List of endangered languages in South America
Encyclopedia
An endangered language
is a language
that it is at risk of falling out of use, generally because it has few surviving speakers. If it loses all of its native speakers, it becomes an extinct language
.
South America
is a continent
of the Americas
, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere
and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere
, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere
. It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean
and on the north and east by the Atlantic Ocean
; North America
and the Caribbean Sea
lie to the northwest.
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Guyana
Paraguay
Peru
Suriname
Venezuela
Endangered language
An endangered language is a language that is at risk of falling out of use. If it loses all its native speakers, it becomes a dead language. If eventually no one speaks the language at all it becomes an "extinct language"....
is a language
Language
Language may refer either to the specifically human capacity for acquiring and using complex systems of communication, or to a specific instance of such a system of complex communication...
that it is at risk of falling out of use, generally because it has few surviving speakers. If it loses all of its native speakers, it becomes an extinct language
Extinct language
An extinct language is a language that no longer has any speakers., or that is no longer in current use. Extinct languages are sometimes contrasted with dead languages, which are still known and used in special contexts in written form, but not as ordinary spoken languages for everyday communication...
.
South America
South America
South America is a continent situated in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere. The continent is also considered a subcontinent of the Americas. It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east...
is a continent
Continent
A continent is one of several very large landmasses on Earth. They are generally identified by convention rather than any strict criteria, with seven regions commonly regarded as continents—they are : Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia.Plate tectonics is...
of the Americas
Americas
The Americas, or America , are lands in the Western hemisphere, also known as the New World. In English, the plural form the Americas is often used to refer to the landmasses of North America and South America with their associated islands and regions, while the singular form America is primarily...
, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere
Western Hemisphere
The Western Hemisphere or western hemisphere is mainly used as a geographical term for the half of the Earth that lies west of the Prime Meridian and east of the Antimeridian , the other half being called the Eastern Hemisphere.In this sense, the western hemisphere consists of the western portions...
and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere
Southern Hemisphere
The Southern Hemisphere is the part of Earth that lies south of the equator. The word hemisphere literally means 'half ball' or "half sphere"...
, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere
Northern Hemisphere
The Northern Hemisphere is the half of a planet that is north of its equator—the word hemisphere literally means “half sphere”. It is also that half of the celestial sphere north of the celestial equator...
. It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean
Pacific Ocean
The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth's oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic in the north to the Southern Ocean in the south, bounded by Asia and Australia in the west, and the Americas in the east.At 165.2 million square kilometres in area, this largest division of the World...
and on the north and east by the Atlantic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's oceanic divisions. With a total area of about , it covers approximately 20% of the Earth's surface and about 26% of its water surface area...
; North America
North America
North America is a continent wholly within the Northern Hemisphere and almost wholly within the Western Hemisphere. It is also considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas...
and the Caribbean Sea
Caribbean Sea
The Caribbean Sea is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean located in the tropics of the Western hemisphere. It is bounded by Mexico and Central America to the west and southwest, to the north by the Greater Antilles, and to the east by the Lesser Antilles....
lie to the northwest.
ArgentinaArgentinaArgentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires...
| Language | Comments | No. Speakers | Source | ISO 639-3 | Ethnologue entry |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chane language Chané language Chané is an extinct language of Argentina and Bolivia. It was either a dialect of or closely related to the Terena language of the Arawakan language family. There is little data on this language. In Argentina it was spoken in Salta province.... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
caj | |||
| Chiriguano language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Chorote language | see also Matacoan languages Matacoan languages Matacoan is a language family of northern Argentina, western Paraguay, and southeastern Bolivia.-Family division:... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Guarani Correntino language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Gununa Yajich language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Mapuche language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Mbya language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Mocovi language Mocovi language The Mocoví language is a Guaicuruan language of Argentina spoken by about 4,500 people mostly in Santa Fé province.- External links :**http://www.mpi.nl/DOBES/INFOpages/Posters/Argentina/Argentina.pdf*http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10412b.htm... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
moc | |||
| Nivacle language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
cag | |||
| Ona language Ona language Ona , also known as Selk'nam , is a language that was once spoken by the Selknam people in Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego in southernmost South America. there were 1-3 speakers left. 2000 estimates place it as "probably extinct."... |
1 to 3 (1991 Adelaar) | Ethnologue | ona | ||
| Pilaga language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
plg | |||
| Puelche language Puelche language Puelche is an extinct or nearly extinct language spoken by the Puelche people in the Pampas region of Argentina. The language is also known as Gününa Küne, Gennaken , Pehuenche, Northern Tehuelche, Gününa Yajich, Ranquelche, and Pampa, and may have five speakers, according to Ethnologue, if not it... |
5 or 6 | Ethnologue | pue | ||
| Quichua Santiagueno language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Tapiete language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
tpj | |||
| Tehuelche language Tehuelche language Tehuelche is a nearly extinct Chon language spoken by four people in Patagonia out of an ethnic group of 200. They were originally nomadic hunters from Chile. It is also known as Aonikenk or Aonek'o 'ajen... |
4 (2000 W Adelaar) 200 (2000 W Adelaar) | Ethnologue | teh | ||
| Toba Sur language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
tob | |||
| Vilela language Vilela language Vilela is a nearly extinct language which is only spoken in the Resistencia province of Argentina and in the eastern Chaco near the Paraguayan border. Dialects were Ocol, Chinipi, Sinipi; only Ocol survives... |
20 (1981 Buckwalter) | Ethnologue | vil | ||
| Wichi language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Yaghan language Yaghan language Yagán , also known as Yámana and Háusi Kúta, is one of the indigenous languages of Tierra del Fuego, spoken by the Yagán people... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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BoliviaBoliviaBolivia officially known as Plurinational State of Bolivia , is a landlocked country in central South America. It is the poorest country in South America...
