The Growth Arrest and DNA Damage or gadd45 gene

Gene

A gene is a molecular unit of heredity of a living organism. It is a name given to some stretches of DNA and RNA that code for a type of protein or for an RNA chain that has a function in the organism. Living beings depend on genes, as they specify all proteins and functional RNA chains...

s, including (originally termed gadd45) (originally termed MyD118), and (originally termed CR6), are implicated as stress sensors that modulate the response of mammal

Mammal

Mammals are members of a class of air-breathing vertebrate animals characterised by the possession of endothermy, hair, three middle ear bones, and mammary glands functional in mothers with young...

ian cells

Cell (biology)

The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all known living organisms. It is the smallest unit of life that is classified as a living thing, and is often called the building block of life. The Alberts text discusses how the "cellular building blocks" move to shape developing embryos....

 to genotoxic/physiological stress, and modulate tumor

Tumor

A tumor or tumour is commonly used as a synonym for a neoplasm that appears enlarged in size. Tumor is not synonymous with cancer...

 formation. Gadd45 protein

Protein

Proteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form, facilitating a biological function. A polypeptide is a single linear polymer chain of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of...

s interact with other proteins implicated in stress responses, including PCNA

PCNA

Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen, commonly known as PCNA, is a protein that acts as a processivity factor for DNA polymerase δ in eukaryotic cells. It achieves this processivity by encircling the DNA, thus creating a topological link to the genome...

, p21

P21

p21 / WAF1 also known as cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 or CDK-interacting protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CDKN1A gene located on chromosome 6 .- Function :...

, Cdc2/CyclinB1, MEKK4, and p38 kinase.

History

• Gadd45a
  GADD45A
  Growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein GADD45 alpha is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GADD45A gene.-Interactions:GADD45A has been shown to interact with, MAP3K4, Cdk1, Cyclin B1, PCNA, GADD45GIP1 and P21. Gadd45a has been recently shown that interacts with Aurora A...
  
   was discovered and characterized in the laboratory of Dr. Albert Fornace Jr. in 1988.

• Gadd45b
  GADD45B
  Growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, beta, also known as GADD45B, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the GADD45B gene.- Function :...
  
   (MyD118) was discovered and characterized in the laboratories of Drs. Dan A. Liebermann and Barbara Hoffman in 1991.

• Gadd45g
  GADD45G
  Growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein GADD45 gamma is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GADD45G gene.-Interactions:GADD45G has been shown to interact with MAP3K4, PCNA, GADD45GIP1 and P21.-Further reading:...
  
  (CR6) was discovered and characterized in the laboratories of Drs. Kenneth Smith, Dan A. Liebermann, and Barbara Hoffman in 1993 and 1999.