Extremist Groups: An International Compilation of Terrorist Organization

Terrorism

Terrorism is the systematic use of terror, especially as a means of coercion. In the international community, however, terrorism has no universally agreed, legally binding, criminal law definition...

s, Violent Political Groups, and Issue-Oriented Militant Movements is a reference book

Reference work

A reference work is a compendium of information, usually of a specific type, compiled in a book for ease of reference. That is, the information is intended to be quickly found when needed. Reference works are usually referred to for particular pieces of information, rather than read beginning to end...

 compiling information on over 200 groups classified as extremist.

Contributing editor Richard H. Ward describes it (in the preface) as "part of a broader effort (on the part of the OICJ) to better understand the motivation

Motivation

Motivation is the driving force by which humans achieve their goals. Motivation is said to be intrinsic or extrinsic. The term is generally used for humans but it can also be used to describe the causes for animal behavior as well. This article refers to human motivation...

al, psychological, and sociological aspects of those who would attack societies throughout the world."

The first edition was compiled and analyzed by Jeffrey A. Builta; it was published in 1996 with 1,121 pages. The second edition was compiled by Sean Hill

Sean Hill

Sean Ronald Hill is an American professional ice hockey player. He was most recently a defenseman for the Minnesota Wild in the NHL. He won the Stanley Cup in 1993 with the Montreal Canadiens...

 as Senior Researcher and Richard H. Ward as contributing editor; it was released in 2002 as a 961-page hardcover (ISBN 0-942511-73-5) and paperback (ISBN 0-942511-74-3) by the Office of International Criminal Justice and the Institute for the Study of Violent Groups

Institute for the Study of Violent Groups

The Institute for the Study of Violent Groups is a research institute focused on insurgency, terrorism, and transnational organized crime located at the University of New Haven in West Haven, Connecticut....

 at Sam Houston State University

Sam Houston State University

Sam Houston State University was founded in 1879 and is the third oldest public institution of higher learning in the State of Texas. It is located in Huntsville, Texas. It is one of the oldest purpose-built institutions for the instruction of teachers west of the Mississippi River and the first...

.

The profile of each group provides (when able): what the group is also known as; when it was formed; its stated aims/ideology

Ideology

An ideology is a set of ideas that constitutes one's goals, expectations, and actions. An ideology can be thought of as a comprehensive vision, as a way of looking at things , as in common sense and several philosophical tendencies , or a set of ideas proposed by the dominant class of a society to...

/policy; the location of its headquarters

Headquarters

Headquarters denotes the location where most, if not all, of the important functions of an organization are coordinated. In the United States, the corporate headquarters represents the entity at the center or the top of a corporation taking full responsibility managing all business activities...

; its area of operations; its size; the nature of its structure; names of its leaders (with their position); membership information (either the type of the population recruited from, or the names of prominent members with their record); sources of its funding; its modus operandi

Modus operandi

Modus operandi is a Latin phrase, approximately translated as "mode of operation". The term is used to describe someone's habits or manner of working, their method of operating or functioning...

/tactics; its publications; its business network contacts; a chronology of its significant actions and activities; a trend assessment; and sources for further reading.

Disclaimer

"This publication has been designed as a reference and learning tool for those in the law enforcement, government

Government

Government refers to the legislators, administrators, and arbitrators in the administrative bureaucracy who control a state at a given time, and to the system of government by which they are organized...

, judicial, and educational communities. It is the intent of the authors to provide current information regarding extremist groups of all political, social

Social

The term social refers to a characteristic of living organisms...

, and religious backgrounds."

Please note that this page does not offer a definition of 'extremism'; the criteria used to judge the listed groups as 'extremist' are those of the author of the referenced publication only. Some listings may be disputed.

Contents to the second edition

• Preface by Richard H. Ward
• Foreword by Kathleen Kiernan, Assistant Deputy Director, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms

Angola

Angola

Angola, officially the Republic of Angola , is a country in south-central Africa bordered by Namibia on the south, the Democratic Republic of the Congo on the north, and Zambia on the east; its west coast is on the Atlantic Ocean with Luanda as its capital city...

• Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda
  Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda
  The Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda is a guerrilla and political movement fighting for the independence of the Angolan province of Cabinda. Formerly under Portuguese administration, with the independence of Angola from Portugal in 1975, the territory became an exclave province...
  
   (FLEC)
• National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA)

Burundi

Burundi

Burundi , officially the Republic of Burundi , is a landlocked country in the Great Lakes region of Eastern Africa bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. Its capital is Bujumbura...

• Forces for the Defense of Democracy
• National Liberation Front
  National Liberation Front (Burundi)
  The National Liberation Front is an ethnically Hutu rebel group that sometimes functions as a political party in Burundi. The FLN has been considered a minor group in the Burundian Civil War compared to the National Council for the Defense of Democracy-Forces for the Defense of Democracy, and to...
  
   (FROLINA)
• Palipehutu

Chad

Chad

Chad , officially known as the Republic of Chad, is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Cameroon and Nigeria to the southwest, and Niger to the west...

• Movement for Democracy and Development (MDD)
• Movement for Democracy and Justice in Chad
  Movement for Democracy and Justice in Chad
  Movement for Democracy and Justice in Chad is a Chadian rebel group that tried to oust the government of the current Chadian president Idriss Déby from October 1998-2003...
  
