Kholuy
Encyclopedia
Kholuy is a village
(selo) in Yuzhsky District
of Ivanovo Oblast
, Russia
, situated southwest of Puchezh
some 71 km (44 mi) away from the Shuya railway station. Population: 1,031 (2002 Census
); 1,299 (1989 Census
). Kholuy had a status of urban-type settlement
until 2004, when it was demoted to a village http://piscovskiy.narod.ru/smi4.html.
Kholuy is located on the banks of the Teza River
, a tributary
of the Klyazma River
. Its economy is based on textile
production, sewing
, forestry
, woodworking
, baked goods, agriculture
, and artistic handicrafts. Kholuy's area of specialty in the artistic sphere revolves around the painting of lacquered boxes
, made from papier mache (Kholuy miniature
).
A Russian legend claims that it was a home to icon-painters even before the Mongol invasions. At least since the 17th century, Kholuy has been a producer of lacquer boxes, plates, and other painted items that this region of Russia is famous for. After the October Revolution
, icon-painting became unpopular and even dangerous. However, Kholuy painters kept painting, at this time in secrecy, giving the area a kind of legitimacy in the cultural and artistic world.
The style of icon painting in Kholuy is particular to this town, and distinctly different from the more widely-known Palekh
style of painting. The icon-painters in Kholuy use a large amount of green hues, as opposed to the style of using mostly red colors, as is traditional in Palekh.
Types of settlements in Russia
The classification system of the types of inhabited localities in Russia, the former Soviet Union, and some other post-Soviet states has certain peculiarities compared to the classification systems in other countries.-Modern classification in Russia:...
(selo) in Yuzhsky District
Yuzhsky District
Yuzhsky District is an administrative district , one of the 21 in Ivanovo Oblast, Russia....
of Ivanovo Oblast
Ivanovo Oblast
Ivanovo Oblast is a federal subject of Russia .Its three largest cities are Ivanovo , Kineshma, and Shuya.The principal center of tourism is Plyos. The Volga River flows through the northern part of the oblast....
, Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
, situated southwest of Puchezh
Puchezh
Puchezh is a town and the administrative center of Puchezhsky District of Ivanovo Oblast, Russia, located to the southeast of Myshkin. Population: Puchezh is a port on the west side of the Volga River, situated southeast of Kineshma and east of Ivanovo....
some 71 km (44 mi) away from the Shuya railway station. Population: 1,031 (2002 Census
Russian Census (2002)
Russian Census of 2002 was the first census of the Russian Federation carried out on October 9 through October 16, 2002. It was carried out by the Russian Federal Service of State Statistics .-Resident population:...
); 1,299 (1989 Census
Soviet Census (1989)
The 1989 Soviet census, conducted between January 12-19 of that year, was the last one conducted in the former USSR. It resulted in a total population of 286,730,819 inhabitants...
). Kholuy had a status of urban-type settlement
Urban-type settlement
Urban-type settlement ; , selyshche mis'koho typu ) is an official designation for a type of locality used in some of the countries of the former Soviet Union...
until 2004, when it was demoted to a village http://piscovskiy.narod.ru/smi4.html.
Kholuy is located on the banks of the Teza River
Teza River
The Teza River is a river in Ivanovo Oblast, Russia. It is a left tributary of the Klyazma River, which is in turn a tributary of the Volga River. It has a length of 192 kilometers and a drainage basin with an area of 3,450 square kilometers. Annual flooding occurs between April and the middle of...
, a tributary
Tributary
A tributary or affluent is a stream or river that flows into a main stem river or a lake. A tributary does not flow directly into a sea or ocean...
of the Klyazma River
Klyazma River
The Klyazma River is a river in the Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, Ivanovo and Vladimir Oblasts in Russia, a left tributary of the Oka River. The length of the river is 686 kilometres. The area of its drainage basin is 42,500 km². The Klyazma River freezes up in November and stays under the ice...
. Its economy is based on textile
Textile
A textile or cloth is a flexible woven material consisting of a network of natural or artificial fibres often referred to as thread or yarn. Yarn is produced by spinning raw fibres of wool, flax, cotton, or other material to produce long strands...
production, sewing
Sewing
Sewing is the craft of fastening or attaching objects using stitches made with a needle and thread. Sewing is one of the oldest of the textile arts, arising in the Paleolithic era...
, forestry
Forestry
Forestry is the interdisciplinary profession embracing the science, art, and craft of creating, managing, using, and conserving forests and associated resources in a sustainable manner to meet desired goals, needs, and values for human benefit. Forestry is practiced in plantations and natural stands...
, woodworking
Woodworking
Woodworking is the process of building, making or carving something using wood.-History:Along with stone, mud, and animal parts, wood was one of the first materials worked by early humans. Microwear analysis of the Mousterian stone tools used by the Neanderthals show that many were used to work wood...
, baked goods, agriculture
Agriculture
Agriculture is the cultivation of animals, plants, fungi and other life forms for food, fiber, and other products used to sustain life. Agriculture was the key implement in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that nurtured the...
, and artistic handicrafts. Kholuy's area of specialty in the artistic sphere revolves around the painting of lacquered boxes
Kholuy miniature
A Kholuy miniature is a Russian folk handicraft of miniature painting, made with tempera on a varnished box of papier-mâché. This form of Russian lacquer art is produced exclusively by students of the Kholuy school, a rural settlement in Ivanovo Oblast....
, made from papier mache (Kholuy miniature
Kholuy miniature
A Kholuy miniature is a Russian folk handicraft of miniature painting, made with tempera on a varnished box of papier-mâché. This form of Russian lacquer art is produced exclusively by students of the Kholuy school, a rural settlement in Ivanovo Oblast....
).
A Russian legend claims that it was a home to icon-painters even before the Mongol invasions. At least since the 17th century, Kholuy has been a producer of lacquer boxes, plates, and other painted items that this region of Russia is famous for. After the October Revolution
October Revolution
The October Revolution , also known as the Great October Socialist Revolution , Red October, the October Uprising or the Bolshevik Revolution, was a political revolution and a part of the Russian Revolution of 1917...
, icon-painting became unpopular and even dangerous. However, Kholuy painters kept painting, at this time in secrecy, giving the area a kind of legitimacy in the cultural and artistic world.
The style of icon painting in Kholuy is particular to this town, and distinctly different from the more widely-known Palekh
Palekh
Palekh is an urban locality and the administrative center of Palekhsky District of Ivanovo Oblast, Russia. Its urban status is due to its economy not depending upon agriculture. Population:...
style of painting. The icon-painters in Kholuy use a large amount of green hues, as opposed to the style of using mostly red colors, as is traditional in Palekh.