| Language | Comments | Speakers | Source | ISO 639-3 | Ethnologue entry |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apolista language (Lapachu Lapachu language Lapachu, also known as Apolista, is an extinct Arawakan language of Bolivia. Aikhenvald classifies it together with Terena, Moxos, and related languages. It is not clear from surviving descriptions whether it was one language or two.... ) |
Apolista Apolista A native South American nation of western Bolivia. Sedentary farmers, hunters, gatherers and fishers, they spoke an Arawakan languages now gravely endangered, if not extinct. From 1713, they were gathered at a variety of missions with other nations, and rapidly lost their traditional culture to the... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Araona language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
aro | |||
| Ayoreo language Ayoreo language Ayoreo is a Zamucoan language spoken in both Paraguay and Bolivia. It is also known as Morotoco , Moro, Ayoweo, Ayoré, and Pyeta Yovai. However, the name "Ayoreo" is more common in Bolivia, and "Morotoco" in Paraguay... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
ayo | |||
| Baure language Baure language Baure is a nearly extinct Arawakan language spoken by only 13 of 200 ethnic tribal Baure people of the Beni department of northwest of Magdalena, Bolivia. Some Bible portions have been translated into Baure. Most speakers have been shifting to Spanish.... |
13 (2000 Adelaar) 631 (2000) | Ethnologue | brg | ||
| Bororo language Bororo language The Bororo language, or Borôro, also known as Boe, is the sole surviving language of a small family believed to be part of the Macro-Gê languages. It is spoken by the Bororo people, hunters and gatherers in the Central Mato Grosso region of Brazil.... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
bor | |||
| Callahuaya language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Canichana language Canichana language Canichana, or Canesi, is a possible language isolate of Bolivia . As of 1991 there were 500 Canichana people, but only 20 spoke the Canichana language; by 2000 the ethnic population was 583, but the language was extinct.-References:... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
caz | |||
| Cavinena language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
cav | |||
| Cayuvava language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Chacobo language Chácobo language Chácobo is a Panoan language spoken by about 550 of 860 ethnic tribal Chácobo people of the Beni department of northwest of Magdalena, Bolivia. Chácobo children are learning the language as a first language.-Numerals:-Pronouns:-Vocabulary:... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
cao | |||
| Chane language Chané language Chané is an extinct language of Argentina and Bolivia. It was either a dialect of or closely related to the Terena language of the Arawakan language family. There is little data on this language. In Argentina it was spoken in Salta province.... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
caj | |||
| Chimane language Chimane language Chimané , also known as Mosetén, is a language of the western Bolivian lowlands spoken by the Moseten and Tsimane peoples along the Beni River... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Chipaya language Chipaya language Chipaya is a native South American language of the Uru–Chipaya language family. The only other language in the grouping, Uru, is considered by some to be a divergent dialect of Chipaya. Ethnologue lists the language vitality as "vigorous," with 1200 speakers out of an ethnic population of around... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
cap | |||
| Chiquitano language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
cax | |||
| Chorote language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Chulupi-Ashlushlay language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Esse Ejja language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Guarani Chiriguano language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Guarayo language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Ignaciano language | see also Moxos language Moxos language Mojos are a pair of Maipurean languages spoken by the Moxos people of Northeastern Bolivia. The two Mojo 'dialects', Trinitario and Ignaciano, are as distinct from one another as they are from neighboring Maipurean languages.-Mojos:... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
ign | ||
| Itonama language Itonama language Itonama is a moribund language isolate spoken in the Amazonian lowlands of north-eastern Bolivia. Greenberg’s classification of Itonama as Paezan, a sub-branch of Macro-Chibchan, remains unsupported and Itonama continues to be considered an isolate or unclassified language.-Vowels:Diphthongs:... |
10 (2000 Crevels) 5,090 (2000 W Adelaar) | Ethnologue | ito | ||
| Jora language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
jor | |||
| Leco language Leco language Leco is a language isolate that, though long reported to be extinct, is spoken by 20–40 individuals in areas east of Lake Titicaca, Bolivia. The Leco ethnic population is about 80.-External links:... |
20 (2001 Simon van de Kerke) 80 (2000 W Adelaar) | Ethnologue | lec | ||
| Machineri language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Mataco language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| More language More language The Mossi language, Mòoré is one of two official regional languages of Burkina Faso, closely related and mutually intelligible with the Dagbani language spoken in northern Ghana... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Moseten language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Movima language Movima language Movima is a language that is spoken by about 1400 of the Movima, a group of Native Americans that resides in Bolivia. It is considered a language isolate, as it has not been proven related to any other language.-Phonology:Movima has five vowels:... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
mzp | |||
| Pacahuara language Pacahuara language Pacahuara is a nearly extinct Panoan language spoken by only 17 of 18 Pacahuara people. The Pacahuara have been located to northwest of Magdalena, Beni, Bolivia and to Nueva Esperanza municipality, of Federico Román Province in Pando. The Pacahuara are fully integrated with the Chácobo... |