   (MDJT)
• National Council for the Reform of Chad (CNRT)

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Democratic Republic of the Congo

The Democratic Republic of the Congo is a state located in Central Africa. It is the second largest country in Africa by area and the eleventh largest in the world...

 (Former Zaire

Zaire

The Republic of Zaire was the name of the present Democratic Republic of the Congo between 27 October 1971 and 17 May 1997. The name of Zaire derives from the , itself an adaptation of the Kongo word nzere or nzadi, or "the river that swallows all rivers".-Self-proclaimed Father of the Nation:In...

)

• Congolese Rally for Democracy (RCD)
• Congolese Democratic Coalition

Liberia

Liberia

Liberia , officially the Republic of Liberia, is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Sierra Leone on the west, Guinea on the north and Côte d'Ivoire on the east. Liberia's coastline is composed of mostly mangrove forests while the more sparsely populated inland consists of forests that open...

• National Patriotic Front of Liberia
  National Patriotic Front of Liberia
  The National Patriotic Front of Liberia was a rebel group that initiated and participated in the First Liberian Civil War from 1989 to 1996.-Leadership:...
  
   (NPFL)
• United Liberation Movement for Democracy in Liberia (ULIMO)

Rwanda

Rwanda

Rwanda or , officially the Republic of Rwanda , is a country in central and eastern Africa with a population of approximately 11.4 million . Rwanda is located a few degrees south of the Equator, and is bordered by Uganda, Tanzania, Burundi and the Democratic Republic of the Congo...

• Army for the Liberation of Rwanda
  Army for the Liberation of Rwanda
  The Army for the Liberation of Rwanda was a rebel group largely composed of members of the Interahamwe and Armed Forces of Rwanda that carried out the 1994 Rwandan Genocide. Operating mostly in the eastern regions of the Democratic Republic of the Congo along the border with Rwanda, it carried...
  
   (ALIR)
• People in Arms for the Liberation of Rwanda

FDLR

Senegal

Senegal

Senegal , officially the Republic of Senegal , is a country in western Africa. It owes its name to the Sénégal River that borders it to the east and north...

• Moustarchindina Wal Moustarchidati (MWM)
• Movement of the Democratic Forces of Casamance (MFDC)

Somalia

Somalia

Somalia , officially the Somali Republic and formerly known as the Somali Democratic Republic under Socialist rule, is a country located in the Horn of Africa. Since the outbreak of the Somali Civil War in 1991 there has been no central government control over most of the country's territory...

• Al-Itihaad al-Islamiya
  Al-Itihaad al-Islamiya
  Al-Itihaad al-Islamiya or AIAI is a defunct Islamist militant group in Somalia that was added to the U.S. list of terrorist organizations on September 24, 2001...
  
   (AIAI)
• Al-Shabaab
• Al-Hizb-ul-Islam
• Islamic Courts Union
• Jama'a Ahlu Sunna
• Hawiyah Islamic Force
• Islamic Front
• Somali Socialist Army Red Army
  Red Army
  The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army started out as the Soviet Union's revolutionary communist combat groups during the Russian Civil War of 1918-1922. It grew into the national army of the Soviet Union. By the 1930s the Red Army was among the largest armies in history.The "Red Army" name refers to...
  
  
• United Somali Congress
  United Somali Congress
  The United Somali Congress is one of the major political and paramilitary organizations of Somalia. Formed in 1988, it played a key role in the ouster of the government of Siad Barre, and became a major target of the so-called Operation Restore Hope campaign in 1993...
  
   - Aideed Group
• Somali Workers Socialist Party -
• Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party
  Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party
  The Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party was the governing political party in Somalia from 1976 to 1991.- History :XHKS was created by the military regime of Siad Barre under Soviet guidance. A founding congress was held in June 1976. The congress elected a Central Committee, with Barre as the...
  
  
• Jabarty Arab Nationalist Party JANP - Hizbul Qowmy Al-Araby Al-Jabarty

South Africa

South Africa

The Republic of South Africa is a country in southern Africa. Located at the southern tip of Africa, it is divided into nine provinces, with of coastline on the Atlantic and Indian oceans...

• Afrikaner Resistance Movement (AWB)
• People's Against Gangsterism and Drugs
  People Against Gangsterism and Drugs
  People Against Gangsterism and Drugs was formed in 1996 as an Islamically-oriented, militant group in the Cape Flats area of Cape Town, South Africa. It claims to fight drugs and gangsterism but its members have been implicated in several criminal and terrorist acts.-Origins:PAGAD grew as an...
  
   (PAGAD)
• Qibla

Uganda

Uganda

Uganda , officially the Republic of Uganda, is a landlocked country in East Africa. Uganda is also known as the "Pearl of Africa". It is bordered on the east by Kenya, on the north by South Sudan, on the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, on the southwest by Rwanda, and on the south by...

• Allied Democratic Forces
  Allied Democratic Forces
  The Allied Democratic Forces is a rebel group opposed to the Ugandan government. It is based in western Uganda with rear bases in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It began as a minor group in the forested Ruwenzori mountain range along the border in 1996, but expanded its activities over the...
  
