List of dicotyledons of Montana
Encyclopedia
Montana
Montana is a state in the Western United States. The western third of Montana contains numerous mountain ranges. Smaller, "island ranges" are found in the central third of the state, for a total of 77 named ranges of the Rocky Mountains. This geographical fact is reflected in the state's name,...
according to the Montana Field Guide. This is a list of Dicotyledoneae order
Order (biology)
In scientific classification used in biology, the order is# a taxonomic rank used in the classification of organisms. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, family, genus, and species, with order fitting in between class and family...
s found in Montana. The Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks
Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks
The Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks is a government agency in the executive branch state of Montana in the United States with responsibility for protecting sustainable fish, wildlife, and state-owned park resources in Montana for the purpose of providing recreational activities...
has identified a number of dicot species as Species of Concern. Some of these species are exotics
Introduced species
An introduced species — or neozoon, alien, exotic, non-indigenous, or non-native species, or simply an introduction, is a species living outside its indigenous or native distributional range, and has arrived in an ecosystem or plant community by human activity, either deliberate or accidental...
(not native to Montana).
The dicotyledons, also known as dicots, are a group of flowering plant
Flowering plant
The flowering plants , also known as Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta, are the most diverse group of land plants. Angiosperms are seed-producing plants like the gymnosperms and can be distinguished from the gymnosperms by a series of synapomorphies...
s whose seed
Seed
A seed is a small embryonic plant enclosed in a covering called the seed coat, usually with some stored food. It is the product of the ripened ovule of gymnosperm and angiosperm plants which occurs after fertilization and some growth within the mother plant...
typically has two embryonic leaves or cotyledon
Cotyledon
A cotyledon , is a significant part of the embryo within the seed of a plant. Upon germination, the cotyledon may become the embryonic first leaves of a seedling. The number of cotyledons present is one characteristic used by botanists to classify the flowering plants...
s. There are around 199,350 species
Species
In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. While in many cases this definition is adequate, more precise or differing measures are...
within this group. Flowering plants that are not dicotyledons are monocotyledon
Monocotyledon
Monocotyledons, also known as monocots, are one of two major groups of flowering plants that are traditionally recognized, the other being dicotyledons, or dicots. Monocot seedlings typically have one cotyledon , in contrast to the two cotyledons typical of dicots...
s, typically having one embryonic leaf.
- List of Asters and Sunflowers of Montana, Order: AsteralesAsteralesAsterales is an order of dicotyledonous flowering plants that includes the composite family and its related families.The order is a cosmopolite, and includes mostly herbaceous species, although a small number of trees and shrubs are also present.The Asterales can be characterized on the...
- List of Barberries and Buttercups of Montana, Order: RanunculalesRanunculalesRanunculales is an order of flowering plants. Of necessity it contains the family Ranunculaceae, the buttercup family, because the name of the order is based on the name of a genus in that family. Ranunculales belongs to a paraphyletic group known as the basal eudicots...
- List of Bedstraws and Madders of Montana, Order: RubialesRubialesRubiales was an order of flowering plants in the Cronquist system, including the families Rubiaceae and Theligonaceae. The latest APG system does not recognize this order and places the families within Gentianales....
- List of Bellflowers of Montana, Order: CampanulalesCampanulalesCampanulales is a valid botanic name for a plant order. It was used in the Cronquist system as an order within the subclass Asteridae in the class Magnoliopsida flowering plants...
- List of Alders, Birches and Oaks of Montana, Order: FagalesFagalesThe Fagales are an order of flowering plants, including some of the best known trees. The order name is derived from genus Fagus, Beeches. They belong among the rosid group of dicotyledons...
- List of Borage, Mints and Verbenas of Montana, Order: LamialesLamialesLamiales is an order in the asterid group of dicotyledonous flowering plants. It includes approximately 11,000 species divided into about 20 families...
- List of Buckthorn and Grapes of Montana, Order: RhamnalesRhamnalesThe Rhamnales are an order of dicotyledon plants. In the Cronquist system, the following families were placed here:* Family Elaeagnaceae – * Family Leeaceae* Family Rhamnaceae * Family Vitaceae...
