Outline of Colombia
Encyclopedia
Colombia
Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia , is a unitary constitutional republic comprising thirty-two departments. The country is located in northwestern South America, bordered to the east by Venezuela and Brazil; to the south by Ecuador and Peru; to the north by the Caribbean Sea; to the...
is a sovereign country located in northwestern South America
South America
South America is a continent situated in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere. The continent is also considered a subcontinent of the Americas. It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east...
. Colombia is bordered to the east by Venezuela
Venezuela
Venezuela , officially called the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela , is a tropical country on the northern coast of South America. It borders Colombia to the west, Guyana to the east, and Brazil to the south...
and Brazil
Brazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
; to the south by Ecuador
Ecuador
Ecuador , officially the Republic of Ecuador is a representative democratic republic in South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and by the Pacific Ocean to the west. It is one of only two countries in South America, along with Chile, that do not have a border...
and Peru
Peru
Peru , officially the Republic of Peru , is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean....
; to the north by the Atlantic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's oceanic divisions. With a total area of about , it covers approximately 20% of the Earth's surface and about 26% of its water surface area...
, through the Caribbean Sea
Caribbean Sea
The Caribbean Sea is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean located in the tropics of the Western hemisphere. It is bounded by Mexico and Central America to the west and southwest, to the north by the Greater Antilles, and to the east by the Lesser Antilles....
; to the north-west by Panama
Panama
Panama , officially the Republic of Panama , is the southernmost country of Central America. Situated on the isthmus connecting North and South America, it is bordered by Costa Rica to the northwest, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the north and the Pacific Ocean to the south. The...
; and to the west by the Pacific Ocean
Pacific Ocean
The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth's oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic in the north to the Southern Ocean in the south, bounded by Asia and Australia in the west, and the Americas in the east.At 165.2 million square kilometres in area, this largest division of the World...
. Colombia also shares maritime borders with the Caribbean
Caribbean
The Caribbean is a crescent-shaped group of islands more than 2,000 miles long separating the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea, to the west and south, from the Atlantic Ocean, to the east and north...
countries of Jamaica
Jamaica
Jamaica is an island nation of the Greater Antilles, in length, up to in width and 10,990 square kilometres in area. It is situated in the Caribbean Sea, about south of Cuba, and west of Hispaniola, the island harbouring the nation-states Haiti and the Dominican Republic...
, Haiti
Haiti
Haiti , officially the Republic of Haiti , is a Caribbean country. It occupies the western, smaller portion of the island of Hispaniola, in the Greater Antillean archipelago, which it shares with the Dominican Republic. Ayiti was the indigenous Taíno or Amerindian name for the island...
and the Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic
The Dominican Republic is a nation on the island of La Hispaniola, part of the Greater Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean region. The western third of the island is occupied by the nation of Haiti, making Hispaniola one of two Caribbean islands that are shared by two countries...
and the Central American countries of Honduras
Honduras
Honduras is a republic in Central America. It was previously known as Spanish Honduras to differentiate it from British Honduras, which became the modern-day state of Belize...
, Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua is the largest country in the Central American American isthmus, bordered by Honduras to the north and Costa Rica to the south. The country is situated between 11 and 14 degrees north of the Equator in the Northern Hemisphere, which places it entirely within the tropics. The Pacific Ocean...
and Costa Rica
Costa Rica
Costa Rica , officially the Republic of Costa Rica is a multilingual, multiethnic and multicultural country in Central America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, Panama to the southeast, the Pacific Ocean to the west and the Caribbean Sea to the east....
.
Colombia is the 26th most extensive nation in the world and the fourth most extensive in South America (after Brazil, Argentina
Argentina
Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires...
, and Peru), with an area more than twice that of France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
. It also has the third-largest population in Latin America after Brazil and Mexico
Mexico
The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of...
.
The territory of what is now Colombia was originally inhabited by indigenous tribes which had migrated from North and Central America, including the Muisca
Muisca
Muisca was the Chibcha-speaking tribe that formed the Muisca Confederation of the central highlands of present-day Colombia. They were encountered by the Spanish Empire in 1537, at the time of the conquest...
, Quimbaya
Quimbaya civilization
The Quimbaya civilization is a South American civilization, noted for spectacular gold work characterized by technical accuracy and detailed designs. The majority of the gold work is made in tumbaga alloy, with 30% copper, which imparts beautiful color tonalities to the pieces...
, and Tairona
Tairona
Tairona was a group of chiefdoms in the region of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in present-day Cesar, Magdalena and La Guajira Departments of Colombia, South America, which goes back at least to the 1st century AD and had significant demographic growth around the 11th century.The Tairona people...
. To the south lay the Inca Empire
Inca Empire
The Inca Empire, or Inka Empire , was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America. The administrative, political and military center of the empire was located in Cusco in modern-day Peru. The Inca civilization arose from the highlands of Peru sometime in the early 13th century...
. The Spanish
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
arrived in 1499, and initiated a period of conquest and colonisation which ultimately led to the creation of the Viceroyalty of New Granada
Viceroyalty of New Granada
The Viceroyalty of New Granada was the name given on 27 May 1717, to a Spanish colonial jurisdiction in northern South America, corresponding mainly to modern Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, and Venezuela. The territory corresponding to Panama was incorporated later in 1739...
(comprising what is now Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador and Panama) with its capital at Bogotá
Bogotá
Bogotá, Distrito Capital , from 1991 to 2000 called Santa Fé de Bogotá, is the capital, and largest city, of Colombia. It is also designated by the national constitution as the capital of the department of Cundinamarca, even though the city of Bogotá now comprises an independent Capital district...
. Independence from Spain was won in 1819, but by 1830 "Gran Colombia
Gran Colombia
Gran Colombia is a name used today for the state that encompassed much of northern South America and part of southern Central America from 1819 to 1831. This short-lived republic included the territories of present-day Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Panama, northern Peru and northwest Brazil. The...
" had collapsed with the secession of Venezuela and Ecuador. Modern day Colombia, with Panama, emerged as the Republic of New Granada
Republic of New Granada
The Republic of New Granada was a centralist republic consisting primarily of present-day Colombia and Panama with smaller portions of today's Ecuador, and Venezuela. It was created after the dissolution in 1830 of Gran Colombia. It was later abolished in 1858 when the Granadine Confederation was...
. The new nation experimented with federalism as the Granadine Confederation
Granadine Confederation
The Granadine Confederation was a short-lived federal republic established in 1858 as a result of a constitutional change replacing the Republic of New Granada. It comprised the present day nations of Colombia and Panama...
(1858), and then the United States of Colombia
United States of Colombia
The United States of Colombia was the name adopted in 1861 through the Rionegro Constitution for the nation which had been known as the Republic of New Granada since the dissolution of the federation of Gran Colombia in 1830-1831....
(1863), before the Republic of Colombia was finally declared in 1886. Panama seceded
Separation of Panama from Colombia
The Separation of Panama from Colombia was formalized on 3 November 1903 with the establishment of the Republic of Panama from the Republic of Colombia's Department of Panama.-Prelude:...
in 1903.
Colombia has a long tradition of constitutional government, and the Conservative
Colombian Conservative Party
The Colombian Conservative Party , is a conservative political party in Colombia. The party was unofficially founded by a group of Revolutionary Commoners during the Revolutionary War for Independence from the Spanish Monarchy and later formally established during the Greater Colombia...
and Liberal
Colombian Liberal Party
The Colombian Liberal Party is a center-left party in Colombia that adheres to social democracy and social liberalism.The Party was founded in 1848 and, together with the Colombian Conservative Party, subsequently became one of the two main political forces in the country for over a century.After...
parties, founded in 1843 and 1848 respectively, are two of the oldest surviving political parties in the Americas. However, tensions between the two have frequently erupted into violence, most notably in the Thousand Days War
Thousand Days War
The Thousand Days' War , was a civil armed conflict in the newly created Republic of Colombia, between the Conservative Party, the Liberal Party and its radical factions. In 1899 the ruling conservatives were accused of maintaining power through fraudulent elections...