  
• Lord's Resistance Army
  Lord's Resistance Army
  The Lord's Resistance Army insurgency is an ongoing guerrilla campaign waged since 1987 by the Lord's Resistance Army rebel group, operating mainly in northern Uganda, but also in South Sudan and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo...
  
   (LRA)
• West Nile Bank Front
  West Nile Bank Front
  The West Nile Bank Front was a rebel armed force in Uganda under the command of Juma Oris. The WNBF began a campaign against President Yoweri Museveni in 1995...
  
   (WNBF)

Philippines

Philippines

The Philippines , officially known as the Republic of the Philippines , is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam...

• Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG)
• Alex Boncayao Brigade (ABB)
• Moro Islamic Liberation Front
  Moro Islamic Liberation Front
  The Moro Islamic Liberation Front is an Islamist group located in the southern Philippines. It is one of two Islamic militant groups, the other being the Abu Sayyaf, that are fighting against Government of the Philippines...
  
   (MILF)
• Moro National Liberation Front
  Moro National Liberation Front
  The Moro National Liberation Front is a political organization that was founded by Nur Misuari in 1969. The MNLF struggles against the Philippine Government to achieve independence of the Bangsamoro Land...
  
   (MNLF)
• New People's Army
  New People's Army
  The New People's Army is the armed wing of the Communist Party of the Philippines. It was formed on March 29, 1969. The Maoist NPA conducts its armed guerrilla struggle based on the strategical line of 'protracted people's war'.The NPA exacts so called "revolutionary taxes" from business owners...
  
   (NPA)

Timor

Timor

Timor is an island at the southern end of Maritime Southeast Asia, north of the Timor Sea. It is divided between the independent state of East Timor, and West Timor, belonging to the Indonesian province of East Nusa Tenggara. The island's surface is 30,777 square kilometres...

• Aitarak
  Aitarak
  Aitarak was the name of one of the most feared pro-Indonesia militia groups in East Timor during the late 1990s. On April 17, 1999, the group conducted 12 murders at the Manuel Carrascalão House Massacre in Dili. That same month members took part in the Liquiçá Church Massacre...
  
  
• Revolutionary Front for the Independence of East Timor (FRETILIN)

Albania

Albania

Albania , officially known as the Republic of Albania , is a country in Southeastern Europe, in the Balkans region. It is bordered by Montenegro to the northwest, Kosovo to the northeast, the Republic of Macedonia to the east and Greece to the south and southeast. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea...

• Kosovo Liberation Army
  Kosovo Liberation Army
  The Kosovo Liberation Army or KLA was a Kosovar Albanian paramilitary organization which sought the separation of Kosovo from Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in the 1990s....
  
   (KLA)
• Liberation Army of Presevo, Medvedja, and Bujanovaco (UCPMB)
• Revenge of Justice

France

France

The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...

• Breton Revolutionary Army
  Breton Revolutionary Army
  The Breton Revolutionary Army , is an illegal armed organization that is part of the Breton nationalism movement in the Brittany region of France.-I- Origins of the conflict:...
  
   (BRA)
• Committee for Liquidation and Subversion of Computers
  CLODO
  Committee for Liquidation and Subversion of Computers was a neo-Luddite French anarchist organization, active during the 1980s, that targeted computer companies...
  
   (CLODO)
• National Front for the Liberation of Corsica
  National Front for the Liberation of Corsica
  The National Liberation Front of Corsica is a militant group that advocates an independent state on the island of Corsica, separate from France. They also want all currently imprisoned members of the FLNC in France to be put into Corsican prisons. The organisation's presence is primarily in...
  
   (FLNC)
• Ipparretarrak (IK)
• Charles Martel Group
  Charles Martel Group
  The Charles Martel Group was a French far-right anti-Arab terrorist organization which operated in the 1970s and 1980s...
  
  
• Organisation de l'armée secrète
• Armata Corsa
  Armata Corsa
  Armata Corsa was an underground separatist terrorist organization in Corsica, today disbanded.Armata Corsa was founded in 1999...
  
  
• Gwenn ha du
  Gwenn ha du (terrorism)
  Gwenn ha Du was a Breton-based terrorist group founded at the end of 1930 in Paris by Célestin Lainé. It advocated Breton nationalism through "direct action" and published a secret manual aimed at instructing readers in terrorism...
  
  
• Irrintzi
  Irrintzi
  Irrintzi is an armed Basque nationalist group or cell that acts in the French Basque Country . The word irrintzi refers originally to the traditional Basque folk high pitched scream used to express celebration or happiness....
  
  
• Action directe
• Armed Nationalist Revolutionary Faction
  FNAR
  FNAR is a group that has exploded several radar stations in France...
  
   (FNAR)
• Comité Régional d'Action Viticole
  Comité Régional d'Action Viticole
  Comité régional d'action viticole , or sometimes Comité d'action viticole is a French group of radical wine producers...
  
  
• AZF (terrorist group)
  AZF (Terrorist group)
  AZF is a terrorist group based in France. The first record of the group was in Spring 2004. At this time the group is believed to have taken its name from the explosion of the AZF chemical factory in Toulouse in 2001....
  
  
• See Liste des groupes armés présents en France in the French wikipedia

Germany

Germany

Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...

• Neo Nazi Groups
• Anti-Imperialist Cell
  Anti-Imperialist Cell
  The Anti-Imperialist Cell was a leftist militant group responsible for bombing attacks in Germany in 1995....
  
