Samuel Budgett
Encyclopedia
Samuel Budgett was an English merchant.
Rising from humble origins, Budgett built up a wholesale grocery business called H.H. & S. Budgett
, based in Kingswood
Bristol
, covering a large area of Southern and Western England
and South Wales
, which outlasted him by over a century. He was a devoted Wesleyan Methodist
, who came close to offering himself as a missionary. Having chosen instead to work as a grocer to support his impoverished parents and siblings, he applied Christian
principles to his business, setting improving standards in food purity and working conditions. He also began each day’s business with a short Christian service for all staff.
With his elder brother, Samuel Budgett made a big difference to Kingswood. Having arrived in 1809 with nothing but his apprenticeship, he never left the place, even when he could afford to do so. He built a strong business, providing many good honest jobs. He built a house and laid gardens and a farm. These provided more employment, as well as space for meetings and parties. He was a watchful but gentle employer, seeking above all to help people to increase their own self-mastery and usefulness. He led efforts to build chapels and schools where ordinary people could gain knowledge and learn the art of citizenship. He gave much of his money to these causes and to individuals in trouble.
Shortly after his death a biography - The Successful Merchant, by William Arthur
- was published which went into over forty editions in the UK alone and made him well known. Robert Louis Stevenson
, in his book Virginibus Puerisque, mentions Samuel Budgett in passing, apparently confident that he requires no introduction.
NOTE: Both Samuel Budgett and his biographer William Arthur
were devout Methodists at a time when Methodism was very strong in the UK. Arthur’s book says much about Samuel’s Christian principles and actions as well as recommending that the reader should treat him as an example. It has been suggested that Arthur’s account is biased. However it is an account of how Samuel (and others) thought and acted, written by the man with the best access to those who knew and it is now the only account we have. Arthur himself wrote, “... an effort has been made to insert, with a firm hand, every real scar. Some will say they are too slight; others will say they are too deep, and these they who most intimately knew the original.” In this article both the religious and secular aspects of the man are presented using Arthur as the guide.
on 27th July 1794. His father’s first wife had died and he had married again, Samuel being the eldest son of this second marriage to Elizabeth (Betsy) Budgett (1767 – 1831). His parents moved several times. In 1801 they took a shop in Kingswood
, Bristol
. In 1803 parents and children moved again to Coleford
where they opened a small general shop, leaving Henry Hill Budgett in charge of the Kingswood shop. Henry was a grown up son of the first marriage, about 15 years older than Samuel..
The family were poor but were devoted members of the Methodist Chapel wherever they lived. Samuel’s two passions were his faith and his constant desire to get a little extra money by trading. He had to choose whether to be a missionary or a trader. His parents’ poverty prevented them from affording a missionary’s education. It also meant that they needed him as a breadwinner. So he decided to be a trader. Initially he was buying and selling things worth only a few pence. Gradually he was able to plough back his profits and trade larger amounts. Finally his capital reached 30 pounds. He gave this all to his mother before leaving to become an apprentice.
At the age of thirteen, Samuel learned a very useful lesson from an adult salesman. This man tried and failed to make headway with his mother. Samuel realised that this was because the man ran through his whole range, never producing any special bargains. He saw that if the man had first offered one or two genuine bargains, this would have got his mother’s attention and “hooked” her for other sales, This became one of his principles of business.
. Even as a hired man, he had been running a department of the shop, buying carefully, selling at keen prices, presenting his low prices well and making his customers feel welcome. People were coming to the shop from neighbouring villages. Now to increase sales further he himself went out to these villages to save them the trouble of travelling.
The next few years are covered in more detail in H.H. & S. Budgett
. Briefly, against his brother’s misgivings, he started to sell common items to outlying shops where the price difference made it worthwhile. Having mastered that, the trade was grown carefully and slowly, adding new commodities for old customers, visiting larger shops in larger towns, travelling further away, carefully recruiting travellers and revisiting, in a relaxed manner, the fancy shops which had previously refused him. In time the business reached as far as Birmingham
and Penzance
.