17 (2000 W Adelaar) 18 (2000 Adelaar) | Ethnologue | pcp | ||
| Paunaca language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Pauserna-Guarasugwe language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Reyesano language Reyesano language Reyesano is a Tacanan language that was spoken by only a few speakers, including children, in 1961 in Bolivia. It is considered nearly extinct.... |
Possibly a few speakers (2000 W Adelaar) 4,118 (2000 W Adelaar) | Ethnologue | rey | ||
| Saraveca language Saraveca language Saraveca is an extinct Arawakan language once spoken in Bolivia by the Sarave. It is said to be the only language with a numeral system based exclusively on five, though in fact quinary systems are not uncommon. To some extent this is also an areal feature of other South American languages; many... |
0 | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
sar | ||
| Siriono language Sirionó language Sirionó is a Tupian language spoken by about 400 speakers in eastern Bolivia in the village of Ibiato and along the Río Blanco in farms and ranches.Sirionó has phonemic contrasts between front, central, and back close and mid... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
srq | |||
| Tacana language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
tna | |||
| Tapiete language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
tpj | |||
| Toba language Toba language Toba is a Guaicuruan language spoken in South America by the Toba people. In Argentina it is most widely dispersed in the east of Formosa and Chaco Provinces where the majority of the approximately 19,810 speakers of Toba reside. Other names for the language include: Chaco Sur, Qom, Toba Qom, and... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
tob | |||
| Toromona language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Trinitario language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
trn | |||
| Uru language Uru language The Uru language, also known as Iru-Itu , Morato, or Muratu, is the language of the Uros, an Amerindian people. In the year 2000 it had 2 remaining native speakers out of an ethnic group of 100 to 150 people in the La Paz Department, Ingavi Province, near Lake Titicaca in Bolivia, the rest having... |
2 (2000 W Adelaar) 142 (2000 W Adelaar) | Ethnologue | ure | ||
| Yaminahua language Yaminahua language The Yaminahua language is a Panoan language in Western Amazonia.Linguists estimate 1244 people speak the language. Its ISO 639-3 code is YAA. Very few Yaminawá people speak Spanish or Portuguese, and their literacy rate is extremely low.-External links:... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
yaa | |||
| Yuki language Yuki language The Yuki language, also known as Yukian, Ukiah, Ukomno'm, was a language of California, spoken by the indigenous American Yuki people, formerly in the Eel River area, the Round Valley Reservation, northern California. It became extinct some time in the 20th century... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
yuk | |||
| Yuracare language Yuracaré language Yuracaré is an endangered language isolate of central Bolivia in Cochabamba and Beni departments spoken by the Yuracaré people.... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
yuz | |||
BrazilBrazilBrazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
| Language | Comments | Speakers | Source | ISO 639-3 | Ethnologue entry |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amanaye language Amanayé language Amanayé is a possibly extinct Tupi language last spoken in the São Domingos do Capim Municipality on the Capim River in Brazil.... |
60 (2000 C Jensen) | Ethnologue | |||
| Anambe language Anambé language Anambé is a possibly extinct Tupi language spoken in Pará, on the Cairari River in Brazil. It is being supplanted by Portuguese and is considered an endangered language.... |
7 (1991 SIL) 77 (1993 SIL) | Ethnologue | |||
| Apiaca language Apiacá language Apiacá is a Tupi language of the Apiacá people of the upper Rio Tapajos area of Matto Grosso, Brazil. It is being supplanted by Portuguese.... |
2 (1986 Rodrigues) 90 (2000 C Jensen) | Ethnologue | |||
| Arikapu language Arikapú language Arikapú or Maxubí is an endangered Yabutian language that as of 1998 was spoken by only six individuals in Rondônia, Brazil, at the headwaters of the Rio Branco. It is being supplanted by Portuguese.... |
6 (1998 SIL) | Ethnologue | |||
| Arua language Aruá language Aruá is an extinct language of Brazil. The last speaker died in 1877. All that survives is a word list from 1869.... |
12 (1990) 40 (2000 C Jensen). | Ethnologue | |||
| Arutani language Arutani language Arutani is a nearly extinct language spoken by only 17 individuals in Roraima, Brazil and two others in the Karum River area of Bolivar State, Venezuela. It is one of the most poorly attested extant languages in South America, and may be a language isolate... |
17 in Brazil (1986 SIL)Population total all countries: 19. | Ethnologue | atx | ||
| Aura language Aurá language Aurá is an extinct Tupi language last spoken by two individuals in Maranhão, Brazil. It is considered an endangered language. Both speakers lived with the Guajá, but originally came from Pará.... |
2 (2004 SIL). | Ethnologue | |||
| Cafundo Creole language | 40 (1978 M Gnerre, U Estadual de Campinas). | Ethnologue | ccd | ||
| Guato language Guató language The Guató language, or , is a possible language isolate spoken by the about 10% Guató people of Brazil. Kaufman provisionally classifies it as a branch of the Macro-Gê languages, but no evidence for this was found by Eduardo Ribeiro.-Phonology:... |
40 (1993 SIL) 382 (1993 SIL). | Ethnologue | |||
| Himarima language Himarimã language Himarimã is the presumed language of the uncontacted Hi-Merimã people, who are thought to number about 40.... |
40. | Ethnologue | |||
| Jabuti language | 5 (1990). | Ethnologue | |||
| Juma language | 4 (1998)There were 300 in 1940. | Ethnologue | |||
| Karahawyana language Karahawyana language Karahawyana is a language spoken by about 40 individuals near Waiwai, Amazonas, Brazil. Some Karahawyana speakers live with the Wai-Wai and others near the Hixkaryana and speak those languages respectively. It is nearly extinct.... |
40 (1995 SIL). | Ethnologue | xkh | ||