(1899–1902) and La Violencia
La Violencia
La Violencia is a period of civil conflict in the Colombian countryside between supporters of the Colombian Liberal Party and the Colombian Conservative Party, a conflict which took place roughly from 1948 to 1958 ....
, beginning in 1948. Since the 1960s, government forces have been engaged in conflict with left-wing insurgents and illegal right-wing paramilitaries. Fuelled by the cocaine trade, this escalated dramatically in the 1990s. However, the insurgents lack the military or popular support necessary to overthrow the government, and in recent years the violence has been decreasing. Insurgents continue attacks against civilians, and large swathes of the countryside remain under guerrilla influence, but the Colombian government has stepped up efforts to reassert government control throughout the country, and now has a presence in every one of its municipalities.
Colombia is a standing middle power
Middle power
Middle power is a term used in the field of international relations to describe states that are not superpowers or great powers, but still have large or moderate influence and international recognition. There is no single specific definition of which countries are middle powers.-Definition:There is...
with the second largest Spanish-speaking population in the world after Mexico
Mexico
The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of...
. It is also one of the largest manufacturers in South America. Colombia is very ethnically diverse, and the interaction between descendents of the original native
Indigenous peoples of the Americas
The indigenous peoples of the Americas are the pre-Columbian inhabitants of North and South America, their descendants and other ethnic groups who are identified with those peoples. Indigenous peoples are known in Canada as Aboriginal peoples, and in the United States as Native Americans...
inhabitants, Spanish
Spanish people
The Spanish are citizens of the Kingdom of Spain. Within Spain, there are also a number of vigorous nationalisms and regionalisms, reflecting the country's complex history....
colonisers, Africa
Africa
Africa is the world's second largest and second most populous continent, after Asia. At about 30.2 million km² including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of the Earth's total surface area and 20.4% of the total land area...
n slaves and twentieth-century immigrants from Europe
Europe
Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
and the Middle East
Middle East
The Middle East is a region that encompasses Western Asia and Northern Africa. It is often used as a synonym for Near East, in opposition to Far East...
has produced a rich cultural heritage. This has also been influenced by Colombia's incredibly varied geography. The majority of the urban centres are located in the highlands of the Andes mountains
Andes
The Andes is the world's longest continental mountain range. It is a continual range of highlands along the western coast of South America. This range is about long, about to wide , and of an average height of about .Along its length, the Andes is split into several ranges, which are separated...
, but Colombian territory also encompasses Amazon rainforest
Amazon Rainforest
The Amazon Rainforest , also known in English as Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle, is a moist broadleaf forest that covers most of the Amazon Basin of South America...
, tropical grassland
Llanos
The Llanos is a vast tropical grassland plain situated to the east of the Andes in Colombia and Venezuela, in northwestern South America. It is an ecoregion of the Flooded grasslands and savannas Biome....
and both Caribbean and Pacific coastlines. Ecologically, Colombia is considered to be among 17 of the most megadiverse countries
Megadiverse countries
The megadiverse countries are a group of countries that harbor the majority of the Earth's species and are therefore considered extremely biodiverse...
in the world.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Colombia:
General reference
- PronunciationInternational Phonetic AlphabetThe International Phonetic Alphabet "The acronym 'IPA' strictly refers [...] to the 'International Phonetic Association'. But it is now such a common practice to use the acronym also to refer to the alphabet itself that resistance seems pedantic...
: kəˈlʌm.bi.ə- koˈlom.bja
- Common English country name: ColombiaColombiaColombia, officially the Republic of Colombia , is a unitary constitutional republic comprising thirty-two departments. The country is located in northwestern South America, bordered to the east by Venezuela and Brazil; to the south by Ecuador and Peru; to the north by the Caribbean Sea; to the...
- Official English country name: The Republic of Colombia
- Common endonym(s): Colombia
- Official endonym(s): República de Colombia
- Adjectival(s): ColombianColombianColombian may refer to:* Something of, from, or related to the country of Colombia* Colombian people...
- Demonym(s): Colombian
- EtymologyEtymologyEtymology is the study of the history of words, their origins, and how their form and meaning have changed over time.For languages with a long written history, etymologists make use of texts in these languages and texts about the languages to gather knowledge about how words were used during...
: Name of Colombia - International rankings of ColombiaInternational rankings of Colombia-Demographics:*Immigrant population ranked 112 most immigrants*Population ranked 29-Economy:*World Bank List of countries by GDP ranked 35th biggest economy in the world-Health:...
- ISO country codes: CO, COL, 170
- ISO region codes: See ISO 3166-2:COISO 3166-2:COISO 3166-2:CO is the entry for Colombia in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization , which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.Currently for Colombia, ISO 3166-2 codes are...
- InternetInternetThe Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet protocol suite to serve billions of users worldwide...
country code top-level domainCountry code top-level domainA country code top-level domain is an Internet top-level domain generally used or reserved for a country, a sovereign state, or a dependent territory....
: .co.co.co is the country code top-level domain assigned to the Republic of Colombia. It is administered by .CO Internet S.A.S., a strategic venture formed between Arcelandia S.A. and Neustar, Inc...
Geography of Colombia
- Colombia is: a country
- Location:
- Western HemisphereWestern HemisphereThe Western Hemisphere or western hemisphere is mainly used as a geographical term for the half of the Earth that lies west of the Prime Meridian and east of the Antimeridian , the other half being called the Eastern Hemisphere.In this sense, the western hemisphere consists of the western portions...
, on the EquatorEquatorAn equator is the intersection of a sphere's surface with the plane perpendicular to the sphere's axis of rotation and containing the sphere's center of mass....
- South AmericaSouth AmericaSouth America is a continent situated in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere. The continent is also considered a subcontinent of the Americas. It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east...
- South America
- Time in ColombiaTime in ColombiaColombia has one time zone, Colombia Time , which is located in the UTC-05:00 zone, 5 hours behind Coordinated Universal Time . Its standard time zone abbreviation is COT. Colombia doesn't observe daylight saving time....
- Time zoneTime zoneA time zone is a region on Earth that has a uniform standard time for legal, commercial, and social purposes. In order for the same clock time to always correspond to the same portion of the day as the Earth rotates , different places on the Earth need to have different clock times...
: UTC-05
- Time zone
- Extreme points of ColombiaExtreme points of ColombiaThis is a list of the extreme points of Colombia, the points that are farther north, south, east or west than any other location.- Colombia :* Northernmost point: Santa Catalina Island in San Andrés y Providencia Department...
- High: Pico Cristóbal ColónPico Cristóbal ColónPico Cristóbal Colón is the highest mountain in Colombia and the fifth most prominent in the world . The nearest peak that is higher is Cayambe, some away. There is a permanent snowcap on this peak and on the nearby mountains. It is part of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta range, along with Pico...
5700 m (18,701 ft) or Pico Simón Bolívar 5700 m (18,701 ft) - Low: North Pacific Ocean and Caribbean SeaCaribbean SeaThe Caribbean Sea is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean located in the tropics of the Western hemisphere. It is bounded by Mexico and Central America to the west and southwest, to the north by the Greater Antilles, and to the east by the Lesser Antilles....