As they advanced, Samuel bought the grounds of an old quarry in Kingswood. Here he built a substantial house where he lived to the end of his life. Later he had this filled in and made into gardens and farmland, forty to fifty acres. This was partly to provide local employment. Long afterwards an old man said, “Yes; I remember when there were five men and three horses, and I have lived to see three hundred men and one hundred horses”. During a food shortage in 1846 and 1847 he employed many extra people just to keep them from starving.
1. He always tried to adhere to Christian principles. He felt it was not worth getting a bit more if you lost your soul as a result. More to the point, you shouldn’t tempt others into losing their souls. Samuel well knew the difference between a Christian and a pseudo-Christian. A Wesleyan lay-preacher once used his religious position to get an interview. He tried to sell Samuel a scheme to make mock vinegar, to be sold as real. He was roundly rebuked, especially because of his position of trust, and sent packing.
2. They began every day with an Act of Worship, about 30 minutes, in a room set aside as a chapel. If a family member was present he would lead but there was a rota of others who often led.
3. Punctuality. Samuel received a list of latecomers each day. Anyone who stayed off the list for a year received a sovereign. Each man received a penny on first arriving at 6 am, again after breakfast, and again after dinner. If he was late he forfeited the penny. This provided a gentle encouragement and it replaced a tradition of providing free beer. Samuel did not mind if men chose to drink moderately but he knew the risks and, as a Methodist, felt it wrong to be an agent of them. The precise rules were changed over the years.
4. He would neither borrow nor lend. If the customer was buying in the shop, he must pay immediately. If he was distant, the traveller would see him every four weeks precisely and the account must then be fully settled. Samuel felt this was best for the customer as well as himself, because once you start to borrow, it is not clear where you should stop. He also saw, in practice, bad debt ripple through chains of businesses, ruining the families concerned and even damaging the country. He felt he was setting an example by demonstrating what could be done without borrowing. Writing in 2010, this sounds all too familiar!
5. Tact, Push, Principle. Samuel worked that way himself and only recruited those who showed these three qualities. Principle applied to both masters and men. It meant honest dealing with customers as well as masters. A master must not force his man to a target that could not be honestly reached, with the message, “I don’t want to know how you get it done, just do it”. If the master does not want to know how the target is met, he is more guilty than the minion who actually breaks the rules. Principle can be hard to discover but Samuel could find it. He once visited a grocer, noticed one man in particular and quickly said to his host, “I would not keep him for a day”. The host thought the man was his best employee but he watched him, and in time caught him stealing and dismissed him. The man continued to go downhill. Working for another master, he stole by the wagon-load.
6. He believed you must only supply ingredients as described. Pepper was highly taxed. There was an established practice in the trade of adulterating ground pepper with “Pepper Dust” (P.D.). It was a standard product which grocers bought. The practice was harmless but dishonest. Early on Samuel had accepted this practice as standard but he thought about it more and more and finally, having made the decision, he went back one night and threw away his stock of P.D..
7. He made sure to know all his employees, however humble. He befriended them almost as much as his own family. He tried to understand them and their families and their worries. He gave them all a free party at least once a year. Every young man who “lived in” had his own space, where he could sleep and pray in private.
8. Samuel consulted his whole family, including his wife, sister and children, if he had a difficult problem to resolve. If uncertainty remained then he would express his confidence that the Lord would deal with it. This helped the children to grow up morally as well as physically and enabled them, when the time came, to take command with confidence.
9. “Precision, order, energy and exactness are principles engraved on every department of the vast business here conducted.” A “Wesleyan Minister” wrote this to the ‘’Christian Miscellany’’ for 1847.
10. “Make all you can, save all you can, give all you can” (John Wesley
). Samuel was convinced that these went together and gave away his whole savings three times before he became a partner. This is a remarkable quality in a man who was so passionate about trading.
11. One principle was established later: not to speculate. In 1842 the Opium Wars
broke out and he made a killing in tea. Later the same year he lost it again. He never tried it again. He avoided all the triumphs and disasters of the railway mania.