| Karipuna language Karipuná language Karipuná is a Tupi language spoken by 12-15 individuals in Rondônia, Brazil, though it is unknown how many speakers live in the forest. It is near extinction. It is very similar to neighboring languages, and might be considered a dialect of Kagwahiva.... |
12 to 15 (2000 SIL). | Ethnologue | |||
| Katawixi language Katawixi language Katawixi is a Katukinian language formerly spoken in Amazonas, Brazil. It is extinct among the known populations of Katawixi people, though an uncontacted group nearby may be Katawixi-speaking.... |
10 (1986 SIL). | Ethnologue | xat | ||
| Katukina language Katukína language Katukína is a Katukinian language spoken by only one person in 1976 in Acre, Brazil. It is probably extinct.... |
1 (1976 SIL) 360. | Ethnologue | |||
| Kreye language Kreye language Kreye is a Gê language that is spoken by about 30 individuals in Maranhão and Pará, Brazil. It is considered an endangered language.... |
30 (1995 SIL). | Ethnologue | xre | ||
| Mapidian language Mapidian language Mapidian is a moribund Arawakan language of Brazil and formerly of Guyana.Kaufman classified Mapidian as a dialect of Wapishana, whereas Aikhenvald separates them. Ethnologue notes they have a "lexical similarity" of 10%.... |
50 in Brazil (1986 Howard). | Ethnologue | mpw | ||
| Matipuhy language | 40 (1995 AMTB). | Ethnologue | mzo | ||
| Monde language | 30 (1995 AMTB). | Ethnologue | |||
| Ofaye language Ofayé language The Ofayé or Opaye language, also Ofaié-Xavante, Opaié-Shavante, forms its own branch of the Macro-Gê languages. It is spoken by about a quarter of the small Ofayé people, though language revitalization efforts are underway.... |
15 (2002) 37 (1995 AMTB). | Ethnologue | |||
| Omagua language Omagua language Omagua or Omáwa is a dialect of Cocoma spoken by two Omagua people, both of whom are over eighty, who live near Iquitos, Peru. It was also at one time spoken in most of western Brazil.... |
There may be none left in Brazil (1995). | Ethnologue | omg | ||
| Oro Win language Oro Win language Oro Win is a moribund Chapacuran language spoken along the upper stretches of the Pacaás Novos River in Brazil.Oro Win is one of only five languages known to make use of a voiceless dental bilabially trilled affricate, .- Literature :... |
5 (1996 SIL) 55 (1998). | Ethnologue | orw | ||
| Piraha language Pirahã language Pirahã is a language spoken by the Pirahã. The Pirahã are an indigenous people of Amazonas, Brazil, living along the Maici River, a tributary of the Amazon.... |
150 speakers in 2004. Ethnic population: 200. | ||||
| Purubora language Purubora language The Puruborá language of Brazil is one of the Tupian languages. It is also known as: Aurã, Cujubim, Burubora, Kuyubi, Migueleno, Miguelenho or Pumbora. Specifically it is spoken in the Brazilian state of Rondônia, in Costa Marques and around the headwaters of the Rio São Miguel tributary of the... |
2 (2002 SIL). | Ethnologue | |||
| Sikiana language Sikiana language Sikiana is a Carib language that was spoken by 33 people in Brazil and 15 people in Suriname. It was spoken in Venezuela at one time and is now probably extinct there. Sikiana as a whole is near extinction.... |
33 in Brazil (1986 SIL)Population total all countries: 48. | Ethnologue | sik | ||
| Tariano language | 100 in Brazil (1996 A Aikhenvald) 1,500 in Brazil (1985 Rodrigues). | Ethnologue | |||
| Tora language | 40 (1990) 120 (1990 YWAM). | Ethnologue | |||
| Tremembe language Tremembé language Tremembé Teremembé is an extinct unclassified language of Brazil. It was originally spoken by the Tremembé people, who once inhabited the northern Brazilian coasts from Pará to Ceará. The Tremembé were described as a "Tapuia" tribe - that is, not part of the dominant Tupi–Guarani groups of the... |
Ethnologue | ||||
| Xeta language | 3 (1990 SIL) 100 to 250 (1986 SIL). | Ethnologue | |||
| Xipaya language Xipaya language Xipaya is an endangered language spoken in the Pará region of Brazil.It is one of the approximately 70 Tupian languages of South America.At last count, Xipaya was only spoken by two elderly women in Altamira, Pará.... |
2 (2000 SIL). | Ethnologue | xiy | ||
ChileChileChile ,officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far...
| Language | Comments | No. Speakers | Source | ISO 639-3 | Ethnologue entry |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Atacameno language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Aymara language Aymara language Aymara is an Aymaran language spoken by the Aymara people of the Andes. It is one of only a handful of Native American languages with over three million speakers. Aymara, along with Quechua and Spanish, is an official language of Peru and Bolivia... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
aym ayr ayc |
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| Huilliche language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
huh | |||
| Kawesqar language Kawésqar language Kawésqar is an Alacalufan language spoken in southern Chile by the Kawésqar people. Originally there were several distinct dialects... |
Alacaluf Alacaluf The Alacaluf are a South American people living in Chile on the Strait of Magellan , Chile. Their traditional language is known as Kawésqar.- Economy :They were a nomadic sea-faring people until the twentieth century... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
alc | ||
| Kunza language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
kuz | |||
| Mapuche language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Ona language Ona language Ona , also known as Selk'nam , is a language that was once spoken by the Selknam people in Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego in southernmost South America. there were 1-3 speakers left. 2000 estimates place it as "probably extinct."... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
ona | |||
| Qawasqar language | 20 (1996 Oscar Aguilera)Population includes 10 in Puerto Edin. | Ethnologue | alc | ||
| Yaghan language Yaghan language Yagán , also known as Yámana and Háusi Kúta, is one of the indigenous languages of Tierra del Fuego, spoken by the Yagán people... |
1 (2003) 100 (2000 W Adelaar). | Ethnologue | yag | ||
ColombiaColombiaColombia, officially the Republic of Colombia , is a unitary constitutional republic comprising thirty-two departments. The country is located in northwestern South America, bordered to the east by Venezuela and Brazil; to the south by Ecuador and Peru; to the north by the Caribbean Sea; to the...