0 m
- High: Pico Cristóbal Colón
- Land boundaries: 6,309 km
- Western Hemisphere
-
Venezuela 2,050 km
Peru 1,800 km
Brazil 1,644 km
Ecuador 590 km
Panama 225 km
- Coastline: 3,208 km
- Caribbean SeaCaribbean SeaThe Caribbean Sea is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean located in the tropics of the Western hemisphere. It is bounded by Mexico and Central America to the west and southwest, to the north by the Greater Antilles, and to the east by the Lesser Antilles....
1,760 km - North Pacific Ocean 1,448 km
- Caribbean Sea
- Population of Colombia: 44,603,000 (October 13, 2008) - 29th most populous country
- Area of Colombia: 1,141,748 km2
- Atlas of Colombia
- Coastline: 3,208 km
Environment of Colombia
- Climate of ColombiaClimate of ColombiaThe Climate of Colombia is characterized for being tropical and isothermal as a result of its geographical location near the Equator presenting variations within five natural regions and depending on the altitude, temperature, humidity, winds and rainfall...
- Environmental issues in ColombiaEnvironmental issues in ColombiaThere are many environmental issues in Colombia but deforestation is one of the major concerns.New environmental protection legislation was enacted in 1991, including the creation of specially protected zones, of which more than 200 were created in the early 1990s, mostly in forest areas and...
- Deforestation in ColombiaDeforestation in ColombiaColombia loses 2,000 km2 of forest annually to deforestation, according to the United Nations in 2003, although some suggest that this figure is as high as 3,000 km² due to illegal logging in the region....
- Natural hazards in ColombiaNatural hazards in ColombiaNatural disasters in Colombia are the result of several different natural hazards that affect the country according to its particular geographic and geologic features...
- Deforestation in Colombia
- Ecoregions in ColombiaNatural regions of ColombiaBecause of its natural structure, Colombia can be divided into six very distinct natural regions. These consist of the Andean region, covering the three branches of the Andes mountains found in Colombia; the Caribbean region, covering the area adjacent to the Caribbean sea; the Pacific region...
- Renewable energy in ColombiaRenewable energy in ColombiaColombia has 28.1 Megawatt installed capacity of renewable energy , consisting mainly of wind power. The country has significant small hydro, wind, and solar resources that remain largely unexploited...
- Geology of ColombiaGeology of ColombiaGeology of Colombia refers to the geological composition of the Republic of Colombia that determines its geography. The territory of Colombia covers vast areas within the South American plate, where most of the emerged land is, the Caribbean plate and the Nazca plate.-Emerged and Submerged...
- Protected areas of Colombia
- Archaeological sites in ColombiaArchaeological sites in ColombiaArchaeological sites in Colombia are numerous and diverse, including findings and archaeological excavations that have taken place in the area now covered by the Republic of Colombia...
- Biosphere reserves in Colombia
- National parks of Colombia
- Archaeological sites in Colombia
- Wildlife of Colombia
- Flora of ColombiaFlora of ColombiaThe Flora of Colombia is characterized by a high biodiversity, with the highest rate of species by area unit worldwide. Over 130.000 species of plants have been described within Colombian territory.-National flower of Colombia:...
- Fauna of ColombiaFauna of Colombia.The Fauna of Colombia is characterized by a high biodiversity, with the highest rate of species by area unit worldwide.-Endemisms:Colombia has the largest number of endemisms worldwide. About 10% of the species in the world live in Colombia...
- Birds of Colombia
- Mammals of Colombia
- Flora of Colombia
Natural geographic features of Colombia
- Fjords of Colombia
- Glaciers of Colombia
- Islands of Colombia
- Lakes of Colombia
- Mountains of Colombia
- Rivers of Colombia
- Waterfalls of Colombia
- Valleys of Colombia
- World Heritage Sites in Colombia
Regions of Colombia
- Main article: Regions of Colombia
- Caribbean Region of Colombia
Ecoregions of Colombia
- Main article: Ecoregions in ColombiaNatural regions of ColombiaBecause of its natural structure, Colombia can be divided into six very distinct natural regions. These consist of the Andean region, covering the three branches of the Andes mountains found in Colombia; the Caribbean region, covering the area adjacent to the Caribbean sea; the Pacific region...
Administrative divisions of Colombia
- Main article: Administrative divisions of Colombia
- Districts of ColombiaDistricts of ColombiaThe Districts in Colombia are cities that have a feature that highlights them, such as its location and trade, history or tourism. Arguably, the districts are special municipalities....
- Municipalities of ColombiaMunicipalities of ColombiaThe Municipalities of Colombia are decentralized subdivisions of the Republic of Colombia. Municipalities make up most of the departments of Colombia with 1,119 municipalities...
- Municipalities of Colombia
Municipalities of Colombia
- Capital of Colombia: Bogotá
- Cities of Colombia
Government and politics of Colombia
- Main article: Government of ColombiaGovernment of ColombiaThe government of Colombiais a republic with separation of powers into executive, judicial and legislative branches.Its legislature has a congress,its judiciary has a supreme court, andits executive branch has a president....
and Politics of ColombiaPolitics of ColombiaThe Politics of Colombia take place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Colombia is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government...
- Form of governmentForm of governmentA form of government, or form of state governance, refers to the set of political institutions by which a government of a state is organized. Synonyms include "regime type" and "system of government".-Empirical and conceptual problems:...
: unitary presidentialPresidential systemA presidential system is a system of government where an executive branch exists and presides separately from the legislature, to which it is not responsible and which cannot, in normal circumstances, dismiss it....
welfare stateWelfare stateA welfare state is a "concept of government in which the state plays a key role in the protection and promotion of the economic and social well-being of its citizens. It is based on the principles of equality of opportunity, equitable distribution of wealth, and public responsibility for those... - Capital of Colombia: Bogotá
- Elections in ColombiaElections in ColombiaElections in Colombia are regulated and controlled by the National Electoral Council which also gives information on elections and election results in for the politics of Colombia....
- (specific elections)
- Political parties in Colombia
- Political scandals of Colombia
- Security issues in ColombiaSecurity issues in ColombiaThis article covers national and international security issues in Colombia.- External threats :Colombia does not face any known foreign threats. The only neighbor that might pose a potential military challenge over as-yet unresolved territorial disputes relating to the maritime boundary, where...
- Taxation in ColombiaTaxation in ColombiaTaxation in Colombia is determined by the Congress of Colombia, the Department of Colombia Assemblies and the Municipalities of Colombia councils, which determine what kind of taxes can be levied and which rates can be applied....
- Trade unions in ColombiaTrade unions in Colombiasee also Human rights in ColombiaTrade unions in Colombia were until around 1990 among the strongest in Latin America. However the 1980s expansion of paramilitarism in Colombia saw trade union leaders and members increasingly targeted for assassination, and as a result Colombia has been the most...
Executive branch of the government of Colombia
- Head of stateHead of StateA head of state is the individual that serves as the chief public representative of a monarchy, republic, federation, commonwealth or other kind of state. His or her role generally includes legitimizing the state and exercising the political powers, functions, and duties granted to the head of...
& Head of governmentHead of governmentHead of government is the chief officer of the executive branch of a government, often presiding over a cabinet. In a parliamentary system, the head of government is often styled prime minister, chief minister, premier, etc...
: President of ColombiaPresident of ColombiaThe President of Colombia is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of Colombia. The office of president was established upon the ratification of the Constitution of 1819, by the Congress of Angostura, convened in December 1819, when Colombia was part of "la Gran Colombia"...