He would not let his men impose upon him. If a man was in fault and confessed then he was quick to forgive but if he dissembled then Samuel would get the truth and then his rebuke could be tremendous, depending on the gravity of the offence.
During his tenure he reduced the hours by a considerable number. At the beginning of his apprenticeship, hours were nominally from 6 am to 9 pm, with frequent extensions to 10 and 11 pm, astounding though it seems now. Samuel worked long and hard to get better organisation and enough staff to shorten these hours. First he got it to 8.30 pm, then seven, then six. Detentions beyond the nominal time still happened but he worked on those too. One way was a rule that everyone must wait until the last man had finished. This led the men themselves to correct inefficiency in the system. Finally the closing time got to 5 or 5.30. Note that, in the UK, we buy goods from Third World
countries where long hours are still an issue.
through and through. He took Christ
’s command, “Love your neighbour as yourself” very seriously and he truly loved his employees and his very ordinary neighbours in Kingswood.
When Henry Budgett began to trade in Kingswood, it was a lawless place with a labyrinth of lanes impossible to navigate without a guide and unsafe to pass alone even in daylight. It was inhabited by rogues and vagabonds (the Cock-Roadites) who ranged as far as Bath, Hereford
and Gloucester
. Henry began a campaign to make the place a bit more civilised, gradually gaining support from other people in and around Bristol. A few criminals were detected and removed but many remained. A Sunday school
was opened on Cock Road in July 1812. It was surprisingly popular - 75 children came on the first day. On first arriving in Kingswood, Samuel joined in the work. At first his job was to visit the absentees and if possible bring them to school. He used a pony to cover the ground and often went without Sunday lunch. He enjoyed doing it. He continued to work for the school and other schools in the area for the rest of his life. In time he trained his sons and only daughter, and his more devout employees, in the same work
.
One Sunday evening after preaching, Samuel passed a group of youths, wild, rough and ignorant and he persuaded them to come to tea next day at Kingswood chapel. It was a meeting of the tract distributors but he didn’t mention that. They came and had their tea. He asked them if their friends might come to a bigger meeting (with tea) at his own house. They thought so and many youths were given tickets. At the second meeting, he knew they would try to bolt after tea so he forestalled that by offering 50 pounds to the meeting to be distributed as the meeting collectively thought fit. In no time at all the lads were manoeuvred into founding “Kingswood Young Men’s Association” with some of them on the committee. This progressed into a regular meeting on Sunday nights for religious instruction, and on weekday nights for secular instruction. A Young Women’s Association was also founded on the same principles. These associations improved many young people and converted some.
He led funding for many chapels and schools in and near Kingswood and gave generously himself.
Arthur reports many individual cases of practical help for people in trouble. Here is one example, provided to Arthur by the Rev. John Gaskin. Samuel had noticed that one of his men seemed very sad. He called the man into his office and he said he was overwhelmed by debt and hard-put not to kill himself. Samuel made close enquiries and learned that the main cause was bills in connection with his wife’s illness. He told the man that he thought the creditors could be induced to take half and that he had a friend who had given him the means to pay the other half. With this message he sent the man back to work. He then spent most of the day personally visiting the creditors and persuading them to accept half, reminding them that God had forgiven them their own debts to Him. We can well imagine the joy on the man’s face towards the end of the day as he read all the receipts. But who was the friend? “You know that Friend as well as I do. .. go home to your wife and thank that Friend together for making you an independent man.”
He believed that happiness and virtue were more important than anything else and that both could be found at the same time through a constant, open dialogue with God but not otherwise. He was more fortunate in this as a young man than later, when his responsibilities and temptations were greater. He constantly examined his own inner life and noted his many failures to reach the standards set and followed by Christ. In religious meetings he would confess these things openly, even when his own men were present. He struggled to reconcile the pressures of business with the demands of virtue and shared his struggles with the Lord and with his friends. At the same time most of his friends considered him to be one of the most virtuous people they knew. He spent time warning and guiding others away from sin and towards virtue. He was not afraid to walk into a group of wild men and gently lead them back towards virtue..