| Language | Comments | Speakers | Source | ISO 639-3 | Ethnologue entry |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cabiyari language Cabiyari language Cabiyarí is an Arawakan language spoken along the Cananarí River in the Vaupes Region of Colombia in north western South America. The name is also spelled Cabiuarí, Cauyarí, Kauyarí, Cuyare, Kawillary.... |
50 (1976 Bourgue). | Ethnologue | cbb | ||
| Tariano language | 332 in Colombia (1998 Arango and SA!nchez). | Ethnologue | tae | ||
| Tinigua language Tinigua language Tinigua is an endangered language isolate spoken in Colombia. As of 2000, Tinigua had only two remaining speakers, both of whom were male. The remaining speakers live in Meta Department, between the Upper Guayabero and Yari rivers. Tinigua used to form a small language family with the now extinct... |
2 (2000) 2 | Ethnologue | tit | ||
| Totoro language | 4 (1998 Arango and SA!nchez) 3,650 (1998 Arango and SA!nchez) | Ethnologue | ttk | ||
| Angosturas Tunebo language | 50. | Ethnologue | tnd | ||
EcuadorEcuadorEcuador , officially the Republic of Ecuador is a representative democratic republic in South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and by the Pacific Ocean to the west. It is one of only two countries in South America, along with Chile, that do not have a border...
| Language | Comments | Speakers | Source | ISO 639-3 | Ethnologue entry |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achuar-Shiwiar language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
acu | |||
| Awapit language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Chachi language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
cbi | |||
| Cofan language Cofán language The Cofán language is the language of the Cofán people, an indigenous group native to Napo Province northeast Ecuador and southern Colombia, between the Guamués River and the Aguarico River .Approximately 60% of Cofán speakers in Ecuador are literate in their... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
con | |||
| Epera language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Huaorani language Huaorani language The Huaorani language, commonly known as Sabela is a language isolate spoken by the Huaorani people, an indigenous group living in the Amazon Rainforest between the Napo and Curaray Rivers... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Secoya language Secoya language The Secoya language is a Western Tucanoan language spoken by 297 Secoya people in Ecuador and 144 in Peru.... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
sey | |||
| Shuar language Shuar language Shuar, also known as Chiwaro, Jibaro, Jivaro, Shuara, or Xivaro, is a Jivaroan language spoken in the Southeastern jungle of the Morona-Santiago Province in Ecuador.... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
jiv | |||
| Siona language Siona language The Siona language is a Tukanoan language of Columbia and Ecuador.- Phonology :Vowels... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
snn | |||
| Tetete language Teteté language Teteté is an extinct Tucanoan language that was spoken in Ecuador close to the Ecuador-Colombia border. It was also formerly spoken in Colombia, but is now extinct there. It was spoken by the indigenous Tetete people, who did not survive the twentieth century.... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
teb | |||
| Tsafiqui language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Zaparo language | 1 (2000 SIL) 170 (2000 M R Wise SIL). | Ethnologue | |||
French Guyana
| Language | Comments | No. Speakers | Source | ISO 639-3 | Ethnologue entry |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arawak language Arawak language Arawak is the eponymous language of the Arawakan language family. The term is often used to cover the closely related Taino language of the Caribbean islands. The ethnonym Lokono may be used more specifically.... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
arw | |||
| Emerillon language Emerillon language Emerillon is a Tupi–Guarani language spoken in French Guiana on the rivers Camopi and Tampok.... |
400 | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
eme | ||
| Galibi language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Palikur language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
plu | |||
| Wayana language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
way | |||
| Wayapi language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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GuyanaGuyanaGuyana , officially the Co-operative Republic of Guyana, previously the colony of British Guiana, is a sovereign state on the northern coast of South America that is culturally part of the Anglophone Caribbean. Guyana was a former colony of the Dutch and of the British...
| Language | Comments | No. Speakers | Source | ISO 639-3 | Ethnologue entry |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Akawaio language Akawaio language Akawaio is a Cariban language spoken mainly in Guyana, most commonly in the region of the Upper Mazaruni. Though many speakers don't live in villages, there are a number of population centers, notably Kamarang, Jawalla, Waramadong, and Kako. Some 6,000 people speak Akawaio... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
ake | |||
| Arekuna language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Berbice Creole Dutch language | 4 or 5 (1993 S Kouwenberg)15 with limited competence (1989 J Holm). | Ethnologue | brc | ||
| Karina language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Lokono language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Makushi language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Mapidian language Mapidian language Mapidian is a moribund Arawakan language of Brazil and formerly of Guyana.Kaufman classified Mapidian as a dialect of Wapishana, whereas Aikhenvald separates them. Ethnologue notes they have a "lexical similarity" of 10%.... |
Ethnologue | mpw | |||
| Mawayana language Mawayana language Mawayana is an Arawakan language of Guyana.Aikhenvald lists Mawayana as an alternate name of Mapidian. However, Hicks reports that it has no "semantic" similarity with Mapidian or the other Wapishanan languages; it is thus left unclassified here.... |
50 (1986 Howard). | Ethnologue | mzx | ||
| Patamona language Patamona language Patamona is a Cariban language spoken mainly in Guyana by the Patamona people. It is one of several closely related languages called Ingarikó and Kapong.-External links:*... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
pbc | |||
| Wapishana language Wapishana language Wapishana is an Arawakan language of Guyana and Brazil.Kaufman considered Wapishana, Atorada, and Mapidian to be dialects. Aikhenvald separates Mapidian. Ethnologue notes that Atorada has 50% lexical similarity with Wapishana and 20% with Mapidian, and that Wapishana and Mapidian share 10%.... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
wap | |||
| Warao language Warao language Warao is a language isolate of the indigenous Warao people. It is the native language spoken by approximately 18,000 people inhabiting the Orinoco River delta in northeastern Venezuela as well as small populations of speakers in western Guyana and Suriname.A connection to the extinct Timucua... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
wba | |||
ParaguayParaguayParaguay , officially the Republic of Paraguay , is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to the east and northeast, and Bolivia to the northwest. Paraguay lies on both banks of the Paraguay River, which runs through the center of the...