   (AIZ)
• Association for Solidarity Perspectives (Germany)
  Association for Solidarity Perspectives (Germany)
  The Association for Solidarity Perspectives is a far-left political party in Germany.The VSP was formed in October 1986 in West Germany as the United Socialist party , a merger of the International Marxist Group and the Communist Party of Germany...
  
   (VSP)
• Black Legion
• Class Versus Class
• Communist League of West Germany
  Communist League of West Germany
  The Communist League of West Germany was a Maoist organization in West Germany which existed from 1973 until 1985. The KBW contested the general elections in 1976 and 1980 in West Germany and was rated as the strongest of the German Maoist parties from 1974 until 1981...
  
   (KBW)
• Communist Party of Germany/Marxists-Leninists
  Communist Party of Germany/Marxists-Leninists
  The Communist Party of Germany/Marxist-Leninist , established on December 31, 1968, was an anti-revisionist pro-China party in West Germany that was later supportive of communist leader of Albania Enver Hoxha after the Sino-Albanian Split...
  
   (KPD/ML)
• Freedom German Workers Party (FAP)
• Friends of Freedom for Germany (FFD)
• German Action Groups
• German Alternative
  German Alternative
  The German Alternative was a minor neo-Nazi group set up in Germany by Michael Kühnen in 1989.Its declared goal was the restoration of the German Reich and rejected the cession of German areas in Eastern Europe following World War II as well as all immigration to Germany claiming that there were...
  
   (DA)
• German Communist Party
  German Communist Party
  The German Communist Party is a Marxist-Leninist party in Germany.-History:The DKP was formed in West Germany in 1968, in order to fill the place of the Communist Party of Germany , which had been banned by the Federal Constitutional Court in 1956...
  
   (DKP)
• German Comradeship League of Wilhelmshaven (DKB)
• German Homeland Association
• German People's Union
  German People's Union
  The German People's Union is a nationalist political party in Germany. It was founded by publisher Gerhard Frey as an informal association in 1971 and established as a party in 1987. Financially, it is largely dependent on Frey....
  
   (DVU)
• Hoffmann Military Sports Group
• Marxist-Leninist Party of Germany
  Marxist-Leninist Party of Germany
  The Marxist–Leninist Party of Germany is an Anti-Revisionist Marxist-Leninist, Maoist, Communist political party in Germany without parliamentary representation...
  
   (MLPD)
• Movement 2 June
  Movement 2 June
  Movement 2 June was a West German terrorist organization that was based out of West Berlin. Active only from 1971–1980, the anarchist group was one of the few violent groups at the time in West Germany. Although Movement 2 June did not share the same ideology as the Red Army Faction , these...
  
  
• National Block (NB)
• National Democratic Party (NPD)
• National Front
• National List
  National List
  The National List , sometimes translated as the State List, was a political party in Israel. Despite being founded by David Ben-Gurion, one of the fathers of the Israeli left, the party is an ancestor of the modern-day Likud, Israel's largest right-wing bloc.-Background:The National List had been...
  
   (NL)
• National Offensive
  National Offensive
  The National Offensive was a German neo-Nazi party, which existed from July 3, 1990 to December 22, 1992.It was founded by Michael Swierczek, the former chairman of the Free German Workers' Party in Bavaria, who became the chairman of the NO, and Carlo Bauer, the president of the NO, during the...
  
  
• Red Army Faction
  Red Army Faction
  The radicalized were, like many in the New Left, influenced by:* Sociological developments, pressure within the educational system in and outside Europe and the U.S...
  
   (RAF)
• Revolutionary Cells (RZ)
  Revolutionary Cells (RZ)
  Revolutionary Cells was a German left-wing political militancy of self-described "urban guerillas" who were active from 1973 to 1993. According to the office of the German Federal Prosecutor, the RZ claimed responsibility for 186 attacks, of which 40 were committed in West Berlin...
  
  
• Rote Zora
  Rote Zora
  Rote Zora was a militant feminist group active in West Germany from 1974-95, known for a series of bombings.-History:Rote Zora started in 1974, when they bombed the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany in Karlsruhe to protest against the abortion law....
  
   (RZ)

Greece

Greece

Greece , officially the Hellenic Republic , and historically Hellas or the Republic of Greece in English, is a country in southeastern Europe....

• Children of November
• Golden Dawn
  Hrisi Avgi
  Golden Dawn is a Greek nationalistic far right-wing political organization led by Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece. It is frequently characterized as Neo-Nazi and as opposing democracy, immigration, multiculturalism, Marxism, globalization, liberalism, anti-militarism, anarchism, Judaism and Islam...
  
  
• Greek Liberation Army (EKAS)
• Northern Epirus Liberation Front
  Northern Epirus Liberation Front
  The Northern Epirus Liberation Front also called Northern Epirote Liberation Organization , was an ethnic Greek resistance group that operated in areas of southern Albania during the Italian and German occupation of Albania...
  
   (MVAI)
• Revolutionary Core
• Revolutionary Nuclei
  Revolutionary Nuclei
  Revolutionary Nuclei , also known as Revolutionary Cells, is a far-left terrorist group in Greece. RN first appeared with a bomb attack on a Hellenic Coast Guard facility in Piraeus on 11 May 1997...
  