, Vice President of ColombiaVice President of ColombiaThe Vice President of Colombia is the first in the presidential line of succession, becoming the new President of Colombia upon leaves of absence or death, resignation, or removal of the President, as designated by the Colombian Constitution of 1991 which also reinstated the vice president figure... - Entities in the executive branch of Colombia
- Cabinet of Colombia
- Control Institutions in Colombia
- Office of the Comptroller General of Colombia
- Office of the Inspector General of Colombia
- Ombudsman's Office of ColombiaOmbudsman's Office of ColombiaThe Ombudsman's Office of Colombia is the national government agency that is charged with overseeing the protection of civil and human rights within the legal framework of the Republic of Colombia. The ombudsman, or public defender , is an official appointed by the President, and elected by the...
Legislative branch of the government of Colombia
- Congress of ColombiaCongress of ColombiaThe Congress of the Republic of Colombia is the name given to Colombia's bicameral national legislature.The Congress of Colombia consists of the 102-seat Senate , and the 166-seat Chamber of Representatives ...
(bicameral)- Upper houseUpper houseAn upper house, often called a senate, is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the lower house; a legislature composed of only one house is described as unicameral.- Possible specific characteristics :...
: Senate of ColombiaSenate of ColombiaThe Senate of the Republic of Colombia is the upper house of the Congress of Colombia, with the lower house being the Chamber of Representatives of Colombia... - Lower houseLower houseA lower house is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the upper house.Despite its official position "below" the upper house, in many legislatures worldwide the lower house has come to wield more power...
: Chamber of Representatives of ColombiaChamber of Representatives of ColombiaThe Chamber of Representatives is the lower house of the Congress of Colombia.The Chamber has 166 elected members for four-year terms.-How the Chamber is elected:...
- Upper house
Judicial branch of the government of Colombia
- Supreme Court of ColombiaSupreme Court of ColombiaThe Supreme Court of Colombia in Bogotá is the highest judicial body in civil and penal matters and issues of criminal and civil procedure in Colombia...
- Constitutional Court of ColombiaConstitutional Court of ColombiaThe Constitutional Court of Colombia is the highest entity in the judicial branch of government in the Republic of Colombia in charge of safeguarding the integrity and supremacy of the Colombian Constitution of 1991 within the Constitutional laws.However it is not the highest court of criminal...
- Superior Council of JudicatureSuperior Council of JudicatureSuperior Council of Judicature is Colombian institution part of the judicial branch of Colombia in charge of adopting a yearly report which is presented to the Congress of Colombia with a detailed report on justice handling in Colombia...
- Attorney General of ColombiaAttorney General of ColombiaThe Office of the Attorney General of Colombia is the Colombian institution part of the Colombian judicial branch of Government with administrative autonomy designed to prosecute offenders, investigate crimes, review judicial processes and accuse penal law infractions against judges and courts of...
Foreign relations of Colombia
- Diplomatic missions in Colombia
- Diplomatic missions of ColombiaDiplomatic missions of ColombiaThis is a list of diplomatic missions of Colombia, excluding honorary consulates.-Europe:** Vienna ** Brussels ** Paris ** Berlin ** Frankfurt ** Vatican City...
International organization membership
The Republic of Colombia is a member of:- Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean (OPANAL)
- Andean Community of NationsAndean Community of NationsThe Andean Community is a customs union comprising the South American countries of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. The trade bloc was called the Andean Pact until 1996 and came into existence with the signing of the Cartagena Agreement in 1969...
(CAN) - Caribbean Community and Common Market (Caricom) (observer)
- Caribbean Development BankCaribbean Development BankThe Caribbean Development Bank is a financial institution which assists Caribbean nations in financing social and economic programs in its member countries...
(CDB) - Central American Bank for Economic Integration (BCIE)
- Food and Agriculture OrganizationFood and Agriculture OrganizationThe Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations is a specialised agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger. Serving both developed and developing countries, FAO acts as a neutral forum where all nations meet as equals to negotiate agreements and...
(FAO) - Group of Three (G3)
- Group of 24 (G24)
- Group of 77Group of 77The Group of 77 at the United Nations is a loose coalition of developing nations, designed to promote its members' collective economic interests and create an enhanced joint negotiating capacity in the United Nations. There were 77 founding members of the organization, but the organization has...
(G77) - Inter-American Development BankInter-American Development BankThe Inter-American Development Bank is the largest source of development financing for Latin America and the Caribbean...
(IADB) - International Atomic Energy AgencyInternational Atomic Energy AgencyThe International Atomic Energy Agency is an international organization that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy, and to inhibit its use for any military purpose, including nuclear weapons. The IAEA was established as an autonomous organization on 29 July 1957...
(IAEA) - International Bank for Reconstruction and DevelopmentInternational Bank for Reconstruction and DevelopmentThe International Bank for Reconstruction and Development is one of five institutions that compose the World Bank Group. The IBRD is an international organization whose original mission was to finance the reconstruction of nations devastated by World War II. Now, its mission has expanded to fight...
(IBRD) - International Chamber of CommerceInternational Chamber of CommerceThe International Chamber of Commerce is the largest, most representative business organization in the world. Its hundreds of thousands of member companies in over 130 countries have interests spanning every sector of private enterprise....
(ICC) - International Civil Aviation OrganizationInternational Civil Aviation OrganizationThe International Civil Aviation Organization , pronounced , , is a specialized agency of the United Nations. It codifies the principles and techniques of international air navigation and fosters the planning and development of international air transport to ensure safe and orderly growth...
(ICAO) - International Criminal CourtInternational Criminal CourtThe International Criminal Court is a permanent tribunal to prosecute individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression .It came into being on 1 July 2002—the date its founding treaty, the Rome Statute of the...
(ICCt) - International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol)
- International Development AssociationInternational Development AssociationThe International Development Association , is the part of the World Bank that helps the world’s poorest countries. It complements the World Bank's other lending arm — the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development — which serves middle-income countries with capital investment and...
(IDA) - International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent SocietiesInternational Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent SocietiesThe International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies is a humanitarian institution that is part of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement along with the ICRC and 186 distinct National Societies...
(IFRCS) - International Finance CorporationInternational Finance CorporationThe International Finance Corporation promotes sustainable private sector investment in developing countries.IFC is a member of the World Bank Group and is headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States....
(IFC) - International Fund for Agricultural DevelopmentInternational Fund for Agricultural DevelopmentThe International Fund for Agricultural Development , a specialized agency of the United Nations, was established as an international financial institution in 1977 as one of the major outcomes of the 1974 World Food Conference. IFAD is dedicated to eradicating rural poverty in developing countries...
(IFAD) - International Hydrographic OrganizationInternational Hydrographic OrganizationThe International Hydrographic Organization is the inter-governmental organisation representing the hydrographic community. It enjoys observer status at the UN and is the recognised competent authority on hydrographic surveying and nautical charting...
(IHO) - International Labour OrganizationInternational Labour OrganizationThe International Labour Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations that deals with labour issues pertaining to international labour standards. Its headquarters are in Geneva, Switzerland. Its secretariat — the people who are employed by it throughout the world — is known as the...
(ILO) - International Maritime OrganizationInternational Maritime OrganizationThe International Maritime Organization , formerly known as the Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization , was established in Geneva in 1948, and came into force ten years later, meeting for the first time in 1959...
(IMO) - International Mobile Satellite OrganizationInternational Mobile Satellite OrganizationThe International Mobile Satellite Organization is the intergovernmental organization that oversees certain public satellite safety and security communication services provided via the Inmarsat satellites...
(IMSO) - International Monetary FundInternational Monetary FundThe International Monetary Fund is an organization of 187 countries, working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world...
(IMF) - International Olympic CommitteeInternational Olympic CommitteeThe International Olympic Committee is an international corporation based in Lausanne, Switzerland, created by Pierre de Coubertin on 23 June 1894 with Demetrios Vikelas as its first president...