Naturally he was very sad. For himself he was content but he felt strongly that he had
not loved and obeyed his Saviour as much as he should have done. Others would have disagreed but no one is perfect and he felt his failures acutely. Gradually he came to see this is one of the reasons why salvation is offered and then he was joyful again.
He had many visits from friends and family and received and gave much encouragement and prayer.
In the diary which he maintained he wrote, “April 13th....I feel that every thing which has been well done and prospered is that in which I was prompted and guided and assisted by my heavenly Father, and that which failed was when I leaned upon my own efforts and endeavours and then they proved weak and powerless.”
Samuel died on 29th April 1851 at his home The Park, Tabernacle Road, Kingswood. William Arthur
was in Bristol on that day and he went to Kingswood to attend the funeral, which was on 7th May. He reports the events in his book. He says the procession began at Samuel’s home. It included 200 men and boys, walking in pairs. Outside the property all shops were closed and all houses had their blinds drawn down. A dense crowd stood outside the gates and along the road to the chapel, which was soon full, with more people outside. Arthur (who was an Irishman) tells us that he had never seen such a large collective expression of grief, even in Ireland, except for Paris
in 1848, at the mass funeral of those killed in the battles of June
. He spoke to many individuals and heard stories of Samuel's acts of kindness to them
.
James Smith Budgett (1823-1906) who married Mary Bolton Farmer on 18 Oct 1849.
Sarah Ann Budgett (1824-1828)
Elizabeth Budgett (1826-1826). She died at the aged of one month.
William Henry Budgett (1827-1900) who married Ann J Lidgett (1839-1936) on 1 Oct 1862.
Edwin Budgett (1829-1849). He was a healthy young man who died suddenly of Cholera
. “Frank, vivacious, open, with a clear head, a quick glance, a commanding look, prompt, firm action, a hearty laugh, a mellow voice, and a musical taste which .... would sometimes make the place joyful....”.
Samuel Budgett (1831-1904) who married Sarah Hannah Brogden (1834-1908), daughter of John Brogden
who was a railway contractor, iron master and coal master.
Sarah Ann Budgett (1832-1906) who married Edward Ebenezer Meakin (1838-1897) on 19 Nov 1864, Calcutta. They took the surname Budgett-Meakin and travelled in India
. Like Sarah, Edward was a Methodist. He was a merchant, writer and preacher. In 1882 they moved to Morocco
as his health was not good and the drier climate there was recommended.
All the above marriages have descendents still living in 2011 including: Arthur Budgett
and Richard Budgett
. John Samuel Budgett was also a descendent.
This is the principal source of published information about Samuel Budgett. It ran into many editions. For example the 43rd UK edition was published in 1878, London and Belfast by William Mullan and Son.
In the United States there were editions by many publishers, including:
In the Preface, Arthur says, “The design of this volume is to furnish a work wherein an actual and a remarkable life is traced in relation to Commerce.... to be a friendly, familiar ‘’book for the busy’’, to which men from the counting-house or the shop might turn, feeling that it concerned them, and for which they might possibly be the better here and hereafter.”
Rising from humble origins, Budgett built up a wholesale grocery business called H.H. & S. Budgett
H.H. & S. Budgett
H.H. & S. Budgett was a leading wholesale grocer covering South-West England, South Wales and the London area. It began about 1820 when Samuel Budgett became a partner of his half-brother Henry Hill Budgett in the latter’s small shop in Kingswood, Bristol. Samuel had a passion for trading...
, based in Kingswood
Kingswood, South Gloucestershire
Kingswood is an urban area in South Gloucestershire, England, bordering the City of Bristol to the west. It is located on both sides of the A420 road, which connects Bristol and Chippenham and which forms the high street through the principal retail zone...