- List of Buckwheats of Montana, Order: PolygonalesPolygonalesPolygonales was an order of flowering plants, recognized by several older systems, such as the Wettstein system, last revised in 1935, the Engler system, in its update of 1964, and the Cronquist system, 1981...
- List of Capers, Mignonette and Mustards of Montana, Order: CapparalesCapparalesCapparales is a botanical name of an order of flowering plants. It was used in the Cronquist system for an order in subclass Dilleniidae and in the Kubitzki system, nowadays...
- List of Caryophyllales of Montana, Order: CaryophyllalesCaryophyllalesCaryophyllales is an order of flowering plants that includes the cacti, carnations, amaranths, ice plants, and many carnivorous plants. Many members are succulent, having fleshy stems or leaves.-Description:...
- Celastrales, Order: CelastralesCelastralesCelastrales is an order of flowering plants. They are found throughout the tropics and subtropics, with only a few species extending far into the temperate regions. There are about 1200 to 1350 species in about 100 genera. All but 7 of these genera are in the large family Celastraceae...
- BittersweetCelastrus scandensCelastrus scandens, commonly called American Bittersweet or Bittersweet, is a species of staff vines that blooms mostly in June and is commonly found on rich, well-drained soils of woodlands. It has a sturdy perennial vine that may have twining, woody stems that are or longer and an inch or more...
, Celastrus scandens - Mountain-lover or Oregon BoxleafPaxistima myrsinitesPaxistima myrsinites is a species of shrub in the bittersweet family known by the common name Oregon boxleaf, or Oregon boxwood. It is native to western North America from British Columbia to northern Mexico to the Rocky Mountains, where it grows in forests, often in the understory. It is a low...
, Paxistima myrsinites
- Bittersweet
- List of Dipsacales of Montana, Order: DipsacalesDipsacalesThe Dipsacales are an order of flowering plants, included within the asterid group of dicotyledons.Under the Cronquist system, the order included Adoxaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Dipsacaceae, and Valerianaceae. Under the more recent Angiosperm Phylogeny Group system, the circumscription of the order is...
- List of Dogbane, Gentian and Milkweed of Montana, Order: GentianalesGentianalesGentianales are an order of flowering plants, included within the asterid group of dicotyledons.The circumscription of Gentiales in the Cronquist system included a broadly defined Loganiaceae , Retziaceae, Gentianaceae, Saccifoliaceae, Apocynaceae, and Asclepiadaceae...
- Dogwood, Order: CornalesCornalesCornales is an order of flowering plants, basal among the asterids, containing about 600 species. Plants within Cornales usually have four-parted flowers, drupaceous fruits, and inferior gynoecia topped with disc-shaped nectaries...
- Bunchberry DogwoodCornus canadensisCornus canadensis is a herbaceous member of the Cornaceae family...
, Cornus canadensis - Red-osier Dogwood, Cornus sericea
- Bunchberry Dogwood
- List of Dwarf-mistletoe and Sandalwood of Montana, Order: SantalalesSantalalesSantalales is an order of flowering plants with a cosmopolitan distribution, but heavily concentrated in tropical and subtropical regions.Most have seeds without a testa, which is unusual for flowering plants...
- List of Evening-primrose and Loosestrife of Montana, Order: MyrtalesMyrtalesThe Myrtales are an order of flowering plants placed as a basal group within the rosid group of dicotyledons...
- List of Flax of Montana, Order: LinalesLinalesLinales is a botanical name of an order of flowering plants. The Cronquist system used this name for an order placed in subclass Rosidae with the following circumscription :* order Linales*: family Erythroxylaceae...
- List of Fumary and Poppy of Montana, Order: Papaverales
- List of Geraniums, Impatiens and Woodsorrel of Montana, Order: GeranialesGeranialesGeraniales are a small order of flowering plants, included within the rosid subgroup of dicotyledons. The largest family in the order is Geraniaceae with over 800 species. In addition, the order includes some small families, contributing together another less than 40 species...
- Ginger, Order: AristolochialesAristolochialesAristolochiales is an order of flowering plants. It is not recognised in the APG or APG II systems, in which it is considered a synonym of Piperales. It also is not recognized in the Thorne system....
- Wild-gingerAsarum caudatumAsarum caudatum is native to rich moist forests of western North America from British Columbia to California and as far east as western Montana....