(IOC) - International Organization for MigrationInternational Organization for MigrationThe International Organization for Migration is an intergovernmental organization. It was initially established in 1951 as the Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration to help resettle people displaced by World War II....
(IOM) - International Organization for StandardizationInternational Organization for StandardizationThe International Organization for Standardization , widely known as ISO, is an international standard-setting body composed of representatives from various national standards organizations. Founded on February 23, 1947, the organization promulgates worldwide proprietary, industrial and commercial...
(ISO) - International Red Cross and Red Crescent MovementInternational Red Cross and Red Crescent MovementThe International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is an international humanitarian movement with approximately 97 million volunteers, members and staff worldwide which was founded to protect human life and health, to ensure respect for all human beings, and to prevent and alleviate human...
(ICRM)
- International Telecommunication UnionInternational Telecommunication UnionThe International Telecommunication Union is the specialized agency of the United Nations which is responsible for information and communication technologies...
(ITU) - International Telecommunications Satellite OrganizationInternational Telecommunications Satellite OrganizationThe International Telecommunications Satellite Organization is an intergovernmental organisation charged with overseeing the public service obligations of Intelsat.-External links:*...
(ITSO) - International Trade Union ConfederationInternational Trade Union ConfederationThe International Trade Union Confederation is the world's largest trade union federation. It was formed on November 1, 2006 out of the merger of the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions and the World Confederation of Labour...
(ITUC) - Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU)
- Latin American Economic SystemLatin American Economic SystemThe Latin American and the Caribbean Economic System, officially known as Sistema Económico Latinoamericano y del Caribe , is an organization founded in 1975 to promote economic cooperation and social development between Latin American and the Caribbean countries...
(LAES) - Latin American Integration AssociationLatin American Integration AssociationThe Asociación Latinoamericana de Integración is a Latin American trade integration association, based in Montevideo. Its main objective is the establishment of a common market, in pursuit of the economic and social development of the region...
(LAIA) - Multilateral Investment Guarantee AgencyMultilateral Investment Guarantee AgencyThe Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency is a member organization of the World Bank Group that offers political risk insurance. It was established to promote foreign direct investment into developing countries. MIGA was founded in 1988 with a capital base of $1 billion and is headquartered in...
(MIGA) - Nonaligned Movement (NAM)
- Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)
- Organization of American StatesOrganization of American StatesThe Organization of American States is a regional international organization, headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States...
(OAS) - Permanent Court of ArbitrationPermanent Court of ArbitrationThe Permanent Court of Arbitration , is an international organization based in The Hague in the Netherlands.-History:The court was established in 1899 as one of the acts of the first Hague Peace Conference, which makes it the oldest institution for international dispute resolution.The creation of...
(PCA) - Rio GroupRio Group- List of Summit meetings :- See also :* Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, possible successor of the Rio Group* Union of South American Nations...
(RG) - Southern Cone Common Market (Mercosur) (associate)
- Unión Latina
- United NationsUnited NationsThe United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace...
(UN) - United Nations Conference on Trade and DevelopmentUnited Nations Conference on Trade and DevelopmentThe United Nations Conference on Trade and Development was established in 1964 as a permanent intergovernmental body. It is the principal organ of the United Nations General Assembly dealing with trade, investment, and development issues....
(UNCTAD) - United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
- United Nations High Commissioner for RefugeesUnited Nations High Commissioner for RefugeesThe Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees , also known as The UN Refugee Agency is a United Nations agency mandated to protect and support refugees at the request of a government or the UN itself and assists in their voluntary repatriation, local integration or resettlement to...
(UNHCR) - United Nations Industrial Development OrganizationUnited Nations Industrial Development OrganizationThe United Nations Industrial Development Organization , French/Spanish acronym ONUDI, is a specialized agency in the United Nations system, headquartered in Vienna, Austria...
(UNIDO) - United Nations Security CouncilUnited Nations Security CouncilThe United Nations Security Council is one of the principal organs of the United Nations and is charged with the maintenance of international peace and security. Its powers, outlined in the United Nations Charter, include the establishment of peacekeeping operations, the establishment of...
- Universal Postal UnionUniversal Postal UnionThe Universal Postal Union is an international organization that coordinates postal policies among member nations, in addition to the worldwide postal system. The UPU contains four bodies consisting of the Congress, the Council of Administration , the Postal Operations Council and the...
(UPU) - World Confederation of LabourWorld Confederation of LabourThe World Confederation of Labour was an international labour organization founded in 1920 and based in Europe. Totalitarian governments of the 1930s repressed the federation and imprisoned many of its leaders, limiting operations until the end of World War II...
(WCL) - World Customs OrganizationWorld Customs OrganizationThe World Customs Organization is an intergovernmental organization headquartered in Brussels, Belgium. With its worldwide membership, the WCO is recognized as the voice of the global customs community...
(WCO) - World Federation of Trade UnionsWorld Federation of Trade UnionsThe World Federation of Trade Unions was established in 1945 to replace the International Federation of Trade Unions. Its mission was to bring together trade unions across the world in a single international organization, much like the United Nations...
(WFTU) - World Health OrganizationWorld Health OrganizationThe World Health Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations that acts as a coordinating authority on international public health. Established on 7 April 1948, with headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, the agency inherited the mandate and resources of its predecessor, the Health...
(WHO) - World Intellectual Property OrganizationWorld Intellectual Property OrganizationThe World Intellectual Property Organization is one of the 17 specialized agencies of the United Nations. WIPO was created in 1967 "to encourage creative activity, to promote the protection of intellectual property throughout the world"....
(WIPO) - World Meteorological OrganizationWorld Meteorological OrganizationThe World Meteorological Organization is an intergovernmental organization with a membership of 189 Member States and Territories. It originated from the International Meteorological Organization , which was founded in 1873...
(WMO) - World Tourism OrganizationWorld Tourism OrganizationThe World Tourism Organization , based in Madrid, Spain, is a United Nations agency dealing with questions relating to tourism. It compiles the World Tourism rankings. The World Tourism Organization is a significant global body, concerned with the collection and collation of statistical information...
(UNWTO) - World Trade OrganizationWorld Trade OrganizationThe World Trade Organization is an organization that intends to supervise and liberalize international trade. The organization officially commenced on January 1, 1995 under the Marrakech Agreement, replacing the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade , which commenced in 1948...
(WTO)
Law and order in Colombia
- Main article: Law of Colombia
- Animal rights in ColombiaAnimal rights in ColombiaAnimal rights in Colombia refers to topics related to Animal rights in Colombia. The Colombian constitution does not recognize animal rights, however Law 84 of 1989 stipulated a statute to protect animals, with the exception of bullfighting and cock fights, which are considered to be part of the...
- Capital punishment in Colombia
- Constitution of Colombia
- Crime in ColombiaCrime in ColombiaColombia, in common with many Latin American nations, evolved as a highly segregated society, split between the traditionally rich families of Spanish descent and the vast majority of poor Colombians, many of whom are of mixed race...
- Abortion in ColombiaAbortion in ColombiaAbortion in Colombia is currently illegal except in case of the threat to life or health of the woman, if the pregnancy is the result of rape, or when the fetus is expected to die after birth because of severe fetal abnormalities...
- Domestic violence in ColombiaDomestic violence in ColombiaAlthough prohibited by law, domestic violence in Colombia remains a serious problem. Judicial authorities may remove an abuser from the household and require therapy or re-education. The law provides prison time if the abuser causes grave harm or the abuse is recurrent; however, provisions for...
