of 22,740,000 marks...
till November 1915, then ship doctor on the SMS Pfeil till January 1917, and assistant doctor on the SMS Hannover
SMS Hannover
SMS Hannover was the second of five Deutschland-class pre-dreadnoughts of the German Imperial Navy . Hannover and the three subsequently constructed ships differed slightly in both design and construction from the lead ship in their propulsion systems and slightly thicker armor...
till August 1917. Following that, till April 1918, he served as an assistant doctor at the navy hospital in Mürwik, a section of Flensburg. From there, he became an assistant doctor with the First Naval Air Division, serving until June 1918, then as assistant doctor with the Second Coastal Battalion in Flanders
Flanders
Flanders is the community of the Flemings but also one of the institutions in Belgium, and a geographical region located in parts of present-day Belgium, France and the Netherlands. "Flanders" can also refer to the northern part of Belgium that contains Brussels, Bruges, Ghent and Antwerp...
until the end of the war. At the end of January 1919, he left the army and began working as a doctor in Neustrelitz
Neustrelitz
Neustrelitz is a town in the Mecklenburgische Seenplatte district in the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. It is situated on the shore of the Zierker See in the Mecklenburg Lake District. From 1738 until 1918 it was the capital of the duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz...
.
Nazi era
Lolling joined the Nazi Party in 1931, becoming member No. 4,691,483. He had already joined the SASturmabteilung
The Sturmabteilung functioned as a paramilitary organization of the National Socialist German Workers' Party . It played a key role in Adolf Hitler's rise to power in the 1920s and 1930s...
in 1923 and on August 28, 1933, he joined the SS as member No. 179,765.
On September 13, 1936, Lolling was named Hauptsturmführer
Hauptsturmführer
Hauptsturmführer was a Nazi rank of the SS which was used between the years of 1934 and 1945. The rank of Hauptsturmführer was a mid-grade company level officer and was the equivalent of a Captain in the German Army and also the equivalent of captain in foreign armies...
. From May 2, 1936 till May 29, he completed an exercise at the Reichsmarine
Reichsmarine
The Reichsmarine was the name of the German Navy during the Weimar Republic and first two years of Nazi Germany. It was the naval branch of the Reichswehr, existing from 1918 to 1935...
. On July 30, 1936, he had to assert that he had been free from morphine
Morphine
Morphine is a potent opiate analgesic medication and is considered to be the prototypical opioid. It was first isolated in 1804 by Friedrich Sertürner, first distributed by same in 1817, and first commercially sold by Merck in 1827, which at the time was a single small chemists' shop. It was more...
since 1932 and therefore was not addicted.
Lolling was accepted as a general practitioner
General practitioner
A general practitioner is a medical practitioner who treats acute and chronic illnesses and provides preventive care and health education for all ages and both sexes. They have particular skills in treating people with multiple health issues and comorbidities...
and in September 1936, was appointed SS squadron doctor and medic with the SS-Verfügungstruppe
SS-Verfügungstruppe
The SS-Verfügungstruppe was formed in 1934 as combat troops for the NSDAP. By 1940 these military SS units had become the nucleus of the Waffen-SS....
at the SS military academy in Bad Tölz
Bad Tölz
Bad Tölz is a town in Bavaria, Germany, and administrative center of the district of Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen.- History :Since the retreat of the glaciers at the end of the Ice Age, archaeology has shown continuous occupation of the site of Bad Tölz...
. In early November 1936, he became a doctor at the SS military hospital in Dachau
Dachau
Dachau is a town in Upper Bavaria, in the southern part of Germany. It is a major district town—a Große Kreisstadt—of the administrative region of Upper Bavaria, about 20 km north-west of Munich. It is now a popular residential area for people working in Munich with roughly 40,000 inhabitants...
.
