List of Mongolian monarchs
Encyclopedia
Mongolia
was dominated by the Turkic and Mongol peoples such as the Xiongnu
, the Xianbei
, the Rouran
, the Gokturks, the Uighurs
and the Khitans from the 3rd century BC to the 11th century AD.
The origin of the Mongols appeared in historical records much earlier. However, their political role became prominent after the fall of the Liao Dynasty
in the early 12th century.
Mongolia
Mongolia is a landlocked country in East and Central Asia. It is bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south, east and west. Although Mongolia does not share a border with Kazakhstan, its western-most point is only from Kazakhstan's eastern tip. Ulan Bator, the capital and largest...
was dominated by the Turkic and Mongol peoples such as the Xiongnu
Xiongnu
The Xiongnu were ancient nomadic-based people that formed a state or confederation north of the agriculture-based empire of the Han Dynasty. Most of the information on the Xiongnu comes from Chinese sources...
, the Xianbei
Xianbei
The Xianbei were a significant Mongolic nomadic people residing in Manchuria, Inner Mongolia and eastern Mongolia. The title “Khan” was first used among the Xianbei.-Origins:...
, the Rouran
Rouran
Rouran , Mongolia name Jujan or Nirun Ruanruan/Ruru , Tan Tan , Juan-Juan or Zhu-Zhuwas the name of a confederation of nomadic tribes on the northern borders of Inner China from the late 4th century until the middle 6th century...
, the Gokturks, the Uighurs
Uyghur people
The Uyghur are a Turkic ethnic group living in Eastern and Central Asia. Today, Uyghurs live primarily in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in the People's Republic of China...
and the Khitans from the 3rd century BC to the 11th century AD.
The origin of the Mongols appeared in historical records much earlier. However, their political role became prominent after the fall of the Liao Dynasty
Liao Dynasty
The Liao Dynasty , also known as the Khitan Empire was an empire in East Asia that ruled over the regions of Manchuria, Mongolia, and parts of northern China proper between 9071125...
in the early 12th century.
Khamag Mongol (1120s-1206)
- Khabul KhanKhabul KhanKhabul Khan was the first known Khan of the Khamag Mongol confederation and great-grandfather to Genghis Khan.Khabul Khan was a son of Tumbinai Setsen and great-grandson of the Khaidu....
- Ambaghai KhanAmbaghaiAmbaghai Khan was a khan of Khamag Mongol in 1149-1156, one of the great grandson Khaidu Khan and the cousin and predecessor of Hotula Khan. During his rule, he was captured by the Tatars under the commands of the Chinese Jin Dynasty in response to the Mongols' growing power.In 1211 Genghis Khan...
- Hotula Khan
- YesugeiYesugeiYesügei Baghatur , was major chief of the Kiyad-Borjigin clan and the father of Temüjin , Hasar, Hachiun, Temüge, Temülen, Behter, and Belgutei. Yesügei was the son of Bartan Baghatur, who was the son of Khabul Khan, who was recognized as a khagan by the Jin Dynasty...
(de-facto) - Genghis KhanGenghis KhanGenghis Khan , born Temujin and occasionally known by his temple name Taizu , was the founder and Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, which became the largest contiguous empire in history after his death....
Khagans of the Mongol Empire (1206-1368)
- Genghis KhanGenghis KhanGenghis Khan , born Temujin and occasionally known by his temple name Taizu , was the founder and Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, which became the largest contiguous empire in history after his death....
(1206–1227) - ToluiToluiTolui, was the youngest son of Genghis Khan by his chief khatun Börte...
(regent) (1227–1229) - Ögedei KhanÖgedei KhanÖgedei Khan, born Ögedei was the third son of Genghis Khan and second Great Khan of the Mongol Empire by succeeding his father...
(1229–1241) - Töregene KhatunTöregene KhatunTöregene Khatun was the Great Khatun and regent of the Mongol Empire from the death of her husband Ögedei Khan in 1241 until the election of her eldest son Güyük Khan in 1246.-Background:...
(regent) (1243–1246) - Güyük KhanGüyük KhanGüyük was the third Great Khan of the Mongol Empire. As the eldest son of Ögedei Khan and a grandson of Genghis Khan, he reigned from 1246 to 1248...
(1246–1248) - Oghul Ghaymish (regent) (1248–1251)
- Möngke KhanMöngke KhanMöngke Khan , born Möngke, , was the fourth Great Khan of the Mongol Empire from July 1, 1251 – August 11, 1259. He was the first Great Khan from the Toluid line, and made significant reforms to improve the administration of the Empire during his reign...