- Illegal drug trade in ColombiaIllegal drug trade in ColombiaIllegal drug trade in Colombia refers to the practice of producing and distributing illegal drugs with psychoactive effects in Colombia. Colombia has had four major drug trafficking cartels which eventually created a new social class and influenced several aspects of Colombian culture...
- Kidnappings in ColombiaKidnappings in ColombiaKidnappings in Colombia refers to the practice of kidnapping in the Republic of Colombia. This criminal practice was first introduced in modern Colombian history during the early 1970s by the guerrilla movements and, later, also by criminal groups...
- Abortion in Colombia
- Human rights in ColombiaHuman rights in ColombiaAccording to the U.S. Department of State 2003 human rights report for Colombia, Colombia’s human rights record, despite significant improvements by police and military forces in some areas, remained poor.-Security forces:...
- Children's rights in ColombiaChildren's rights in ColombiaChildren's rights in Colombia refers to the status of children's rights in the Republic of Colombia. Colombia signed the Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1989 and later ratified the CRC on September 2, 1990...
- LGBT rights in ColombiaLGBT rights in ColombiaLesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender rights in Colombia have progressed since consensual homosexual activity was decriminalized in 1980 with amendments to the Criminal Code. Between February 2007 and April 2008 three rulings of the Constitutional Court granted registered same-sex couples the same...
- Recognition of same-sex unions in ColombiaRecognition of same-sex unions in ColombiaColombia has no laws providing for same-sex marriage. However, as a result of Constitutional Court ruling on 29 January 2009, same-sex couples can be recognised as de facto unions , which were previously available only to heterosexual couples and which provide all of the rights of marriage...
- Recognition of same-sex unions in Colombia
- Office of the Inspector General of Colombia
- Freedom of religion in Colombia
- Ombudsman's Office of ColombiaOmbudsman's Office of ColombiaThe Ombudsman's Office of Colombia is the national government agency that is charged with overseeing the protection of civil and human rights within the legal framework of the Republic of Colombia. The ombudsman, or public defender , is an official appointed by the President, and elected by the...
- Prostitution in ColombiaProstitution in ColombiaProstitution in Colombia is legal as long as it is done in designated "tolerance zones". Prostitution is widespread and exacerbated by poverty and internal displacement...
- Women's rights in ColombiaWomen's rights in ColombiaAs established in the Colombian Constitution of 1991, women in Colombia have the right to bodily integrity and autonomy; to vote ; to hold public office; to work; to fair wages or equal pay; to own property; to receive an education; to serve in the military in certain duties, but are excluded from...
- Children's rights in Colombia
- National Police of Colombia
Military of Colombia
- Main article: Military of ColombiaMilitary of ColombiaThe Military Forces of Colombia are the armed forces of the Republic of Colombia.-Services:The Military of Colombia consists of:* National Army of Colombia * Colombian National Armada - Marines, Navy and Coast Guard attached* Colombian Air Force...
- Command
- Commander-in-chiefCommander-in-ChiefA commander-in-chief is the commander of a nation's military forces or significant element of those forces. In the latter case, the force element may be defined as those forces within a particular region or those forces which are associated by function. As a practical term it refers to the military...
:- Ministry of Defence of Colombia
- Commander-in-chief
- Forces
- Army of Colombia
- Navy of Colombia
- Air Force of Colombia
- Special forces of Colombia
- Military history of Colombia
- Military ranks of Colombia
History of Colombia
- Main article: History of ColombiaHistory of ColombiaThis article deals with the history of Colombia, a country in South America.-Pre-Colombian period:Approximately 10,000 years BC hunter-gatherer societies existed near present-day Bogotá , and they traded with one another and with cultures living in the Magdalena River valley...
, Timeline of Colombian historyTimeline of Colombian historyThis is a timeline of Colombian history.This timeline is incomplete; some important events may be missing. Please help add to it.- 150th to 50th century BC :- 49th to 10th century BC :- 9th to 1st century BC :...
, and Current events of Colombia
By subject
- CIA activities in ColombiaCIA activities in Colombia-Colombia 1991:As part of transnational counterdrug activity, the CIA financed a military intelligence network in Colombia in 1991. Speaking on behalf of the Deputy Director for Intelligence, David Carey, director of the DCI Crime and Narcotics center, spoke about...
- Constitutional history of ColombiaConstitutional history of ColombiaThe Constitutional history of Colombia is the process of formation and evolution of the different constitutions that Colombia has had since its formation.-Pre-Columbian and Spanish times :...
- History of the Colombian National PoliceHistory of the Colombian National PoliceThis is the history of the Colombian National Police, for further reading see history of Colombia.-Creation 19th century:During the second half of the 19th century Colombia went through many political changes and struggles to define itself as a nation...
- History of Internet in Colombia
- Postage stamps and postal history of ColombiaPostage stamps and postal history of ColombiaColombia is a country in north-western South America. Colombia is bordered by Venezuela, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Panama and the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean. With a population of over 45 million people, Colombia has the second largest population in South America, after Brazil...
- Economic history of Colombia
- Massacres in Colombia
- Military history of Colombia
- History of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia
- Paramilitarism in ColombiaParamilitarism in ColombiaParamilitarism in Colombia refers to the origins and activities of far right-wing paramilitary groups in Colombia during the 20th century.Right-wing paramilitary groups are the parties considered to be most responsible for human rights violations in Colombia during the later half of the current...
- Guerrilla movements in ColombiaGuerrilla movements in ColombiaGuerrilla movements in Colombia refers to the origins, development and actions of guerrilla movements in the Republic of Colombia.-Spanish colonial control:...
- Timeline of Colombian armed conflictTimeline of Colombian armed conflictThis is a timeline of events related to the Colombian armed conflict.This timeline is incomplete; some important events may be missing. Please help add to it.-Background:Events that preceded the conflict.456-1960456s:5634634-1970s:-1980s:...
Culture of Colombia
- Main article: Culture of ColombiaCulture of ColombiaMany aspects of Colombian culture can be traced back to the early culture of Spain of the 16th century and its collision with Colombia's native civilizations . The Spanish brought Catholicism, African slaves, the feudal encomienda system, and a caste system that favored European-born whites...
- Architecture of ColombiaArchitecture of ColombiaDespite Colombia's multiple cultural heritage , its architecture is mostly the result of adapting European models to local conditions...
- Carnival in ColombiaCarnival in ColombiaThe carnival in Colombia was introduced by the Spanish. The Colombian carnival has incorporated elements from European culture, and has managed to syncretise, or re-interpret, traditions that belonged to the African and Amerindian cultures of Colombia...
- Cuisine of Colombia
- Festivals in ColombiaFestivals in Colombia- Major Colombian Carnivals and Festivals :*Barranquilla's Carnival , it holds the second largest carnival parades in the world after Rio de Janeiro's...
- Humor in Colombia
- Languages of ColombiaLanguages of ColombiaThe official language of Colombia is Spanish, of which Colombian Spanish is the local variety. The indigenous languages spoken in Colombia are also official in the territories in which they are spoken.-Sign Languages:* Colombian Sign Language...
- Media in ColombiaMedia in ColombiaMedia in Colombia refers to Media available in Colombia consisting of several different types of communications media: television, radio, cinema, newspapers, magazines, and Internet-based Web sites...
- Television in ColombiaTelevision in ColombiaTelevision in Colombia or Colombian television is a media of Colombia. It is characterized for broadcasting telenovelas, series, game shows and TV news. Until 1998 it was a state monopoly...
- Television in Colombia
- National symbols of ColombiaNational symbols of ColombiaThe National symbols of Colombia are the symbols which represent the national identity of the Republic of Colombia as a sovereign state. The national symbols intend to represent the Colombian identity by creating visual, verbal cultural iconic representations of the national people, values,...
