Demography

table 1. Jewish population by religion in Czechoslovakia

	1921, #	1921, %	1930, #	1930, %
Bohemia	79,777	1.19	76,301	1.07
Moravia	37,989	1.09	41,250	1.16
Silesia	7,317	1.09	(with Moravia)	(with Moravia)
Slovakia	135,918	4.53	136,737	4.11
Carpatho Russia	93,341	15.39	102,542	14.14
Total	354,342	2.6	356,830	2.42

Table 2. Declared Nationality of Jews in Czechoslovakia

Ethnonationality	1921, %	1930, %
Jewish	53.62	57.20
Czechoslovak	21.84	24.52
German	14.26	12.28
Hungarian	8.45	4.71
Others	1.83	1.29

Holocaust

For the Czechs of the Protectorate Bohemia and Moravia, German occupation was a period of brutal oppression. The Jewish population of Bohemia and Moravia (117,551 according to the 1930 census) was virtually annihilated. Many Jews emigrated after 1939; approximately 78,000 were killed. By 1945, some 14,000 Jews remained alive in the Czech lands.

Approximately 144,000 Jews were sent to Theresienstadt concentration camp

Theresienstadt concentration camp

Theresienstadt concentration camp was a Nazi German ghetto during World War II. It was established by the Gestapo in the fortress and garrison city of Terezín , located in what is now the Czech Republic.-History:The fortress of Terezín was constructed between the years 1780 and 1790 by the orders...

. Most inmates were Czech Jews. About a quarter of the inmates (33,000) died in Theresienstadt, mostly because of the deadly conditions (hunger, stress

Stress (medicine)

Stress is a term in psychology and biology, borrowed from physics and engineering and first used in the biological context in the 1930s, which has in more recent decades become commonly used in popular parlance...

, and disease, especially the typhus

Typhus

Epidemic typhus is a form of typhus so named because the disease often causes epidemics following wars and natural disasters...

 epidemic

Epidemic

In epidemiology, an epidemic , occurs when new cases of a certain disease, in a given human population, and during a given period, substantially exceed what is expected based on recent experience...

 at the very end of war). About 88,000 were deported to Auschwitz and other extermination camps. When the war finished, there were a mere 17,247 survivors. There were 15,000 children living in the children's home inside the camp; only 93 of those children survived.

See also

• History of the Jews in the Czech Republic
  History of the Jews in the Czech Republic
  Jews in the Czech Republic are predominantly Ashkenazic Jews, and the current Jewish population is only a fraction of the First republic's Jewish population. As of 2005, there were approximately 4,000 Jews living in the Czech Republic. There are ten small Jewish communities all around the country...
  
  
• History of the Jews in Slovakia
  History of the Jews in Slovakia
  Before World War II, 135,000 Jews lived in Slovakia. Some emigrated before the war, but most were killed in deportation. After the Slovak Republic proclaimed its independence in March 1939 under the protection of Nazi Germany, Slovakia began a series of measures aimed against the Jews in the...
  
  
• History of the Jews in Carpathian Ruthenia
  History of the Jews in Carpathian Ruthenia
  - 20th century census data:The last antebellum census in Hungary, 1910. The four counties of Hungary that coveredthe territory what we now call Carpathian Ruthenia were Ung, Bereg, Ugocsa and Máramaros....
  
  
• List of Czech and Slovak Jews
• Ethnic tensions in Czechoslovakia
  Ethnic tensions in Czechoslovakia
  This article describes ethnic tensions in Czechoslovakia from 1918 until 1992.- Background :Czechoslovakia was founded as a country in the aftermath of World War I with its borders set out in the Treaty of Trianon and Treaty of Versailles, though the new borders were de facto established about a...
  
  
• Jewish Party (Czechoslovakia)
  Jewish Party (Czechoslovakia)
  The Jewish Party was a political party of the First Czechoslovak Republic. It was founded in 1919 by the Jewish National Council in Prague. It was the strongest Jewish political party in the interwar Czechoslovakia although many Jews were rather active in non-Jewish parties, be they Czech, German...
  
  
• Jewish Conservative Party
  Jewish Conservative Party
  The Jewish Conservative Party was a political party of the First Czechoslovak Republic. It was created in August 1921 as a regional Carpathian Ruthenia splinter party from the Jewish Party by Markus Ungar, who was the top candidate of the Jewish Economic Party in Carpathian Ruthenia for the 1925...
  
  
• Jewish Economic Party
  Jewish Economic Party
  The Jewish Economic Party was a political party of the First Czechoslovak Republic. It was created in October 1925 by Slovak Jewish Orthodox rabbis as a regional Slovakian party against the Zionists-controlled Jewish Party...