(1251–1259)
Mongol Yuan Dynasty
- Kublai KhanKublai KhanKublai Khan , born Kublai and also known by the temple name Shizu , was the fifth Great Khan of the Mongol Empire from 1260 to 1294 and the founder of the Yuan Dynasty in China...
- Late Mongolian title: Setsen (Сэцэн); Chinese title: Shizu- 1271-1294 Zhiyuan 1264-1294 - Temür Khân - Mongolian title: Oljeitu (Өлзийт); Chinese title ChengzongEmperor Chengzong of Yuan ChinaTemür Öljeytü Khan , born Temür , or Emperor Chengzong of Yuan , also spelled Timur, was the second leader of the Yuan Dynasty between May 10, 1294 and February 10, 1307, and is considered as the sixth Great Khan of the Mongols in Mongolia...
; 1294–1307; Yuanzhen 1295-1297;Dade 1297-1307 - Khaiysan- Mongolian title: Khülük (Хүлэг); Chinese title: Wuzong - 1308-1311; Zhida 1308-1311
- Ayurparibhadra - Chinese title: RenzongEmperor Renzong of Yuan ChinaBuyantu Khan , also known as Emperor Renzong of Yuan , born Ayurbarwada, was the Emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, and is regarded as the eighth Great Khan of the Mongols in Mongolia....
(仁宗)-1311-1320; Huangqing 1312-1313;Yanyou 1314-1320 - Suddhipala - Mongolian title: Gegeen (Гэгээн); Chinese title: Yingzong- 1321-1323; Zhizhi 1321-1323; Jinzong
- Yesün-Temür-Chinese title:Taiding Di - 1323-1328;Taiding 1321-1328;Zhihe 1328
- Arigaba - Tianshun Di; Tianshun 1328
- Toq-Temür - Mongolian title: Zayaghatu (Заяат); Chinese titles: Wenzong; 1328–1329 and 1329–1332; Tianli 1328-1330 Zhìshùn 1330-1332
- Qutuqtu Mongolian title: Khuslen (Хүслэн); Chinese title: MingzongEmperor Mingzong of Yuan ChinaKhutughtu Khan , also known as Emperor Mingzong of Yuan , born Kuśala , was a son of Khayishan who briefly ascended to the throne of the Yuan Dynasty in 1329, but died soon after he seized the throne of Great Khan of the Mongols and Emperor of...
- 1329; - Irinchibal 1332; Chinese title: Ningzong; Zhishun 1332
- Toghan-Temür Mongolian title: Ukhaantu (Ухаант хаан); Chinese title: Huizong ; Shundi - 1333-1370; Zhishun 1333;Yuantong 1333-1335; Zhiyuan 1335-1340; Zhizheng 1341-1368; Zhiyuan 1368-1370
Khagans of Post-Imperial Mongolia (1368-1635)
- Biligtü KhanBiligtü KhanBiligtü Khan, born Ayushiridara , was a ruler of the Northern Yuan Dynasty in Mongolia...
(Ayurshiridar) (1370–1378) - Uskhal KhanUskhal KhanUskhal Khan , born Tögüs Temür , was a Mongol Emperor of the Northern Yuan Dynasty in Mongolia. He was the last powerful khan of the Mongols until the reign of Dayan Khan....
(Tögüs Temür) (1378–1388) - Jorightu Khan (Yesüder) (1388–1392)?
- Engke Khan (?-1392)
- Elbeg Nigülesügchi Khan (1392–1399)
- Gün Temür Khan (1400–1402)
- Örüg Temür KhanÖrüg Temür KhanÖrüg Temür or Gulichi was a Mongol leader who temporarily throned himself Khan of the Mongols in the early 15th century. He might be the same person, Ugechi Khashikha who appeared in Mongolian history. Khashikha means prince or duke in Tungusic languages...
(Guilichi) - non-Chingisid (or Ogedeid?) - Öljei Temür KhanÖljei Temür KhanÖljei Temür Khan was the Mongol khan of the Northern Yuan Dynasty in Mongolia. He was a son of Elbeg Nigülesügchi Khan and younger brother of Gün Temür Khan...
(Bunyashiri) (1403–1412) - Delbeg KhanDelbeg KhanDelbeg was the Mongol Khan of the Northern Yuan Dynasty in Mongolia. The Oirats finally installed the young Delbeg in 1412 as their puppet Mongol Khan, but this was not recognized by most of Mongol clans in the central and eastern Mongol territories.According to Saghan Secen, Delbeg was a son of...