- Coat of arms of ColombiaCoat of arms of ColombiaThe coat of arms of Colombia contains a shield with numerous symbols. Perched on top of the shield is an Andean Condor holding an olive crown and the condor symbolizing freedom. The national motto, Libertad y Orden , is on a scroll in between the bird and the shield in black font over golden...
- Flag of ColombiaFlag of ColombiaAfter Miranda later designed his flag based on this conversation, he happily recalled seeing a fresco by Lazzaro Tavarone in the Palazzo Belimbau in Genoa that depicted Christopher Columbus unfurling a similar-coloured flag in Veragua during his fourth voyage....
- National anthem of ColombiaNational Anthem of ColombiaHimno Nacional de la República de Colombia is the official name of the national anthem of Colombia...
- Coat of arms of Colombia
- People of Colombia
- Colombian diasporaColombian diasporaColombian diaspora refers to the mass movement of Colombian people who have emigrated from the country in search of safety and/or a better quality of life. Many of those who moved were educated middle and upper middle-class Colombians; because of this, the Colombian diaspora can be referred to as a...
- Indigenous peoples in ColombiaIndigenous peoples in ColombiaThe indigenous peoples in Colombia comprise a large number of distinct ethnic groups who inhabited the country's present territory prior to its discovery by Europeans around 1500.-Origins:...
- Minorities in Colombia
- LGBT in ColombiaLGBT in ColombiaThe initialism LGBT is used to refer collectively to lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people and members of the specific group and to the community that surrounds them...
- Arab diaspora in ColombiaArab diaspora in ColombiaThe Arab diaspora in Colombia refers to the Arab immigrants and their offspring in the Republic of Colombia. Most of the Middle Easterners came from Syria, Lebanon and Palestine escaping from the repression of the Ottoman Empire and financial hardships...
- LGBT in Colombia
- Colombian diaspora
- Prostitution in ColombiaProstitution in ColombiaProstitution in Colombia is legal as long as it is done in designated "tolerance zones". Prostitution is widespread and exacerbated by poverty and internal displacement...
- Public holidays in ColombiaPublic holidays in ColombiaThe following are public holidays in Colombia:* Año Nuevo * Día de los Reyes Magos * Día de San José...
- Records of Colombia
- Scouting and guiding in Colombia
- Smoking in ColombiaSmoking in ColombiaSmoking in Colombia was banned in May 2008 in public transport vehicles, hospitals, kindergartens and schools, bars, clubs, restaurants, business centers and airports. Smoking areas in enclosed public places were also banned.-Prevalence:...
- World Heritage Sites in Colombia
Art in Colombia
- Artists of Colombia
- Cinema of ColombiaCinema of ColombiaColombian Cinema has struggled to develop as a solid industry throughout its history. During the beginning of the 20th century some production companies tried to maintain a level of constant production but lack of government support and a strong international industry ended up diminishing initiative...
- Literature of ColombiaLiterature of ColombiaColombian literature, as an expression of the Culture of Colombia, is heterogeneous, tropical and diverse due to the struggle between the Spanish, African and Native American heritages.-Colonial literature:...
- Music of ColombiaMusic of ColombiaThe music of Colombia is an expression of the Colombian culture, which contains diverse music genres, traditional and moderns according with the features of each geographic region; although it is frequent to find different musical styles in the same region...
- Glossary of Colombian music
- Television in ColombiaTelevision in ColombiaTelevision in Colombia or Colombian television is a media of Colombia. It is characterized for broadcasting telenovelas, series, game shows and TV news. Until 1998 it was a state monopoly...
- Television series of Colombia
- Theatre in Colombia
Religion in Colombia
- Religion in ColombiaReligion in ColombiaReligion in Colombia is an expression of the different cultural heritages in the Colombian culture including the Spanish colonisation, the Native Amerindian and the Afro-Colombian.-Religious freedom:...
- Bahá'í Faith in ColombiaBahá'í Faith in ColombiaThe Bahá'í Faith in Colombia begins with references to the country in Bahá'í literature as early as 1916, with Bahá'ís visiting as early as 1927...
- Buddhism in Colombia
- Christianity in ColombiaChristianity in ColombiaMore than 97 % of the population of Colombia are Christians.90% are Roman Catholic. *10% are evangelical Christians, Evangelical, The Seventh-day Adventist Church and others.- Roman Catholic archdioceses and other dioceses :...
- Roman Catholicism in ColombiaRoman Catholicism in ColombiaColombia has a high percentage of Catholics, 90% of the population. There are 74 dioceses and other territorial jurisdictions.Catholicism was introduced in 1508. Two dioceses were organized in 1534. There was appreciable Church growth by the mid-17th century, in spite of the variety of Indian...
- Roman Catholic dioceses in Colombia
- Roman Catholicism in Colombia
- Hinduism in Colombia
- Islam in ColombiaIslam in ColombiaThe statistics for Islam in Colombia estimate a total Muslim population of 14,000 according to a Pew Research Center report. There are a number of Islamic organizations in Colombia, including Islamic centers in San Andrés, Bogotá, Guajira, Nariño, and Santa Marta. There are also primary and...
- Judaism in Colombia
- Sikhism in Colombia
- Bahá'í Faith in Colombia
Sports in Colombia
- Main article: Sports in Colombia
- Football in ColombiaFootball in ColombiaFootball is the most popular sport in Colombia. Although not one of the leading footballing nations in South America, Colombia has nonetheless produced some outstanding teams at both club and international level...
- Colombia at the OlympicsColombia at the OlympicsColombia first participated at the Olympic Games in 1932, and has sent athletes to compete in all but one edition of the Summer Olympic Games since then, missing only the 1952 Games. Colombia has only participated in the Winter Olympic Games in the 2010 Winter Olympics.Colombian athletes have won...
- Rugby union in ColombiaRugby union in ColombiaRugby union in Colombia is a minor but growing sport. They are currently ranked 53rd by the IRB, with 2,942 registered players and 35 clubs.-History:...
- Underwater rugby in ColombiaUnderwater rugby in ColombiaUnderwater rugby in Colombia is played in a system of three major club events per year, with an inter-leagues tournament at the end of each year...
- Underwater rugby in Colombia
Economy and infrastructure of Colombia
- Main article: Economy of ColombiaEconomy of ColombiaColombia has a free market economy with major commercial and investment ties to the United States. Transition from a highly regulated economy has been underway for more than a decade....
- Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2007): 40th (fortieth)
- Agriculture in ColombiaAgriculture in ColombiaAgriculture in Colombia refers to all agricultural activities, essential to food, feed, and fiber production, including all techniques for raising and processing livestock within the Republic of Colombia...
- Coca production in ColombiaCoca production in ColombiaLike Bolivia and Peru, Colombia is a major cultivator of coca. Between 1993 and 1999 Colombia became the main producer of coca in the world along with cocaine. Total land area devoted to coca production increased 60 percent from 1983 to 1986, reaching 25,000 hectares...
- Coffee production in Colombia
- Irrigation in ColombiaIrrigation in ColombiaIrrigation in Colombia has been an integral part of Colombia's agricultural and rural development in the 20th Century. Public investment in irrigation has been especially prominent in the first half of the Century...
- Coca production in Colombia
- Banking in Colombia
- Bank of the RepublicBank of the Republic (Colombia)The Bank of the Republic is the state-run central bank of the Republic of Colombia. Its main functions are detailed by the Congress according to the . One of them is the issuance of the Colombian currency, the peso.-History:...
