Glycoside hydrolase family 5
Encyclopedia
In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 5 is a family
of glycoside hydrolases
.
Glycoside hydrolases are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond
between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy(http://www.cazy.org/GH1.html) web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.
Glycoside hydrolase family 5 CAZY GH_5 comprises enzymes with several known activities including endoglucanase ; beta-mannanase ; exo-1,3-glucanase ; endo-1,6-glucanase ; xylanase
; endoglycoceramidase .
The microbial degradation of cellulose
and xylans
requires several types of enzymes. Fungi and bacteria
produces a spectrum of cellulolytic enzymes (cellulases) and xylanases which, on the basis of sequence similarities, can be classified into families. One of these families is known as the cellulase family A or as the glycosyl hydrolases family 5. One of the conserved regions in this family contains a conserved glutamic acid
residue which is potentially involved in the catalytic mechanism.
In a recent study using Molecular Dynamics
simulations, a considerable correlation between thermal stability
and structural rigidity of members of family 5 with solved structures has been proved .
Protein family
A protein family is a group of evolutionarily-related proteins, and is often nearly synonymous with gene family. The term protein family should not be confused with family as it is used in taxonomy....
of glycoside hydrolases
Glycoside hydrolase
Glycoside hydrolases catalyze the hydrolysis of the glycosidic linkage to release smaller sugars...
.
Glycoside hydrolases are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond
Glycosidic bond
In chemistry, a glycosidic bond is a type of covalent bond that joins a carbohydrate molecule to another group, which may or may not be another carbohydrate....
between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy(http://www.cazy.org/GH1.html) web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.
Glycoside hydrolase family 5 CAZY GH_5 comprises enzymes with several known activities including endoglucanase ; beta-mannanase ; exo-1,3-glucanase ; endo-1,6-glucanase ; xylanase
Xylanase
Xylanase is the name given to a class of enzymes which degrade the linear polysaccharide beta-1,4-xylan into xylose, thus breaking down hemicellulose, one of the major components of plant cell walls....
; endoglycoceramidase .
The microbial degradation of cellulose
Cellulose
Cellulose is an organic compound with the formula , a polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain of several hundred to over ten thousand β linked D-glucose units....
and xylans
Xylan
Xylan is a generic term used to describe a wide variety of highly complex polysaccharides that are found in plant cell walls and some algae. Xylans are polysaccharides made from units of xylose ....
requires several types of enzymes. Fungi and bacteria
Bacteria
Bacteria are a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a wide range of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals...
produces a spectrum of cellulolytic enzymes (cellulases) and xylanases which, on the basis of sequence similarities, can be classified into families. One of these families is known as the cellulase family A or as the glycosyl hydrolases family 5. One of the conserved regions in this family contains a conserved glutamic acid
Glutamic acid
Glutamic acid is one of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids, and its codons are GAA and GAG. It is a non-essential amino acid. The carboxylate anions and salts of glutamic acid are known as glutamates...
residue which is potentially involved in the catalytic mechanism.
In a recent study using Molecular Dynamics
Molecular dynamics
Molecular dynamics is a computer simulation of physical movements of atoms and molecules. The atoms and molecules are allowed to interact for a period of time, giving a view of the motion of the atoms...
simulations, a considerable correlation between thermal stability
Thermal stability
Thermal stability is the stability of a molecule at high temperatures; i.e. a molecule with more stability has more resistance to decomposition at high temperatures....
and structural rigidity of members of family 5 with solved structures has been proved .