  
• Revolutionary Organization 17 November
  Revolutionary Organization 17 November
  Revolutionary Organization 17 November , was a Marxist urban guerrilla organization formed in 1975 and believed to have been disbanded in 2002 after the arrest and trial of a...
  
  
• Revolutionary Organization 1 May
• Revolutionary People's Struggle (ELA)

Italy

Italy

Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...

• Anti-Imperialist Territorial Nuclei (NTA)
• Black Order
• Compass Card
  Compass Card
  The Compass Card is a form of electronic ticketing used on public transport services within San Diego County, California. It is administered by the San Diego Association of Governments and is valid on a number of different travel systems in San Diego County including MTS buses, the San Diego...
  
  
• Continuous Struggle
• Front Line
  Prima Linea
  Prima Linea was an Italian Marxist-Leninist terrorist group of the 1970s. It was formed in 1976 by members of hard-line factions within the far left, extra-parliamentary organization Lotta Continua, which disbanded that year, together with members of Potere Operaio and of other far left groups...
  
  
• Ludwig
• Red Brigades
  Red Brigades
  The Red Brigades was a Marxist-Leninist terrorist organisation, based in Italy, which was responsible for numerous violent incidents, assassinations, and robberies during the so-called "Years of Lead"...
  
   (BR)
• Revolutionary Proletarian Initiative Nuclei (NIPR)

Macedonia

Republic of Macedonia

Macedonia , officially the Republic of Macedonia , is a country located in the central Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe. It is one of the successor states of the former Yugoslavia, from which it declared independence in 1991...

• National Liberation Army
• Albanian National Army
  Albanian National Army
  The Albanian National Army , is an ethnic Albanian organization closely associated with the Kosovo Liberation Army — operating in the Republic of Macedonia and Kosovo...
  
  

Spain

Spain

Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...

• Anti-Terrorist Liberation Group (GAL)
• Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA)
• Dawn
• Free Land (Terra Lliure)
• First October Antifascist Resistance Group (GRAPO)
• International Revolutionary Action Groups
• Iraultza
  Iraultza
  Iraultza, meaning Revolution in the Basque language, was a small Basque militant armed group of the Trotskyist tendency that may be remembered for being the only one of its kind not to have killed anyone except three of its own members, who died preparing an explosive device in the early 1990s...
  
  
• Isis Holistic Center
• Catalan Red Army for the Liberation (ERCA)

Turkey

Turkey

Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe...

• Kurdistan Workers Party
  Kurdistan Workers Party
  The Kurdistan Workers' Party , commonly known as PKK, also known as KGK and formerly known as KADEK or KONGRA-GEL , is a Kurdish organization which has since 1984 been fighting an armed struggle against the Turkish state for an autonomous Kurdistan and greater cultural and political rights...
  
   (PKK)
• Revolutionary People's Liberation Party/Front (DHKP/C)
• Turkish Hizballah

United Kingdom

United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...

• Combat 18
  Combat 18
  Combat 18 is a violent neo-Nazi organisation associated with Blood and Honour. It originated in the United Kingdom, but has since spread to other countries. Members of Combat 18 have been suspected in numerous deaths of immigrants, non-whites, and other C18 members...
  
  
• British National Party
  British National Party
  The British National Party is a British far-right political party formed as a splinter group from the National Front by John Tyndall in 1982...
  
  
• Society of the Covenant of the Free Welsh
  Society of the Covenant of the Free Welsh
  The Society of the Covenant of the Free Welsh was established in 1987 because of unhappiness with the level of Plaid Cymru's commitment to independence for Wales. They achieved publicity by producing their own Welsh passports....
  
  
• An Gof
  An Gof
  An Gof is a militant Cornish nationalist group. The organisation takes its name from the trade of Michael Joseph , An Gof , being Cornish for 'The Smith', a leader of the Cornish Rebellion of 1497....
  
  
• Cornish National Liberation Army
  Cornish National Liberation Army
  The Cornish National Liberation Army, abbreviated to CNLA, was a terrorist Cornish nationalist organisation that has threatened to carry out acts of vandalism and arson against commercial targets that it considers to be English....
  
   (CNLA)
• Irish National Liberation Army
  Irish National Liberation Army
  The Irish National Liberation Army or INLA is an Irish republican socialist paramilitary group that was formed on 8 December 1974. Its goal is to remove Northern Ireland from the United Kingdom and create a socialist united Ireland....
  
   (INLA)
• Continuity Irish Republican Army
  Continuity Irish Republican Army
  The Continuity Irish Republican Army, otherwise known as the Continuity IRA and styling itself as Óglaigh na hÉireann, is an Irish republican paramilitary organisation that aims to bring about a united Ireland. It emerged from a split in the Provisional IRA in 1986 but did not become active until...
  
   (CIRA)
• Irish People's Liberation Organization (IPLO)
• Kashmir Liberation Army (KLA)
• Provisional Irish Republican Army
  Provisional Irish Republican Army
  The Provisional Irish Republican Army is an Irish republican paramilitary organisation whose aim was to remove Northern Ireland from the United Kingdom and bring about a socialist republic within a united Ireland by force of arms and political persuasion...
  