In early 1939, Lolling was deployed with the 3rd SS Division Totenkopf
3rd SS Division Totenkopf
The SS Division Totenkopf , also known as 3. SS-Panzergrenadier-Division Totenkopf and 3. SS-Panzer-Division Totenkopf, was one of the 38 divisions fielded by the Waffen-SS during World War II. Prior to achieving division status, the formation was known as Kampfgruppe Eicke...
. From May 6, 1940 to February 11, 1941, he worked as a camp doctor at Dachau concentration camp. On February 12, 1941, he was appointed by the SS-Führungshauptamt to be the chief camp physician at Sachsenhausen concentration camp
Sachsenhausen concentration camp
Sachsenhausen or Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg was a Nazi concentration camp in Oranienburg, Germany, used primarily for political prisoners from 1936 to the end of the Third Reich in May, 1945. After World War II, when Oranienburg was in the Soviet Occupation Zone, the structure was used as an NKVD...
.
In early June 1941, Lolling became the chief physician at the Concentration Camps Inspectorate
Concentration Camps Inspectorate
The Concentration Camps Inspectorate was the central SS administrative and managerial authority for the concentration camps of the Third Reich. Created by Theodor Eicke, it was originally known as the "General Inspection of the Enhanced SS-Totenkopfstandarten, after Eicke's position in the SS...
. On March 3, 1942, he was put in charge of Amt D III of the SS-Wirtschafts-Verwaltungshauptamt
SS-Wirtschafts-Verwaltungshauptamt
The SS-Wirtschafts-Verwaltungshauptamt was responsible for managing the finances, supply systems and business projects for the Allgemeine-SS...
for Medical Services and Camp Hygiene, with headquarters at Oranienburg
Oranienburg
Oranienburg is a town in Brandenburg, Germany. It is the capital of the district of Oberhavel.- Geography :Oranienburg is a town located on the banks of the Havel river, 35 km north of the centre of Berlin.- Division of the town :...
, at the edge of Sachsenhausen concentration camp. With this promotion, he was put in charge of all medical units and doctors at all SS concentration camps
Nazi concentration camps
Nazi Germany maintained concentration camps throughout the territories it controlled. The first Nazi concentration camps set up in Germany were greatly expanded after the Reichstag fire of 1933, and were intended to hold political prisoners and opponents of the regime...
. From May to July 1942, he was forced to take a leave of absence because of a serious illness. Julius Muthig took over during this period. On November 9, 1943 Lolling was promoted to the rank of SS-Standartenführer, but continued in his same position at Amt D III.
After this final promotion, Lolling ordered a collection of human skins with tattoos to be prepared in different ways and sent to Berlin. Hundreds were prepared. Healthy prisoners were killed with an injection to the heart, so as not to damage the tattoos. Lollo also ordered SS doctors to experiment with shrinking human heads and at least three were shrunk.
Lolling was responsible for assigning doctors to the various SS-run concentration camps. He was superior to the Standortarzt at each camp, who in turn, were superior to the camp doctors assigned to them. During the Hamburg Ravensbrück Trials, he was repeatedly named by the accused as the medical person in authority.
On May 27, 1945, Lolling committed suicide at the reserve army hospital in Flenburg. He was 56.
Sources
- Johannes Tuchel, Konzentrationslager. Band 39 von Konzentrationslager: Organisationsgeschichte und Funktion der Inspektion der Konzentrationslager 1934-1938, H. Boldt, Boppard am Rhein (1991) ISBN 3764619023
- Ernst KleeErnst KleeErnst Klee is a German journalist and author. As a writer on Germany's history, he is best known for his exposure and documentation of the medical crimes of Adolf Hitler's Third Reich, much of which is concerned with the Action T4 forced euthanasia program.-Life and work:Klee was first trained as...
