The flag of the state of Perak

Perak

Perak , one of the 13 states of Malaysia, is the second largest state in the Peninsular Malaysia bordering Kedah and Yala Province of Thailand to the north, Penang to the northwest, Kelantan and Pahang to the east, Selangor the Strait of Malacca to the south and west.Perak means silver in Malay...

, in Malaysia, is a tricolour

Tricolour

A tricolour is a flag or banner more-or-less equally divided into three bands of differing colours...

, made of three equal horizontal bands coloured white (top), yellow, and black (bottom). It has a ratio of 1:2.

The stripes on the flag symbolizes the three branches of the Perak royal family. The white stripe represents the Sultan

Sultan of Perak

Sultan of Perak is one of the oldest hereditary seats among the Malay states.When the Sultanate of Malacca empire fell to Portugal in 1511, Sultan Mahmud Syah I retreated to Kampar, Sumatra and died there in 1528. He left behind two princes named Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah II and Sultan Muzaffar...

, yellow represents the Raja Muda (the crown prince) and black represents the Raja Di Hilir, which is the next in line after the crown prince. Probably by coincidence, the flag resembles an inverted version of the Russian imperial

Russian Empire

The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...

 colors that was in official use from 1858 to 1917.

The colors of the flag plus red forms the basis of the color used in the Federated Malay States

Federated Malay States

The Federated Malay States was a federation of four protected states in the Malay Peninsula—Selangor, Perak, Negeri Sembilan and Pahang—established by the British government in 1895, which lasted until 1946, when they, together with the Straits Settlements and the Unfederated Malay...

(Negeri Negeri Melayu Bersekutu) flag.