| Language | Comments | No. Speakers | Source | ISO 639-3 | Ethnologue entry |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ache language Aché language Aché, also known as Guayaki, is a Guarani language of Paraguay. The six Aché dialects are distinct enough to cause some problems with communication.... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
yif | |||
| Angaite language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Ava-Guarani language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Ayoreo language Ayoreo language Ayoreo is a Zamucoan language spoken in both Paraguay and Bolivia. It is also known as Morotoco , Moro, Ayoweo, Ayoré, and Pyeta Yovai. However, the name "Ayoreo" is more common in Bolivia, and "Morotoco" in Paraguay... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
ayo | |||
| Enlhet language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Guana language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Guarani-Nandeva language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Guarayo language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Ishir language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Maka language Maká language Maká is a Matacoan language spoken in Paraguay by the Maká people. Its 1500speakers live primarily in Presidente Hayes Department near the Río Negro, as well as in and around Asunción.-Phonology:... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Manjui language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Mbya language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Nivacle language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
cag | |||
| Pai-Tavytera language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Sanapana language Sanapaná language Sanapana is a language of the Paraguayan Chaco. Use is vigorous, and it is a language of instruction in primary schools.... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
sap | |||
| Toba-Maskoy language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
tmf | |||
| Toba-Qom language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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PeruPeruPeru , officially the Republic of Peru , is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean....
| Language | Comments | No. Speakers | Source | ISO 639-3 | Ethnologue entry |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achuar-Shiwiar language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
acu | |||
| Aguaruna language Aguaruna language Aguaruna is an indigenous American language of the Jivaroan family spoken by about 45,000 Aguaruna people in Peru. The speakers live along the western portion of the Marañón River and also along the Potro, Mayo, and Cahuapanas rivers. Native speakers currently prefer the name Awajún. According to... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
agr | |||
| Amahuaca language Amahuaca language Amahuaca is an indigenous American Panoan-family language spoken by several dozen people in the Amazon Basin in Perú but up to 130 and also in Brazil by 220 people. It is also known as Amawaka, Amaguaco, Ameuhaque, Ipitineri, and Sayaco. The most closely related languages are Cashinahua and... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
amc | |||
| Andoa-Shimigae language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Arabela language Arabela language Arabela is an indigenous American language of the Zaparoan family spoken in two Peruvian villages in tropical forest along the Napo tributary of the Arabela river.... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
arl | |||
| Bora language Bora language Bora is an indigenous American language spoken in western South America. Bora proper has 94% mutual comprehensibility with the Miraña dialect. The majority of its speakers reside in Perú where 2,328 Bora-speakers live in the Northeast Yaguasyacu, Putumayo, and Ampiyacu river areas. Peruvian... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
boa | |||
| Cahuarano language | 5 (1976 SIL). | Ethnologue | cah | ||
| Campa Ashaninca language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Campa Asheninca language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Campa Caquinte language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Campa Nomatsiguenga language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Candoshi-Shapra language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
cbu | |||
| Capanahua language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
kaq | |||
| Cashibo-Cacataibo language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
cbr | |||
| Cashinahua language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
cbs | |||
| Chamicuro language | 2 (2000 Adelaar) 10 to 20 (2000 Adelaar). | Ethnologue | ccc | ||
| Chayahuita language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
cbt | |||
| Cholon language Cholon language Cholón, also known as Seeptsá and Tsinganeses, is a recently extinct language of Peru.- Phonology :Due to the amateur Spanish pronunciation spellings used to transcribe Cholon, its sound inventory is uncertain... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
cht | |||
| Cocama-Cocamilla language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
cod | |||
| Culina language Culina language Kulina is an Arawan language of Brazil and Peru spoken by about 4,000 people.- Grammar :... |
Madija | 1300 | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
cul | |
| Culle language Culle language Culle , also known as Ilinga , is a poorly attested extinct language of northern Peru. It is the original language of the regions of La Libertad, Cajabamba, and Pallasca... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Ese Eja language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Harakmbut language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Huambisa language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
hub | |||
| Huitoto language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Inapari language | 4 (1999 SIL). | Ethnologue | |||
| Iquito language | 35 (2002 SIL)1 monolingual 500. | Ethnologue | iqu | ||
| Isconahua language Isconahua language Isconahua or Iscobaquebu is an indigenous American language of the Panoan family. It is spoken by the Isconahua tribe in Peru. The Isconahua is a very isolated tribe and has very little contact with the outside world.As of 2000, there were 82 speakers.... |
82 (2000 WCD). | Ethnologue | isc | ||