, Das Personenlexikon zum Dritten Reich: Wer war was vor und nach 1945, Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main (2007) ISBN 978-3-596-16048-8 - Schäfer, Silke, Zum Selbstverständnis von Frauen im Konzentrationslager. Das Lager Ravensbrück (PDF) Dissertation. Berlin (2002)
- Taake, Claudia, Angeklagt: SS-Frauen vor Gericht, Oldenburg (1998) ISBN 3-8142-0640-1
External links
Enno Lolling (July 19, 1888, CologneCologne
Cologne is Germany's fourth-largest city , and is the largest city both in the Germany Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia and within the Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Area, one of the major European metropolitan areas with more than ten million inhabitants.Cologne is located on both sides of the...
– May 27, 1945) was a German physician. As a member of the SS
Schutzstaffel
The Schutzstaffel |Sig runes]]) was a major paramilitary organization under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party. Built upon the Nazi ideology, the SS under Heinrich Himmler's command was responsible for many of the crimes against humanity during World War II...
, he served as a lagerarzt
Sanitätswesen
The Sanitätswesen was one of the five divisions of a Nazi concentration and extermination camp organization during the Third Reich...
(camp doctor) at Dachau concentration camp. He later headed up the medical division
Sanitätswesen
The Sanitätswesen was one of the five divisions of a Nazi concentration and extermination camp organization during the Third Reich...
for all the SS concentration camps. Lolling committed suicide in Flensburg
Flensburg
Flensburg is an independent town in the north of the German state of Schleswig-Holstein. Flensburg is the centre of the region of Southern Schleswig...
as the war was ending.
Biography
Lolling was born in Cologne. He attended gymnasium, graduating in 1905 with his abiturAbitur
Abitur is a designation used in Germany, Finland and Estonia for final exams that pupils take at the end of their secondary education, usually after 12 or 13 years of schooling, see also for Germany Abitur after twelve years.The Zeugnis der Allgemeinen Hochschulreife, often referred to as...
. He studied medicine, passing the state examination in August 1914 at Charité
Charité
The Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin is the medical school for both the Humboldt University and the Free University of Berlin. After the merger with their fourth campus in 2003, the Charité is one of the largest university hospitals in Europe....
in Berlin
Berlin
Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union...
, the medical school of Humboldt University and the Free University of Berlin
Free University of Berlin
Freie Universität Berlin is one of the leading and most prestigious research universities in Germany and continental Europe. It distinguishes itself through its modern and international character. It is the largest of the four universities in Berlin. Research at the university is focused on the...
. Continuing his studies in Kiel
Kiel
Kiel is the capital and most populous city in the northern German state of Schleswig-Holstein, with a population of 238,049 .Kiel is approximately north of Hamburg. Due to its geographic location in the north of Germany, the southeast of the Jutland peninsula, and the southwestern shore of the...
, he later received his doctorate.
Military service
Lolling served in the German armyGerman Army
The German Army is the land component of the armed forces of the Federal Republic of Germany. Following the disbanding of the Wehrmacht after World War II, it was re-established in 1955 as the Bundesheer, part of the newly formed West German Bundeswehr along with the Navy and the Air Force...
, serving as a volunteer from 1907 to 1908, then in the Kaiserliche Marine
Kaiserliche Marine
The Imperial German Navy was the German Navy created at the time of the formation of the German Empire. It existed between 1871 and 1919, growing out of the small Prussian Navy and Norddeutsche Bundesmarine, which primarily had the mission of coastal defense. Kaiser Wilhelm II greatly expanded...
from April 1, 1908 to January 17, 1919. He began serving as a navy doctor in 1913, earning promotions every year or two as he rose through the ranks to become a naval staff doctor in 1918.