Bristol
Bristol
Bristol is a city, unitary authority area and ceremonial county in South West England, with an estimated population of 433,100 for the unitary authority in 2009, and a surrounding Larger Urban Zone with an estimated 1,070,000 residents in 2007...
, covering a large area of Southern and Western England
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
and South Wales
South Wales
South Wales is an area of Wales bordered by England and the Bristol Channel to the east and south, and Mid Wales and West Wales to the north and west. The most densely populated region in the south-west of the United Kingdom, it is home to around 2.1 million people and includes the capital city of...
, which outlasted him by over a century. He was a devoted Wesleyan Methodist
Wesleyan Methodist Church (Great Britain)
The Wesleyan Methodist Church was the name used by the major Methodist movement in Great Britain following its split from the Church of England after the death of John Wesley and the appearance of parallel Methodist movements...
, who came close to offering himself as a missionary. Having chosen instead to work as a grocer to support his impoverished parents and siblings, he applied Christian
Christian
A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as recorded in the Canonical gospels and the letters of the New Testament...
principles to his business, setting improving standards in food purity and working conditions. He also began each day’s business with a short Christian service for all staff.
With his elder brother, Samuel Budgett made a big difference to Kingswood. Having arrived in 1809 with nothing but his apprenticeship, he never left the place, even when he could afford to do so. He built a strong business, providing many good honest jobs. He built a house and laid gardens and a farm. These provided more employment, as well as space for meetings and parties. He was a watchful but gentle employer, seeking above all to help people to increase their own self-mastery and usefulness. He led efforts to build chapels and schools where ordinary people could gain knowledge and learn the art of citizenship. He gave much of his money to these causes and to individuals in trouble.
Shortly after his death a biography - The Successful Merchant, by William Arthur
William Arthur (minister)
William Arthur was a Wesleyan Methodist minister and author.-Biography:Born at Newport, in the county Mayo, eight miles from Castlebar, Arthur was educated at Horton College, and at the age of twenty was sent to Goobbee, in Southern India, where he was engaged for several years in missionary work...
- was published which went into over forty editions in the UK alone and made him well known. Robert Louis Stevenson
Robert Louis Stevenson
Robert Louis Balfour Stevenson was a Scottish novelist, poet, essayist and travel writer. His best-known books include Treasure Island, Kidnapped, and Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde....
, in his book Virginibus Puerisque, mentions Samuel Budgett in passing, apparently confident that he requires no introduction.
NOTE: Both Samuel Budgett and his biographer William Arthur
William Arthur (minister)
William Arthur was a Wesleyan Methodist minister and author.-Biography:Born at Newport, in the county Mayo, eight miles from Castlebar, Arthur was educated at Horton College, and at the age of twenty was sent to Goobbee, in Southern India, where he was engaged for several years in missionary work...
were devout Methodists at a time when Methodism was very strong in the UK. Arthur’s book says much about Samuel’s Christian principles and actions as well as recommending that the reader should treat him as an example. It has been suggested that Arthur’s account is biased. However it is an account of how Samuel (and others) thought and acted, written by the man with the best access to those who knew and it is now the only account we have. Arthur himself wrote, “... an effort has been made to insert, with a firm hand, every real scar. Some will say they are too slight; others will say they are too deep, and these they who most intimately knew the original.” In this article both the religious and secular aspects of the man are presented using Arthur as the guide.
Early Life
Samuel Budgett was born in WringtonWrington
Wrington is a village and civil parish in North Somerset, England. It lies in the valley of the Congresbury Yeo river about east of Weston-super-Mare and south-east of Yatton. It is both a civil parish, with a population of 2,896, and an ecclesiastical parish...
on 27th July 1794. His father’s first wife had died and he had married again, Samuel being the eldest son of this second marriage to Elizabeth (Betsy) Budgett (1767 – 1831). His parents moved several times. In 1801 they took a shop in Kingswood
Kingswood, South Gloucestershire
Kingswood is an urban area in South Gloucestershire, England, bordering the City of Bristol to the west. It is located on both sides of the A420 road, which connects Bristol and Chippenham and which forms the high street through the principal retail zone...