| Jaqaru language Jaqaru language Jaqaru is a language of the Aymara family. It is also known as Jaqi and Aru. It is spoken in the districts of Tupe and Catahuasi in the province of Yauyos, within the Peruvian department of Lima... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
jqr | |||
| Jebero language Jebero language Jebero is an indigenous American language spoken by the Jebero people of Peru. It is only spoken by older adults, though there is interest in reviving the language.... |
2,000 to 3,000 (2000 W Adelaar). | Ethnologue | jeb | ||
| Machiguenga language Machiguenga language Machiguenga is a major Arawakan language of Peru. It is close enough to Nomatsiguenga to sometimes be considered dialects of a single language, especially given that both are spoken by the Machiguenga people.... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
mcb | |||
| Mashco Piro language | 20 to 100 (1976 SIL)All are completely monolingual. | Ethnologue | cuj | ||
| Matses-Mayoruna language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Munichi language Munichi language Munichi is a recently extinct language which was spoken in the village of Munichis, about 10 miles or 16 km West of Yurimaguas, Loreto Region, Peru. The last known mother-tongue speaker, Victoria Huancho Icahuate, died in the late 1990s, though some people remain in the village who know a few... |
3 (1988 SIL). | Ethnologue | myr | ||
| Ocaina language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
oca | |||
| Omagua language Omagua language Omagua or Omáwa is a dialect of Cocoma spoken by two Omagua people, both of whom are over eighty, who live near Iquitos, Peru. It was also at one time spoken in most of western Brazil.... |
10 to 100 in Peru (1976 SIL)Population total all countries: 10 to 100 627 (1976). | Ethnologue | omg | ||
| Orejon language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
ore | |||
| Piro language | 20 to 100 in 1976 | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
pie | ||
| Resigaro language Resígaro language Resígaro is a possibly extinct Arawakan language of Peru.Aikhenvald classifies it among the Western Nawiki Upper Amazonian languages. Kaufman had made it a separate branch of Upper Amazonian.... |
14 (1976 SIL). | Ethnologue | |||
| Secoya language Secoya language The Secoya language is a Western Tucanoan language spoken by 297 Secoya people in Ecuador and 144 in Peru.... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
sey | |||
| Sharanahua language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
mcd | |||
| Shipibo-Conibo language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
shp | |||
| Taushiro language Taushiro language Taushiro, also known as Pinche or Pinchi, is a nearly extinct possible language isolate of the Peruvian Amazon near Ecuador. In 2000 SIL counted one speaker in an ethnic population of 20... |
1 (2002 SIL) 20. | Ethnologue | trr | ||
| Ticuna language Ticuna language Tïcuna, or Tïkuna, is a language spoken by approximately 40,000 people in Brazil, Peru, and Colombia. It is the native language of the Tïcuna people. Tïcuna is generally classified as a language isolate, but may be related to the extinct Yuri language... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
tca | |||
| Urarina language Urarina language Urarina is a language spoken in Peru, specifically in the Loreto Region of Northwest Peru, by the Urarina people. There are only around 3000 speakers alive today according to the 2002 Ethnologue. It uses a Latin script... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
ura | |||
| Wariapano language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Yagua language Yagua language The Yagua language is spoken by the Yagua people, primarily in northeastern Peru. As of 2005, it appears that a few speakers may have migrated northward across the Peruvian-Colombian border near the town of Leticia... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
yad | |||
| Yaminahua language Yaminahua language The Yaminahua language is a Panoan language in Western Amazonia.Linguists estimate 1244 people speak the language. Its ISO 639-3 code is YAA. Very few Yaminawá people speak Spanish or Portuguese, and their literacy rate is extremely low.-External links:... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
yaa | |||
| Yanesha language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Yora language Yora language The Yora language also called Yura or Yuranahua is an indigenous language of Peru in the region of Manú National Park on the Panagua River. It belongs to the Panoan language family which also counts Cashibo language, Shipibo language the languages most closely related to Yora are the Yaminahua and... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
mts | |||
SurinameSurinameSuriname , officially the Republic of Suriname , is a country in northern South America. It borders French Guiana to the east, Guyana to the west, Brazil to the south, and on the north by the Atlantic Ocean. Suriname was a former colony of the British and of the Dutch, and was previously known as...
| Language | Comments | No. Speakers | Source | ISO 639-3 | Ethnologue entry |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Akurio language | 10 (2000 E.B. Carlin) | Ethnologue | ako | ||
| Carib language Carib language Carib, also known as Caribe, Cariña, Galibi, Galibí, Kali'na, Kalihna, Kalinya, Galibi Carib, Maraworno and Marworno, is an Amerindian language in the Cariban language family.... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Lokono language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Mawayana language Mawayana language Mawayana is an Arawakan language of Guyana.Aikhenvald lists Mawayana as an alternate name of Mapidian. However, Hicks reports that it has no "semantic" similarity with Mapidian or the other Wapishanan languages; it is thus left unclassified here.... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
mzx | |||
| Sikiana language Sikiana language Sikiana is a Carib language that was spoken by 33 people in Brazil and 15 people in Suriname. It was spoken in Venezuela at one time and is now probably extinct there. Sikiana as a whole is near extinction.... |
15 in Suriname (2001 Carlin) 50 | Ethnologue | sik | ||
| Trio language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
tri | |||
| Tunayana language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Wayana language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
way | |||
VenezuelaVenezuelaVenezuela , officially called the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela , is a tropical country on the northern coast of South America. It borders Colombia to the west, Guyana to the east, and Brazil to the south...