- Bank of the Republic
- Communications in ColombiaCommunications in ColombiaSince being liberalized in 1991, the Colombian telecommunications sector has added new services, expanded coverage, improved efficiency, and lowered costs. The sector has had the second largest investment in infrastructure since 1997. However, the economic downturn between 1999 and 2002 adversely...
- Internet in ColombiaInternet in ColombiaInternet access in Colombia shows a marked increase during the last few years. As of September 2009, the web connections surpassed two million, as compared with an estimated total of 900,000 Internet subscribers by the end of 2005...
- Postal codes in ColombiaPostal codes in ColombiaPostal codes in Colombia are 6 digit numeric.The first group of two digits are the numbers used by DANE to encode the departments.The second group of two digits in the range of 00 to 89 encode postal zones, where 00 is used for the department capital. In the range of 90 - 99 it has another...
- Telephone numbers in Colombia
- Internet in Colombia
- Companies of Colombia
- Currency of ColombiaCurrencyIn economics, currency refers to a generally accepted medium of exchange. These are usually the coins and banknotes of a particular government, which comprise the physical aspects of a nation's money supply...
: PesoColombian pesoThe peso is the currency of Colombia. Its ISO 4217 code is COP and it is also informally abbreviated as COL$. However, the official peso symbol is $. As 20 July 2011, the exchange rate of the Colombian peso is 1750 Colombian pesos to 1 U.S. dollar.-History:The peso has been the currency of Colombia...
- ISO 4217ISO 4217ISO 4217 is a standard published by the International Standards Organization, which delineates currency designators, country codes , and references to minor units in three tables:* Table A.1 – Current currency & funds code list...
: COP
- ISO 4217
- Economic history of Colombia
- Energy in Colombia
- Energy policy of Colombia
- Hydroelectric power in ColombiaHydroelectric power in ColombiaWith seventy percent of Colombia's power generation, hydroelectric power is a very important national energy source. The total large hydropower potential for Colombia is estimated at 93GW, with an additional 25GW of small hydropower With seventy percent of Colombia's power generation, hydroelectric...
- Oil industry in Colombia
- Power stations in Colombia
- Health in ColombiaHealth in ColombiaHealth care in Colombia refers to the prevention, treatment, and management of illness and the preservation of mental and physical well being through the services offered by the medical, nursing, and allied health professions in the Republic of Colombia....
- Health care in ColombiaHealth care in ColombiaHealth care in Colombia refers to the prevention, treatment, and management of illness and the preservation of mental and physical well being through the services offered by the medical, nursing, and allied health professions in the Republic of Colombia....
- Hospitals in Colombia
- Medicine in Colombia
- Health care in Colombia
- Mining in Colombia
- Poverty in ColombiaPoverty in ColombiaPoverty in Colombia refers to the serious problem of misdistribution of income, characterized by some of the worst poverty statistics in Latin America...
- Science and technology in ColombiaScience and technology in ColombiaScience and technology in Colombia refers to the development of scientific research and technological innovation in Colombia, and how these in turn affect Colombian society, politics, and culture...
- Tourism in ColombiaTourism in ColombiaThe Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Tourism is the Colombian ministry in charge of tourism affairs. During the most famous festivals such as the Cali's Fair, the Barranquilla's Carnival, the Bogota Summer Festival, the Ibero-American Theater Festival and the Flower Festival is when the most...
- Transport in ColombiaTransport in ColombiaTransport in Colombia is regulated by the Ministry of Transport.Road travel is the main means of transport; almost 70 percent of cargo is transported by road, as compared with 27 percent by railroad, 3 percent by internal waterways, and 1 percent by air. Nevertheless, Colombia has one of the lowest...
- Rapid transit in Colombia
- Airports in Colombia
- Rail transport in ColombiaRail transport in ColombiaThe Colombia railway network has a total length of 3,304 km. There are 150 km of standard gauge connecting Cerrejón coal mines to maritime port of Puerto Bolivar at Bahia de Portete, and 3,154 km of narrow gauge of which 2,611 km are in use...
- Railway stations in ColombiaRailway stations in Colombia- Maps :* - Stations served :Stations of Ferrocarril del Occidente :# Bogotá La Sabana # Bogotá Puente Aranda# Bogotá Fontibón# Mosquera# Madrid# Facatativá...
- Railway stations in Colombia
- Roads in Colombia
- Highways in ColombiaHighways in ColombiaHighways in Colombia are managed by the Colombian Ministry of Transport through the National Roads Institute. Colombia's road infrastructure is still very underdeveloped with most of the highways presenting a two lane road for outbound and inbound traffic...
- Highways in Colombia
- Colombian Stock Exchange
- Water supply and sanitation in ColombiaWater supply and sanitation in ColombiaWater supply and sanitation in Colombia has been improved in many ways over the past decades. Between 1990 and 2004, access to sanitation increased from 82% to 86%, but access to water increased only slightly from 92% to 93%.. In particular, coverage in rural areas lags behind. Furthermore, despite...
- Water privatization in ColombiaWater privatization in ColombiaPrivate sector participation in providing water supply and sanitation services in Colombia has been more stable and successful than in some other Latin American countries such as Argentina or Bolivia...
- Water resources management in ColombiaWater resources management in ColombiaColombia has a long and well established framework for ‘’’water resources management’’’. The Environment Ministry and up to 33 Regional Authorities , are in charge of water resources management and policies at the national and regional and watershed level, respectively...
- Water privatization in Colombia
Education in Colombia
- Main article: Education in ColombiaEducation in ColombiaEducation in Colombia includes nursery school, elementary school, high school, technical instruction and university education. A typical colombian studies 11 years and attempts to complete the secondary level of education.- History :...
See also
- Index of Colombia-related articles
- List of Colombia-related topics
- List of international rankings
- Member state of the United Nations
- Outline of geographyOutline of geographyThe following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to geography:Geography – science that studies the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of Earth.- Geography is :...
- Outline of South America
External links
Government Portal del Estado - Colombia Online Government web site Presidencia de la República de Colombia - Official Presidential web site Ministerio de Comercio, Industria y Turismo - Commerce, Industry and Tourism Boreau- National System of Cultural Information UNICEF en Colombia
- Banco de la República - Central Bank Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadistica - National Statistics Administrative Dept. Instituto Nacional de Vías - Transport and Road Agency Senate of Colombia Colombia's House of representatives Colombia's Judicial branch Policia Nacional - Police
- Armada Nacional de Colombia - Navy
- Ejército Nacional de Colombia - Army Departamento Administrativo de Seguridad - Homeland Security - Agustin Codazzi Geographic Institute - Maps of Colombia
Other
- Encyclopaedia Britannica Colombia Country Page
- CIA World Factbook - Colombia
- US-Colombia Free Trade Deal Costly for Poor People - OxfamOxfamOxfam is an international confederation of 15 organizations working in 98 countries worldwide to find lasting solutions to poverty and related injustice around the world. In all Oxfam’s actions, the ultimate goal is to enable people to exercise their rights and manage their own lives...
- A U.S.-Colombia Free Trade Agreement: Strengthening Democracy and Progress in Latin America - Cato InstituteCato InstituteThe Cato Institute is a libertarian think tank headquartered in Washington, D.C. It was founded in 1977 by Edward H. Crane, who remains president and CEO, and Charles Koch, chairman of the board and chief executive officer of the conglomerate Koch Industries, Inc., the largest privately held...
- Breaking the Grip? Obstacles to Justice for Paramilitary Mafias in Colombia - Human Rights WatchHuman Rights WatchHuman Rights Watch is an international non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. Its headquarters are in New York City and it has offices in Berlin, Beirut, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Paris, San Francisco, Tokyo,...