During World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
, he was an assistant doctor on board the SMS Wittelsbach
SMS Wittelsbach
SMS Wittelsbach was the lead ship of the Wittelsbach-class of pre-dreadnought battleships of the Kaiserliche Marine. Wittelsbach was built at Wilhelmshaven Navy Dockyard. She was laid down in 1899 and completed in October 1902, at the cost of 22,740,000 marks...
till November 1915, then ship doctor on the SMS Pfeil till January 1917, and assistant doctor on the SMS Hannover
SMS Hannover
SMS Hannover was the second of five Deutschland-class pre-dreadnoughts of the German Imperial Navy . Hannover and the three subsequently constructed ships differed slightly in both design and construction from the lead ship in their propulsion systems and slightly thicker armor...
till August 1917. Following that, till April 1918, he served as an assistant doctor at the navy hospital in Mürwik, a section of Flensburg. From there, he became an assistant doctor with the First Naval Air Division, serving until June 1918, then as assistant doctor with the Second Coastal Battalion in Flanders
Flanders
Flanders is the community of the Flemings but also one of the institutions in Belgium, and a geographical region located in parts of present-day Belgium, France and the Netherlands. "Flanders" can also refer to the northern part of Belgium that contains Brussels, Bruges, Ghent and Antwerp...
until the end of the war. At the end of January 1919, he left the army and began working as a doctor in Neustrelitz
Neustrelitz
Neustrelitz is a town in the Mecklenburgische Seenplatte district in the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. It is situated on the shore of the Zierker See in the Mecklenburg Lake District. From 1738 until 1918 it was the capital of the duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz...
.
Nazi era
Lolling joined the Nazi Party in 1931, becoming member No. 4,691,483. He had already joined the SASturmabteilung
The Sturmabteilung functioned as a paramilitary organization of the National Socialist German Workers' Party . It played a key role in Adolf Hitler's rise to power in the 1920s and 1930s...
in 1923 and on August 28, 1933, he joined the SS as member No. 179,765.
On September 13, 1936, Lolling was named Hauptsturmführer
Hauptsturmführer
Hauptsturmführer was a Nazi rank of the SS which was used between the years of 1934 and 1945. The rank of Hauptsturmführer was a mid-grade company level officer and was the equivalent of a Captain in the German Army and also the equivalent of captain in foreign armies...
. From May 2, 1936 till May 29, he completed an exercise at the Reichsmarine
Reichsmarine
The Reichsmarine was the name of the German Navy during the Weimar Republic and first two years of Nazi Germany. It was the naval branch of the Reichswehr, existing from 1918 to 1935...
. On July 30, 1936, he had to assert that he had been free from morphine
Morphine
Morphine is a potent opiate analgesic medication and is considered to be the prototypical opioid. It was first isolated in 1804 by Friedrich Sertürner, first distributed by same in 1817, and first commercially sold by Merck in 1827, which at the time was a single small chemists' shop. It was more...
since 1932 and therefore was not addicted.
Lolling was accepted as a general practitioner
General practitioner
A general practitioner is a medical practitioner who treats acute and chronic illnesses and provides preventive care and health education for all ages and both sexes. They have particular skills in treating people with multiple health issues and comorbidities...
and in September 1936, was appointed SS squadron doctor and medic with the SS-Verfügungstruppe
SS-Verfügungstruppe
The SS-Verfügungstruppe was formed in 1934 as combat troops for the NSDAP. By 1940 these military SS units had become the nucleus of the Waffen-SS....
at the SS military academy in Bad Tölz
Bad Tölz
Bad Tölz is a town in Bavaria, Germany, and administrative center of the district of Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen.- History :Since the retreat of the glaciers at the end of the Ice Age, archaeology has shown continuous occupation of the site of Bad Tölz...
. In early November 1936, he became a doctor at the SS military hospital in Dachau
Dachau
Dachau is a town in Upper Bavaria, in the southern part of Germany. It is a major district town—a Große Kreisstadt—of the administrative region of Upper Bavaria, about 20 km north-west of Munich. It is now a popular residential area for people working in Munich with roughly 40,000 inhabitants...
.
In early 1939, Lolling was deployed with the 3rd SS Division Totenkopf
3rd SS Division Totenkopf
The SS Division Totenkopf , also known as 3. SS-Panzergrenadier-Division Totenkopf and 3. SS-Panzer-Division Totenkopf, was one of the 38 divisions fielded by the Waffen-SS during World War II. Prior to achieving division status, the formation was known as Kampfgruppe Eicke...