   (PIRA)
• Real Irish Republican Army
  Real Irish Republican Army
  The Real Irish Republican Army, otherwise known as the Real IRA , and styling itself as Óglaigh na hÉireann , is an Irish republican paramilitary organisation which aims to bring about a united Ireland...
  
  
• Red Hand Defenders
  Red Hand Defenders
  The Red Hand Defenders is a loyalist paramilitary group in Northern Ireland. It was formed in 1998 by loyalists who opposed the Belfast Agreement and the loyalist ceasefires. Its members were drawn mostly from the Ulster Defence Association and Loyalist Volunteer Force...
  
  
• Scottish National Liberation Army
  Scottish National Liberation Army
  The Scottish National Liberation Army , sometimes dubbed the 'Tartan Terrorists', is a militant group, which aims to bring about Scottish independence from the United Kingdom. The SNLA has been proscribed by the British government...
  
   (SNLA)
• Supporters of Sharia
• Scottish Republican Army (S.R.A)
• Ulster Defence Association
  Ulster Defence Association
  The Ulster Defence Association is the largest although not the deadliest loyalist paramilitary and vigilante group in Northern Ireland. It was formed in September 1971 and undertook a campaign of almost twenty-four years during "The Troubles"...
  
  
• 32 Sovereignty Country Committee

Algeria

Algeria

Algeria , officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria , also formally referred to as the Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria, is a country in the Maghreb region of Northwest Africa with Algiers as its capital.In terms of land area, it is the largest country in Africa and the Arab...

• Armed Berber Group (ABG)
• Armed Islamic Group
  Armed Islamic Group
  The Armed Islamic Group is an Islamist organisation that wants to overthrow the Algerian government and replace it with an Islamic state...
  
   (GIA)
• Salafist Call and Struggle Group (GSPC)

Egypt

Egypt

Egypt , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: , is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world...

• Al-Gama' a Al-Islamiyya
• Al-Jihad Al-Islami
• Vanguards of the Islamic Conquest

Iran

Iran

Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia...

• Iranian Democratic Party of Kurdistan (KDPI)
• Mujahedin-E Khalq Organization (MKO or MEK)

Libya

Libya

Libya is an African country in the Maghreb region of North Africa bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad and Niger to the south, and Algeria and Tunisia to the west....

• Al Jama'a Al-Islamiyyah Al-Muqatilah Bi-Libya
• National Front for the Salvation of Libya
  National Front for the Salvation of Libya
  The National Front for the Salvation of Libya is an opposition movement to Muammar al-Gaddafi's regime in Libya. NFSL was established on 7 October 1981 at a press conference held in Khartoum, Sudan...
  
   (NFSL)

Palestine

Palestine

Palestine is a conventional name, among others, used to describe the geographic region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River, and various adjoining lands....

• Al-Aqsa
  Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades
  The al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades is a coalition of Palestinian nationalist militias in the West Bank. The group's name refers to the al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem...
  
  
• Hamas
  Hamas
  Hamas is the Palestinian Sunni Islamic or Islamist political party that governs the Gaza Strip. Hamas also has a military wing, the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades...
  
   (Islamic Resistance Movement)
• Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ)
• Palestine Liberation Front
  Palestine Liberation Front
  The Palestine Liberation Front is a Palestinian militant group, which is designated as a terrorist organization by Canada, the European Union and the USA. It is presently led by Dr. Wasel Abu Yousef.-Origins:...
  
   (PLF)
• Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
  Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
  The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine is a Palestinian Marxist-Leninist organisation founded in 1967. It has consistently been the second-largest of the groups forming the Palestine Liberation Organization , the largest being Fatah...
  
   (PFLP)
• Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine-General Command (PFLP-GC)

United States

United States

The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

• Al-Fuqra
• Animal Liberation Front
  Animal Liberation Front
  The Animal Liberation Front is an international, underground leaderless resistance that engages in illegal direct action in pursuit of animal liberation...
  
   (ALF)
• Army of God
• Aryan Nations
  Aryan Nations
  Aryan Nations is a white supremacist religious organization originally based in Hayden Lake, Idaho. Richard Girnt Butler founded the group in the 1970s, as an arm of the Christian Identity organization Church of Jesus Christ–Christian...
  
  
• Black Panther Party
  Black Panther Party
  The Black Panther Party wasan African-American revolutionary leftist organization. It was active in the United States from 1966 until 1982....
  
   (BPP)
• Black Liberation Army
  Black Liberation Army
  The Black Liberation Army was an underground, black nationalist-Marxist militant organization that operated in the United States from 1970 to 1981...
  
   (BLF)
• Christian-Patriots Defense League (CPDL)
• Christian Defense League (CDL)
• Christian Identity Movement
  Christian Identity
  Christian Identity is a label applied to a wide variety of loosely affiliated believers and churches with a racialized theology. Many promote a Eurocentric interpretation of Christianity.According to Chester L...
  
   (CIM)
• Church of the Creator (COTC)
• Church of Scientology
  Church of Scientology
  The Church of Scientology is an organization devoted to the practice and the promotion of the Scientology belief system. The Church of Scientology International is the Church of Scientology's parent organization, and is responsible for the overall ecclesiastical management, dissemination and...
  
