Karangtengah inscription
Encyclopedia
Karangtengah inscription (also known as Kayumwungan inscription) is the inscriptions written on five pieces of stones dated 746 Saka or 824 CE, discovered in Karangtengah hamlet, Temanggung Regency
, Central Java
, Indonesia
. The inscription was written in ancient Javanese script in two languages; Old Javanese and Sanskrit
. The lines 1-24 was written in sanskrit, the rest of the lines was written in old Javanese. The inscription is linked with the temple Borobudur
and Mendut
. His daughter named Pramodhawardhani has inaugurated a Jinalaya (Sanskrit: the realm of those have conquer worldly desire and reach enlightenment), a sacred buddhist sanctuary. The inscription also mentioned a sacred buddhist building called Venuvana (Sankirt: bamboo forest) to place the cremated ashes of 'king of the cloud', the name for god Indra
, probably referred to King Indra of Sailendra
dynasty. Jinalaya was identified as Borobudur
. Venuvana was identified as Mendut
temple by Dutch archaeologist JG de Casparis, while Soekmono identified it with Ngawen temple instead.
In the parts written in old Javanese, mentioned about an event, that in the 10th day of Kresnapaksa in the month of Jyestha year 746 Saka (824 CE), Rakai Patapan pu Palar inaugurated that rice fields in Kayumwungan to be the tax free land protected by royal edict. Rakai Patapan pu Palar is identified as Rakai Garung
, the king of Medang Kingdom. Indonesian historian Slamet Muljana suggest Rakai Garung was another name of Samaratungga.
Temanggung Regency
Temanggung Regency is a regency in the Central Java Province of Indonesia. Its capital is Temanggung.All travelers going to the Dieng temple complex from Yogya or Semarang have to pass this regency...
, Central Java
Central Java
Central Java is a province of Indonesia. The administrative capital is Semarang. It is one of six provinces on the island of Java.This province is the province of high Human Development in Indonesia and its Points Development Index countries is equivalent to Lebanon. The province of Central Java...
, Indonesia
Indonesia
Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
. The inscription was written in ancient Javanese script in two languages; Old Javanese and Sanskrit
Sanskrit
Sanskrit , is a historical Indo-Aryan language and the primary liturgical language of Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism.Buddhism: besides Pali, see Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Today, it is listed as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India and is an official language of the state of Uttarakhand...
. The lines 1-24 was written in sanskrit, the rest of the lines was written in old Javanese. The inscription is linked with the temple Borobudur
Borobudur
Borobudur, or Barabudur, is a 9th-century Mahayana Buddhist monument near Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia. The monument comprises six square platforms topped by three circular platforms, and is decorated with 2,672 relief panels and 504 Buddha statues...
and Mendut
Mendut
Mendut is a ninth century Buddhist temple, located in Mendut village, Mungkid sub-district, Magelang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. The temple is located about three kilometres east from Borobudur. Mendut, Borobudur and Pawon, all of which are Buddhist temples, are located in one straight line...
Contents
The parts written in sanskrit mentioned about a king named SamaratunggaSamaratungga
Samaratungga was the head of the Sailendra dynasty who ruled Central Java and Srivijaya in the 8th and the 9th century. He was the successor of King Indra, and his name was mentioned in Karangtengah inscription dated 824 CE as the constructor of a sacred buddhist building called Venuvana to place...
. His daughter named Pramodhawardhani has inaugurated a Jinalaya (Sanskrit: the realm of those have conquer worldly desire and reach enlightenment), a sacred buddhist sanctuary. The inscription also mentioned a sacred buddhist building called Venuvana (Sankirt: bamboo forest) to place the cremated ashes of 'king of the cloud', the name for god Indra
Indra
' or is the King of the demi-gods or Devas and Lord of Heaven or Svargaloka in Hindu mythology. He is also the God of War, Storms, and Rainfall.Indra is one of the chief deities in the Rigveda...
, probably referred to King Indra of Sailendra
Sailendra
Sailendra is the name of an influential Indonesian dynasty that emerged in 8th century Java.The Sailendras were active promoters of Mahayana Buddhism and covered the Kedu Plain of Central Java with Buddhist monuments, including the world famous Borobudur.The Sailendras are considered to be a...
dynasty. Jinalaya was identified as Borobudur
Borobudur
Borobudur, or Barabudur, is a 9th-century Mahayana Buddhist monument near Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia. The monument comprises six square platforms topped by three circular platforms, and is decorated with 2,672 relief panels and 504 Buddha statues...
. Venuvana was identified as Mendut
Mendut
Mendut is a ninth century Buddhist temple, located in Mendut village, Mungkid sub-district, Magelang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. The temple is located about three kilometres east from Borobudur. Mendut, Borobudur and Pawon, all of which are Buddhist temples, are located in one straight line...
temple by Dutch archaeologist JG de Casparis, while Soekmono identified it with Ngawen temple instead.
In the parts written in old Javanese, mentioned about an event, that in the 10th day of Kresnapaksa in the month of Jyestha year 746 Saka (824 CE), Rakai Patapan pu Palar inaugurated that rice fields in Kayumwungan to be the tax free land protected by royal edict. Rakai Patapan pu Palar is identified as Rakai Garung
Samaratungga
Samaratungga was the head of the Sailendra dynasty who ruled Central Java and Srivijaya in the 8th and the 9th century. He was the successor of King Indra, and his name was mentioned in Karangtengah inscription dated 824 CE as the constructor of a sacred buddhist building called Venuvana to place...
, the king of Medang Kingdom. Indonesian historian Slamet Muljana suggest Rakai Garung was another name of Samaratungga.
See also
- Canggal inscriptionCanggal inscriptionThe Canggal inscription is a Javanese inscription dated to 732, discovered in the Gunung Wukir temple complex in Kadiluwih village, Salam, Magelang Regency, Central Java. The inscription is written in the Pallawa script in the Sanskrit language...
(732) - Kalasan inscriptionKalasan inscriptionThe Kalasan inscription is an inscription dated 700 Saka , discovered in Kalasan village, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The inscription was written in Sanskrit with Pranagari script .-Contents:...
(778) - Kelurak inscriptionKelurak inscriptionThe Kelurak inscription is an inscription dated 704 Saka , written in Sanskrit with Pranagari script, discovered near Lumbung temple in Kelurak village, located not far north of Prambanan temple, Central Java, Indonesia...
(782) - Tri Tepusan inscriptionTri Tepusan inscriptionThe Tri Tepusan inscription is an inscription discovered in Kedu Plain, Temanggung Regency, Central Java, Indonesia, dated from 842 CE. This inscription is linked with Borobudur buddhist monument.-Contents:...
(842)