, Asarum caudatum
- Wild-ginger
- List of Ginseng and Parsley of Montana, Order: ApialesApialesThe Apiales are an order of flowering plants. The families given at right are those recognized in the APG III system. This is typical of the newer classifications, though there is some slight variation, and in particular the Torriceliaceae may be divided...
- List of Heaths, Wintergreens and Monotropes of Montana, Order: EricalesEricalesThe Ericales are a large and diverse order of dicotyledons, including for example tea, persimmon, blueberry, Brazil nut, and azalea. The order includes trees and bushes, lianas and herbaceous plants. Together with ordinary autophytic plants, the Ericales include chlorophyll-deficient...
- List of Mallows of Montana, Order: MalvalesMalvalesMalvales are an order of flowering plants. As circumscribed by APG II-system, it includes about 6000 species within nine families. The order is placed in the eurosids II, which are part of the eudicots....
- List of Creosote Bush, Maples and Sumacs of Montana, Order: SapindalesSapindalesSapindales is a botanical name for an order of flowering plants. Well-known members of Sapindales include citrus; maples, horse-chestnuts, lychees and rambutans; mangos and cashews; frankincense and myrrh; mahogany and neem....
- Milkworts, Order: Polygalales
- White Milkwort, Polygala alba
- Whorled Milkwort, Polygala verticillata
- Oleasters, Order: ProtealesProtealesProteales is the botanical name of an order of flowering plants. Such an order has been recognized by almost all taxonomists.-Families:The APG II system, of 2003, also recognizes this order, and places it in the clade eudicots with this circumscription:...
- American SilverberryElaeagnus commutataElaeagnus commutata , is a species of Elaeagnus native to western and boreal North America, from southern Alaska through British Columbia east to Quebec, south to Utah, and across the upper Midwestern United States to South Dakota and western Minnesota...
, Elaeagnus commutata - Canada Buffaloberry, Shepherdia canadensis
- Russian OliveElaeagnus angustifoliaElaeagnus angustifolia, commonly called silver berry, oleaster, Russian olive, or wild olive, is a species of Elaeagnus, native to western and central Asia, from southern Russia and Kazakhstan to Turkey and Iran...
, Elaeagnus angustifolia - Silver BuffaloberryShepherdia argenteaShepherdia argentea is a species of Shepherdia, native to central North America from southern Canada south in the United States to northern California and New Mexico.It is a deciduous shrub growing to 2–6 m tall...
, Shepherdia argentea
- American Silverberry
- List of Peas of Montana, Order: FabalesFabalesFabales is an order of flowering plants. It is included in the rosid group of the eudicots in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II classification system...
- Peony, Order: DillenialesDillenialesDilleniales is an order of flowering plants. The Cronquist system, of 1981, recognized such order and placed it in subclass Dilleniidae. It used the following circumscription:*order Dilleniales*: family Dilleniaceae*: family Paeoniaceae...
- Western PeonyPaeonia browniiPaeonia brownii , is a herbaceous perennial flowering plant in the family Paeoniaceae, native to the western United States, growing in dry sagebrush and Ponderosa Pine country...
, Paeonia brownii
- Western Peony
- List of Plantains of Montana, Order: Plantaginales
- List of Primrose of Montana, Order: PrimulalesPrimulalesPrimulales is a botanical name of an order of flowering plants. This name was used in several systems with little variation in circumscription...
- List of Rosales of Montana, Order: RosalesRosalesRosales is an order of flowering plants. It is one of the four orders in the nitrogen fixing clade of the fabids and is sister to a clade consisting of Fagales and Cucurbitales. It contains about 7700 species, distributed into about 260 genera. Rosales comprises nine families, the type family...
- List of Scrophulariales of Montana, Order: Scrophulariales
- List of Solanales of Montana, Order: SolanalesSolanalesThe Solanales are an order of flowering plants, included in the asterid group of dicotyledons. Some older sources used the name Polemoniales for this order....
- List of Spurge of Montana, Order: EuphorbialesEuphorbialesEuphorbiales is the botanical name of an order of flowering plants. Such an order has been recognized by relatively few taxonomists.In the APG II system the plants involved are placed in order Malpighiales...