   (COS)
• Commandos L
• Concerned Christians
  Concerned Christians
  Monte Kim Miller formed a group known as the Concerned Christians in Colorado, during the 1980s. Created as an element of the Christian countercult movement to combat New Age religious movements and anti-Christian sentiment, it has shifted to more of a apocalyptic Christian movement as the group...
  
  
• The Covenant, The Sword, and the Arm of the Lord
  The Covenant, The Sword, and the Arm of the Lord
  The Covenant, The Sword, and the Arm of the Lord was a radical Christian Identity organization formed in 1971 in the small community of Elijah in southern Missouri, United States.- Leadership :...
  
   (CSAL)
• Cuban Liberator Army (CLA)
• Earth First!
  Earth First!
  Earth First! is a radical environmental advocacy group that emerged in the Southwestern United States in 1979. It was co-founded on April 4th, 1980 by Dave Foreman, Mike Roselle, Howie Wolke, and less directly, Bart Koehler and Ron Kezar....
  
  
• Earth Liberation Front
  Earth Liberation Front
  The Earth Liberation Front , also known as "Elves" or "The Elves", is the collective name for autonomous individuals or covert cells who, according to the ELF Press Office, use "economic sabotage and guerrilla warfare to stop the exploitation and destruction of the environment".The ELF was founded...
  
   (ELF)
• Freemen
  Montana Freemen
  The Montana Freemen were a Christian Patriot movement based outside the town of Jordan, Montana. The members of the group referred to their land as "Justus Township" and had declared themselves no longer under the authority of any outside government...
  
  
• Fuerzas Armadas de Liberation Nacional (FALN)
• Jewish Defence League (JDL)
• Ku Klux Klan
  Ku Klux Klan
  Ku Klux Klan, often abbreviated KKK and informally known as the Klan, is the name of three distinct past and present far-right organizations in the United States, which have advocated extremist reactionary currents such as white supremacy, white nationalism, and anti-immigration, historically...
  
   (KKK)
• The Minutemen
  Minutemen (anti-Communist organization)
  The Minutemen was a militant anti-Communist organization formed in the United States in the early 1960s. The founder and head of the right-wing group was Robert Bolivar DePugh, a biochemist from Norborne, Missouri. The Minutemen believed that Communism would soon take over all of America. The group...
  
  
• Neo Nazi National Alliance
• New Afrika (NA)
• New Black Panther Party
• New World Liberation Front NWLF
• People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
  People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
  People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals is an American animal rights organization based in Norfolk, Virginia, and led by Ingrid Newkirk, its international president. A non-profit corporation with 300 employees and two million members and supporters, it claims to be the largest animal rights...
  
   (PETA)
• Revolutionary Alliance of (Neo)Trinitarian Youth (REALITY)
• Republic of Texas
  Republic of Texas (group)
  The Republic of Texas is a militia group that claims that the annexation of Texas by the United States was illegal and that Texas remains an independent nation under occupation. The issue of the Legal status of Texas led the group to claim to reinstate a provisional government on December 13, 1995...
  
  
• Symbionese Liberation Army
  Symbionese Liberation Army
  The Symbionese Liberation Army was an American self-styled left-wing urban militant group active between 1973 and 1975 that considered itself a revolutionary vanguard army...
  
  
• Westboro Baptist Church
  Westboro Baptist Church
  The Westboro Baptist Church is an independent Baptist church known for its extreme stance against homosexuality and its protest activities, which include picketing funerals and desecrating the American flag. The church is widely described as a hate group and is monitored as such by the...
  
  
• World Church of the Creator

Mexico

Mexico

The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of...

• Revolutionary People's Army (EPR)
• Zapatista Army of National Liberation
  Zapatista Army of National Liberation
  The Zapatista Army of National Liberation is a revolutionary leftist group based in Chiapas, the southernmost state of Mexico....
  
   (EZLN)

Colombia

Colombia

Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia , is a unitary constitutional republic comprising thirty-two departments. The country is located in northwestern South America, bordered to the east by Venezuela and Brazil; to the south by Ecuador and Peru; to the north by the Caribbean Sea; to the...

• United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia
  United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia
  The United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia was created as an umbrella organization of regional far-right...
  
   (AUC)
• National Liberation Army
  National Liberation Army (Colombia)
  National Liberation Army is a revolutionary, avowed Marxist guerrilla group that has been operating in several regions of Colombia since 1964....
  
   (ELN)
• Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia
  Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia
  The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia – People's Army is a Marxist–Leninist revolutionary guerrilla organization based in Colombia which is involved in the ongoing Colombian armed conflict, currently involved in drug dealing and crimes against the civilians..FARC-EP is a peasant army which...
  
   (FARC)

Bangladesh

Bangladesh

Bangladesh , officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh is a sovereign state located in South Asia. It is bordered by India on all sides except for a small border with Burma to the far southeast and by the Bay of Bengal to the south...

• Biplobi Communist Party
• Harakat ul-Jihad-I-Islami/Bangladesh (HUJI-B)
• Islami Oikya Jote
  Islami Oikya Jote
  The Islami Oikya Jote is a political party in Bangladesh.At the last legislative elections, 1 October 2001, the party won 2 out of 300 elected members in an alliance with the Bangladesh Nationalist Party. It is led by Ameer Allama Mufti Fazlul Huq Amini and Chairman Shaikul Hadith Allama Azizul Haq...
  