, Bristol
Bristol
Bristol is a city, unitary authority area and ceremonial county in South West England, with an estimated population of 433,100 for the unitary authority in 2009, and a surrounding Larger Urban Zone with an estimated 1,070,000 residents in 2007...
. In 1803 parents and children moved again to Coleford
Coleford, Somerset
Coleford is a village and civil parish in Somerset, England, situated on the Mells River in the Mendip Hills five miles west of Frome. The village has a population of 2,350.-History:...
where they opened a small general shop, leaving Henry Hill Budgett in charge of the Kingswood shop. Henry was a grown up son of the first marriage, about 15 years older than Samuel..
The family were poor but were devoted members of the Methodist Chapel wherever they lived. Samuel’s two passions were his faith and his constant desire to get a little extra money by trading. He had to choose whether to be a missionary or a trader. His parents’ poverty prevented them from affording a missionary’s education. It also meant that they needed him as a breadwinner. So he decided to be a trader. Initially he was buying and selling things worth only a few pence. Gradually he was able to plough back his profits and trade larger amounts. Finally his capital reached 30 pounds. He gave this all to his mother before leaving to become an apprentice.
At the age of thirteen, Samuel learned a very useful lesson from an adult salesman. This man tried and failed to make headway with his mother. Samuel realised that this was because the man ran through his whole range, never producing any special bargains. He saw that if the man had first offered one or two genuine bargains, this would have got his mother’s attention and “hooked” her for other sales, This became one of his principles of business.
Apprentice
In April 1809, at the age of 14, Samuel bound himself to Henry for seven years as an apprentice grocer. The hours were long: typically 6am to 9pm or later. Worse, in June 1812 Henry sacked his brother for “want of ability”. Although he did look undersize and understrength, Samuel managed to find work with another grocer. He was well liked and successful. Then six months later, Henry went back on his earlier decision and re-instated Samuel as apprentice, not as an offer but insisting that the indentures gave him the right to demand his return. Although he was happy in his new position and his employee offered to increase his pay, Samuel felt bound to his brother and obediently returned. He worked as a Sunday School teacher at the local chapel. When the apprenticeship ended in about 1816, he agreed a contract with his brother to work the next three years at 40, 50 and 60 pounds respectively. He spent only essential money on himself and managed to save 100 pounds in the three years and give money to friends and family as well.Partnership
At this point it turned out that Henry had lost money in speculation, although his main business was prospering. Samuel gave his 100 pounds to his brother to help him out. At the same time, Henry made Samuel his partner. Samuel took a small cottage near the shop and married Ann Smith from Midsomer NortonMidsomer Norton
Midsomer Norton is a town near the Mendip Hills in Somerset, England, south-west of Bath, north-east of Wells, north-west of Frome, and south-east of Bristol. It has a population of 10,458. Along with Radstock and Westfield it used to be part of the conurbation and large civil parish of Norton...
. Even as a hired man, he had been running a department of the shop, buying carefully, selling at keen prices, presenting his low prices well and making his customers feel welcome. People were coming to the shop from neighbouring villages. Now to increase sales further he himself went out to these villages to save them the trouble of travelling.
The next few years are covered in more detail in H.H. & S. Budgett
H.H. & S. Budgett
H.H. & S. Budgett was a leading wholesale grocer covering South-West England, South Wales and the London area. It began about 1820 when Samuel Budgett became a partner of his half-brother Henry Hill Budgett in the latter’s small shop in Kingswood, Bristol. Samuel had a passion for trading...
. Briefly, against his brother’s misgivings, he started to sell common items to outlying shops where the price difference made it worthwhile. Having mastered that, the trade was grown carefully and slowly, adding new commodities for old customers, visiting larger shops in larger towns, travelling further away, carefully recruiting travellers and revisiting, in a relaxed manner, the fancy shops which had previously refused him. In time the business reached as far as Birmingham
Birmingham
Birmingham is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands of England. It is the most populous British city outside the capital London, with a population of 1,036,900 , and lies at the heart of the West Midlands conurbation, the second most populous urban area in the United Kingdom with a...
and Penzance
Penzance
Penzance is a town, civil parish, and port in Cornwall, England, in the United Kingdom. It is the most westerly major town in Cornwall and is approximately 75 miles west of Plymouth and 300 miles west-southwest of London...