(Dalbag) (1415) - Oyiradai KhanOyiradai KhanOyiradai was the Mongol Khan of the Northern Yuan Dynasty in Mongolia. Oyiradai ascent to the throne of khagan in 1415 with the help of the Oirats after Delbeg Khan was killed by eastern Mongols led by Adai Khan or perished in a battle with the Ming Dynasty in the same year, to legitimize...
(1415–1425) - Adai KhanAdai KhanAdai was the Mongol Khan of the Northern Yuan Dynasty in Mongolia. After the prominent eastern Mongolian chancellor, Arughtai, threw his allegiance to him, he briefly reunited most of the Mongols under his banner.- Lineage and early life :...
(1425–1438) - Tayisung Khan Toghtoa Bukha (1433–1452)
- AgbarjinAgbarjinAgbarjin or Akbarjin was the khagan claimant of the Northern Yuan Dynasty in Mongolia. He was the youngest brother of Tayisung Khan Toghtoa Bukha....
(1453) - Esen TayisiEsen TayisiEsen taishi was a powerful Oirat Khagan of the Northern Yuan Dynasty in Mongolia in the 15th century. He is best known for capturing the Zhengtong Emperor of the Ming Dynasty in 1450 after the Battle of Tumu Fortress and briefly reuniting the Mongols...
- the leader of the OiratsOiratsOirats are the westernmost group of the Mongols who unified several tribes origin whose ancestral home is in the Altai region of western Mongolia. Although the Oirats originated in the eastern parts of Central Asia, the most prominent group today is located in the Republic of Kalmykia, a federal...
(1453–1454) - Markörgis KhanMarkörgis KhanMarkörgis was a Mongol Khan of the Northern Yuan Dynasty in Mongolia. Some scholars believe his name is Christian name....
(Ükegtü) (1454–1465) - Mulan KhanMulan KhanMulan Khan , was the Mongol Khan of the Northern Yuan Dynasty in Mongolia and he was the eldest son of Tayisung Khan Toghtoa Bukha). Mulan Khan succeeded his younger brother Markörgis Khan in 1465 and it was prophesied "By you the great people will regain strength in legal order. Ascend to throne...
(1465–1466) - Manduulun KhanManduulun KhanManduul Khan , was the Mongol Khan of the Northern Yuan Dynasty in Mongolia, and he was the younger brother of Tayisung Khan, Emperor Taizong of Northern Yuan , but the two had different mothers.After the death of Mulan Khan, the position remain vacant for nearly a decade as warring Mongol clans...
(1475–1478) - Dayan KhanDayan KhanDayan Khan , was a Mongol khan who reunited the Mongols under Chinggisid supremacy in the Northern Yuan Dynasty in Mongolia...
(Batu Möngke) (1478–1516) - Bars Bolud JinongBars Bolud JinongBarsbolad Jinong was a Mongol Khan of the Northern Yuan Dynasty in Mongolia. Barsbolad Jinong was the third son of Dayan Khan, who appointed his grandson , Bodi Alagh Khan as his successor...
(1516) - Bodi Alagh KhanBodi Alagh KhanBodi Alagh Khan was the Mongol Khan of the Northern Yuan Dynasty in Mongolia. Bodi Alagh Khan was Dayan Khan’s second son’s eldest son and was handpicked by Dayan Khan as his successor...
(1516–1547) - Darayisung Gödeng KhanDarayisung Gödeng KhanDarayisung Khan , was the Mongol Khan of the Northern Yuan Dynasty in Mongolia. Darayisung Khan was the eldest son of Bodi Alagh Khan whom he succeeded as khan. During his rule, Altan Khan became stronger and more disrespectful of the power of the Great Khan and Darayisung Khan was unable to...
(1547–1557) - Tümen Jasagtu KhanTümen Jasagtu KhanTümen Jasagtu Khan was a 16th century Mongol khan of the Northern Yuan Dynasty in Mongolia who reigned from 1558 to 1592. He was the successor of Darayisung Gödeng Khan and had direct rule over the Chahar. It was during his rule that the Mongols conquered Daur and Evenks...
(1557–1592) - Buyan Sechen KhanBuyan Sechen KhanBuyan Sechen Khan was a Mongol khan of the Northern Yuan Dynasty in Mongolia and he was the eldest son of Jasaghtu Khan whom he succeeded. During Buyan Khan’s rule, the Mongol regime once again falling into disarray and although the great khan was recognized as the leader of all Mongols, this was...
(1592–1603) - Ligdan KhanLigdan KhanLigdan Khutugtu Khan was the last in the Borjigin clan of Mongol Khans who ruled the Mongols from Chakhar. His unpopular reign generated violent opposition due to his harsh restrictions over the Mongols...
(1604–1634)