| Language | Comments | No. Speakers | Source | ISO 639-3 | Ethnologue entry |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Akawaio language Akawaio language Akawaio is a Cariban language spoken mainly in Guyana, most commonly in the region of the Upper Mazaruni. Though many speakers don't live in villages, there are a number of population centers, notably Kamarang, Jawalla, Waramadong, and Kako. Some 6,000 people speak Akawaio... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
ake | |||
| Anun language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Arutani language Arutani language Arutani is a nearly extinct language spoken by only 17 individuals in Roraima, Brazil and two others in the Karum River area of Bolivar State, Venezuela. It is one of the most poorly attested extant languages in South America, and may be a language isolate... |
2 in Venezuela (2002 SIL) Eth: 39 (2002 SIL) | Ethnologue | atx | ||
| Baniva language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
bvv | |||
| Bare language Baré language Baré is an Arawakan language, probably extinct, of Venezuela and Brazil. Aikhenvald reports "just a few old speakers left" of Baré proper, and that the Guinau variety was extinct. Ethnologue reports "no known speakers". Kaufman considers Baré proper, Guinau, and extinct Marawá to be distinct... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
bae | |||
| Bari language Bari language Bari is the Nilotic language of the Karo people, spoken over large areas of Central Equatoria state in South Sudan, across the northwest corner of Uganda, and into the Democratic Republic of Congo.... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
mot | |||
| Cuiba language Cuiba language Cuiba is a Guahiban language that is spoken by about 2300 people in Colombia and additional 650 in Venezuela. More than half of Cuiba speakers are monoglot, and in Colombia there is a 45% literacy rate.... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
cui | |||
| Guahibo language Guahibo language Guahibo, the native language of the Guahibo people, is a Guahiban language that is spoken by about 23,006 people in Colombia and additional 8,428 in Venezuela. There is a 40% rate of monolingualism, and a 45% literacy rate.-Stress:... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
guh | |||
| Guajiro language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Hoti language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
hti | |||
| Karina language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Kurripako language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Lokono language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Mako language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Makushi language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Mandahuaca language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
mht | |||
| Mapoyo language Mapoyo language Mapoyo is a Carib language spoken along the Suapure and Parguaza Rivers, Venezuela. The ethnic population is about 365.... |
3 (2000 Muller) 120 | Ethnologue | mcg | ||
| Nengatu language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Panare language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Patamona language Patamona language Patamona is a Cariban language spoken mainly in Guyana by the Patamona people. It is one of several closely related languages called Ingarikó and Kapong.-External links:*... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
pbc | |||
| Pemono language Pémono language Pémono is a Cariban language that was spoken by only an eighty-year-old woman when discovered in 1998 in Venezuela. The ethnic population now speaks Spanish. Pémono may already be extinct.... |
1 (2000 M-C Mattei Muller) | Ethnologue | pev | ||
| Pepojivi language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Piapoko language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Piaroa language Piaroa language Piaroa is an indigenous language of Colombia and Venezuela, native to the Piaroa people.A Wirö language is sometimes listed separately, or left unclassified... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
pid | |||
| Puinave language Puinave language Puinave, Waipunavi or Wanse , is a poorly attested and generally unclassified language of South America.-Consonants:-Vowels:... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
pui | |||
| Sape language Sapé language Sapé Kaliana is a nearly extinct language spoken along the Paragua and Karuna rivers. In 2008 a few elderly speakers were found. Sape is one of the most poorly attested extant languages in South America, and may be a language isolate.-External links:... |
5 (1977 E Migliazza) 25 or fewer (1977 Migliazza). | Ethnologue | spc | ||
| Saliva language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Sanema language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Sikiana language Sikiana language Sikiana is a Carib language that was spoken by 33 people in Brazil and 15 people in Suriname. It was spoken in Venezuela at one time and is now probably extinct there. Sikiana as a whole is near extinction.... |
Ethnologue | sik | |||
| Tunebo language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Uruak language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Warao language Warao language Warao is a language isolate of the indigenous Warao people. It is the native language spoken by approximately 18,000 people inhabiting the Orinoco River delta in northeastern Venezuela as well as small populations of speakers in western Guyana and Suriname.A connection to the extinct Timucua... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
wba | |||
| Warekena language Warekena language Guarequena is an Arawakan language of Brazil and Venezuela. It is one of several languages which goes by the generic name Baré.Kaufman classified it in a Warekena group of Western Nawiki Upper Amazonian, Aikhenvald in Eastern Nawiki.... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Yabarana language Yabarana language Yabarana is a Carib language that was spoken by 20 to 50 people in 1977 in Venezuela. It is nearly extinct.... |
20 to 50 (1977 Migliazza) | Ethnologue | yar | ||
| Yanam language Yanam language Yanam is a Yanomaman language spoken by approximately 560 speakers in Roraima, Brazil and southern Venezuela near the Mucajai, upper Uraricáa, and Paragua rivers.-Synonymy:... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Yanomam language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Yanomami language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
wca | |||
| Yaruro language Yaruro language Yaruro is an indigenous language language spoken along the Orinoco, Sinaruco, Meta, and Apure rivers of Venezuela. It is not well classified; it may be an isolate, or distantly related to the extinct Esmeralda language.... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Yavitero language Yavitero language -External links:*... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
yvt | |||
| Yekuana language | Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
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| Yukpa language Yukpa language Yukpa is a Cariban language, spoken by 7,000–8,000 people in Zulia State in Venezuela and across the border in Colombia. It's also known as Carib Motilón, Macoíta, Northern Motilón, Manso.... |
Red Book Red Book of Endangered Languages The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's languages currently facing extinction... |
yup | |||