   (IOJ)

India

India

India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...

• Al-Umma
• Students Islamic Movement of India
  Students Islamic Movement of India
  The Students Islamic Movement of India is an Islamic student organization that was formed in Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, in April 1977. The stated mission of SIMI is the ‘liberation of India’ from Western materialistic cultural influence and to convert its Muslim society to live according to Muslim...
  
  
• Babbar Khalsa et al.
  Sikh extremism
  Sikh extremism refers to threats or acts of violence against civilians, or material support for the acts of violence.Some extremists have been separatists pursuing the formation of a Sikh state, often referred to as Khalistan....
  
  

• Deccan Mujahedin
• Hizb-ul-Mujahideen
• Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF)
• Lashkar-e-Toiba
  Lashkar-e-Toiba
  Lashkar-e-Taiba – also transliterated as Lashkar-i-Tayyaba, Lashkar-e-Tayyaba, Lashkar-e-Tayyiba, Lashkar-i-Taiba, Lashkar Taiba or LeT – is one of the largest and most active militant Islamist terrorist organizations in South Asia, operating mainly from Pakistan.It was founded by Hafiz Muhammad...
  
   (LT)
• United Liberation Front of Assam (ULFA)
• National Liberation Front of Tripura
  National Liberation Front of Tripura
  The National Liberation Front of Tripura is a Tripuri nationalist militant organization based in Tripura, India.The NLFT seeks to secede from India and establish an independent Tripuri state, and has actively participated in the Tripura Rebellion...
  
  
• National Development Front
• Tamil Nadu Muslim Munnetra Kazagham
  Tamil Nadu Muslim Munnetra Kazagham
  Tamil Nadu Muslim Munnetra Kazhagam is a Muslim non-governmental organization established in the state of Tamil Nadu in India in 1995...
  
  

Pakistan

Pakistan

Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...

• Fedayeen al-Islam
  Fedayeen al-Islam
  Fedayeen al-Islam is a militant group in Pakistan under the leadership of Hakimullah Mehsud, who was a deputy to Baitullah Mehsud in the Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan prior to Baitullah's death...
  
  
• Jaish-e-Mohammed
  Jaish-e-Mohammed
  Jaish-e-Mohammed is a Pakistani-based, militant Islamic group established by Maulana Masood Azhar in March 2000...
  
   (JEM) (Army of Mohammed)
• Mohajir Qaumi Movement (MQM)
• Lashkar-e-Toiba
  Lashkar-e-Toiba
  Lashkar-e-Taiba – also transliterated as Lashkar-i-Tayyaba, Lashkar-e-Tayyaba, Lashkar-e-Tayyiba, Lashkar-i-Taiba, Lashkar Taiba or LeT – is one of the largest and most active militant Islamist terrorist organizations in South Asia, operating mainly from Pakistan.It was founded by Hafiz Muhammad...
  
  
• Jamaat-e-Islami
  Jamaat-e-Islami
  This article is about Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan. For other organizations of similar name see Jamaat-e-Islami The Jamaat-e-Islami , is a Pro-Muslim political party in Pakistan...
  
  
• Muttahida Majlis-i-Amal
• Jamaat-ud-Dawa
• Tablighi Jamaat
  Tablighi Jamaat
  Tablighi Jamaat is a religious movement which was founded in 1926 by Muhammad Ilyas al-Kandhlawi in India. The movement primarily aims at Tablighi spiritual reformation by working at the grass roots level, reaching out to Muslims across all social and economic spectra to bring them closer to...
  
  

See also

• Hate groups

Other books about extremism include:

• Extremists Groups: Opposing Viewpoints
  Extremist Groups: Opposing Viewpoints (2001)
  Extremist Groups: Opposing Viewpoints is a book, in the Opposing Viewpoints Series, examining the issue of extremist groups: religious, racial, environmental, animal rights, militia, and socialist. It was edited by Tamara L. Roleff, with assistant editors Helen Cothran and James D...
  
  
• Nazis, Communists, Klansmen, and Others on the Fringe
  Nazis, Communists, Klansmen, and Others on the Fringe
  Nazis, Communists, Klansmen, and Others on the Fringe: Political Extremism in America is a 1992 book by John George and Laird Wilcox. It is an examination of political extremism of both the far left and far right in the United States....
  
  
• Extremism in America
  Extremism in America
  Extremism in America: A Reader is a book edited by Lyman Tower Sargent . It is a reader presenting various political, economic and social ideas, creeds and platforms of people and groups which Sargent labels left-wing or right-wing American extremists as displayed in his selection of their...
  
  

External links

• Extremist Groups at the publisher's page.
• Extremist Groups (first edition) reviewed by Daniel Pipes
  Daniel Pipes
  Daniel Pipes is an American historian, writer, and political commentator. He is the founder and director of the Middle East Forum and its Campus Watch project, and editor of its Middle East Quarterly journal...
  
  , in Middle East Quarterly
  Middle East Quarterly
  Middle East Quarterly is a peer reviewed quarterly journal, a publication of the American conservative think tank Middle East Forum founded by Daniel Pipes in 1994. It is devoted to subjects relating to the Middle East and Islam and analyzes the region "explicitly from the viewpoint of American...
  
  (December 1996).