. From May 6, 1940 to February 11, 1941, he worked as a camp doctor at Dachau concentration camp. On February 12, 1941, he was appointed by the SS-Führungshauptamt to be the chief camp physician at Sachsenhausen concentration camp
Sachsenhausen concentration camp
Sachsenhausen or Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg was a Nazi concentration camp in Oranienburg, Germany, used primarily for political prisoners from 1936 to the end of the Third Reich in May, 1945. After World War II, when Oranienburg was in the Soviet Occupation Zone, the structure was used as an NKVD...
.
In early June 1941, Lolling became the chief physician at the Concentration Camps Inspectorate
Concentration Camps Inspectorate
The Concentration Camps Inspectorate was the central SS administrative and managerial authority for the concentration camps of the Third Reich. Created by Theodor Eicke, it was originally known as the "General Inspection of the Enhanced SS-Totenkopfstandarten, after Eicke's position in the SS...
. On March 3, 1942, he was put in charge of Amt D III of the SS-Wirtschafts-Verwaltungshauptamt
SS-Wirtschafts-Verwaltungshauptamt
The SS-Wirtschafts-Verwaltungshauptamt was responsible for managing the finances, supply systems and business projects for the Allgemeine-SS...
for Medical Services and Camp Hygiene, with headquarters at Oranienburg
Oranienburg
Oranienburg is a town in Brandenburg, Germany. It is the capital of the district of Oberhavel.- Geography :Oranienburg is a town located on the banks of the Havel river, 35 km north of the centre of Berlin.- Division of the town :...
, at the edge of Sachsenhausen concentration camp. With this promotion, he was put in charge of all medical units and doctors at all SS concentration camps
Nazi concentration camps
Nazi Germany maintained concentration camps throughout the territories it controlled. The first Nazi concentration camps set up in Germany were greatly expanded after the Reichstag fire of 1933, and were intended to hold political prisoners and opponents of the regime...
. From May to July 1942, he was forced to take a leave of absence because of a serious illness. Julius Muthig took over during this period. On November 9, 1943 Lolling was promoted to the rank of SS-Standartenführer, but continued in his same position at Amt D III.
After this final promotion, Lolling ordered a collection of human skins with tattoos to be prepared in different ways and sent to Berlin. Hundreds were prepared. Healthy prisoners were killed with an injection to the heart, so as not to damage the tattoos. Lollo also ordered SS doctors to experiment with shrinking human heads and at least three were shrunk.
Lolling was responsible for assigning doctors to the various SS-run concentration camps. He was superior to the Standortarzt at each camp, who in turn, were superior to the camp doctors assigned to them. During the Hamburg Ravensbrück Trials, he was repeatedly named by the accused as the medical person in authority.
On May 27, 1945, Lolling committed suicide at the reserve army hospital in Flenburg. He was 56.
Sources
- Johannes Tuchel, Konzentrationslager. Band 39 von Konzentrationslager: Organisationsgeschichte und Funktion der Inspektion der Konzentrationslager 1934-1938, H. Boldt, Boppard am Rhein (1991) ISBN 3764619023
- Ernst KleeErnst KleeErnst Klee is a German journalist and author. As a writer on Germany's history, he is best known for his exposure and documentation of the medical crimes of Adolf Hitler's Third Reich, much of which is concerned with the Action T4 forced euthanasia program.-Life and work:Klee was first trained as...
, Das Personenlexikon zum Dritten Reich: Wer war was vor und nach 1945, Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main (2007) ISBN 978-3-596-16048-8 - Schäfer, Silke, Zum Selbstverständnis von Frauen im Konzentrationslager. Das Lager Ravensbrück (PDF) Dissertation. Berlin (2002)
- Taake, Claudia, Angeklagt: SS-Frauen vor Gericht, Oldenburg (1998) ISBN 3-8142-0640-1