- List of St. Johnswort and Waterwort of Montana, Order: ThealesThealesTheales is a botanical name at the rank of order. The name was used by the Cronquist system for an order placed in subclass Dilleniidae, in the 1981 version of the system the circumscription was:* order Theales*: family Ochnaceae*: family Sphaerosepalaceae...
- Sundews, Order: NepenthalesNepenthalesNepenthales is a botanical name for an order of flowering plants. The name was used by the Cronquist system for an order in subclass Dilleniidae, which in the 1981 version of this system included:* order Nepenthales*: family Droseraceae...
- English SundewDrosera anglicaDrosera anglica, commonly known as the English sundew or Great sundew, is a carnivorous plant species belonging to the sundew genus. It is a temperate species with a generally circumboreal range, although it does occur as far south as Japan, southern Europe, and the island of Kauai in Hawaii, where...
, Drosera anglica - Linear-leaved SundewDrosera linearisDrosera linearis, commonly called the slenderleaf sundew, is a sundew found in the Great Lakes region of North America, in Canada and the United States, such as in Michigan....
, Drosera linearis - Roundleaf SundewDrosera rotundifoliaDrosera rotundifolia is a species of sundew, a carnivorous plant often found in bogs, marshes and fens...
, Drosera rotundifolia
- English Sundew
- List of Urticales of Montana, Order: UrticalesUrticalesUrticales is a botanical name for what used to be an order of flowering plants. Before molecular phylogenetics became an important part of plant taxonomy, Urticales was recognized in many, perhaps even most, systems of plant classification, with some variations in circumscription...
- List of Violales of Montana, Order: ViolalesViolalesViolales is a botanical name of an order of flowering plants and takes its name from the included family Violaceae. The name has been used in several systems, although some systems used the name Parietales for similar groupings...
- Water Milfoil, Order: HaloragalesHaloragalesHaloragales is a botanical name for an order of flowering plants. In the Cronquist system of classification, of 1981, it was placed in subclass Rosidae and had this circumscription:* order Haloragales...
- Andean Water-milfoil, Myriophyllum quitense
- Common Water-milfoilMyriophyllum sibiricumMyriophyllum sibiricum is a species of water milfoil known by the common name shortspike water milfoil. It is native to Russia, China, and much of North America, where it grows in aquatic habitat such as ponds and streams. It generally grows over a meter long, its green stem drying white. It is...
, Myriophyllum sibiricum - Eurasian Water-milfoilMyriophyllum spicatumMyriophyllum spicatum is a species of Myriophyllum native to Europe, Asia, and north Africa. It is a submerged aquatic plant, and grows in still or slow-moving water.-Description:...
, Myriophyllum spicatum - Whorled Water-milfoil, Myriophyllum verticillatum
- List of Water Lilies and Watershields of Montana, Order: NymphaealesNymphaealesNymphaeales is an order of plants, which consists of water lilies and other aquatic plants.This order is considered to be a basal, or early diverging, group of angiosperms...
- Water-starworts and Mare's-tails, Order: CallitrichalesCallitrichalesCallitrichales Dumort is an order of flowering plants. As circumscribed by American botanist Arthur Cronquist in the Cronquist system , the order included three families:* Hippuridaceae* Callitrichaceae* Hydrostachyaceae....
- Mare's tails, Family: Hippuridaceae
- Common Mare's-tail, Hippuris vulgaris
- Water-starworts, Family: Callitrichaceae
- Autumnal Water-starwort, Callitriche hermaphroditica
- Large Water-starwort, Callitriche heterophylla
- Pond Water-starwortCallitriche stagnalisCallitriche stagnalis is a species of aquatic plant known by the common name pond water starwort.It is native to Europe but it is present on other continents as an introduced species and sometimes a noxious weed of waterways. This is an annual herb rooting to the substrate in shallow water or in...
, Callitriche stagnalis - Vernal Water Starwort, Callitriche palustris
- Mare's tails, Family: Hippuridaceae
- List of Poplars and Willows of Montana, Order: Salicales
See also
- Monocotyledons of Montana
- Coniferous plants of Montana
- Lichens of MontanaLichens of MontanaThere are at least 41 species of Lichens, Ascomycota known to exist in Montana. The Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks has identified a number of lichen species as Species of Concern....