.
As they advanced, Samuel bought the grounds of an old quarry in Kingswood. Here he built a substantial house where he lived to the end of his life. Later he had this filled in and made into gardens and farmland, forty to fifty acres. This was partly to provide local employment. Long afterwards an old man said, “Yes; I remember when there were five men and three horses, and I have lived to see three hundred men and one hundred horses”. During a food shortage in 1846 and 1847 he employed many extra people just to keep them from starving.
Samuel Budgett’s Principles of Business
From the start Samuel had very clear principles about how to run a business and carefully designed rules for employees. Although the detailed rules changed, the outline was fixed and deviations from the current rules were taken very seriously.1. He always tried to adhere to Christian principles. He felt it was not worth getting a bit more if you lost your soul as a result. More to the point, you shouldn’t tempt others into losing their souls. Samuel well knew the difference between a Christian and a pseudo-Christian. A Wesleyan lay-preacher once used his religious position to get an interview. He tried to sell Samuel a scheme to make mock vinegar, to be sold as real. He was roundly rebuked, especially because of his position of trust, and sent packing.
2. They began every day with an Act of Worship, about 30 minutes, in a room set aside as a chapel. If a family member was present he would lead but there was a rota of others who often led.
3. Punctuality. Samuel received a list of latecomers each day. Anyone who stayed off the list for a year received a sovereign. Each man received a penny on first arriving at 6 am, again after breakfast, and again after dinner. If he was late he forfeited the penny. This provided a gentle encouragement and it replaced a tradition of providing free beer. Samuel did not mind if men chose to drink moderately but he knew the risks and, as a Methodist, felt it wrong to be an agent of them. The precise rules were changed over the years.
4. He would neither borrow nor lend. If the customer was buying in the shop, he must pay immediately. If he was distant, the traveller would see him every four weeks precisely and the account must then be fully settled. Samuel felt this was best for the customer as well as himself, because once you start to borrow, it is not clear where you should stop. He also saw, in practice, bad debt ripple through chains of businesses, ruining the families concerned and even damaging the country. He felt he was setting an example by demonstrating what could be done without borrowing. Writing in 2010, this sounds all too familiar!
5. Tact, Push, Principle. Samuel worked that way himself and only recruited those who showed these three qualities. Principle applied to both masters and men. It meant honest dealing with customers as well as masters. A master must not force his man to a target that could not be honestly reached, with the message, “I don’t want to know how you get it done, just do it”. If the master does not want to know how the target is met, he is more guilty than the minion who actually breaks the rules. Principle can be hard to discover but Samuel could find it. He once visited a grocer, noticed one man in particular and quickly said to his host, “I would not keep him for a day”. The host thought the man was his best employee but he watched him, and in time caught him stealing and dismissed him. The man continued to go downhill. Working for another master, he stole by the wagon-load.
6. He believed you must only supply ingredients as described. Pepper was highly taxed. There was an established practice in the trade of adulterating ground pepper with “Pepper Dust” (P.D.). It was a standard product which grocers bought. The practice was harmless but dishonest. Early on Samuel had accepted this practice as standard but he thought about it more and more and finally, having made the decision, he went back one night and threw away his stock of P.D..
7. He made sure to know all his employees, however humble. He befriended them almost as much as his own family. He tried to understand them and their families and their worries. He gave them all a free party at least once a year. Every young man who “lived in” had his own space, where he could sleep and pray in private.
8. Samuel consulted his whole family, including his wife, sister and children, if he had a difficult problem to resolve. If uncertainty remained then he would express his confidence that the Lord would deal with it. This helped the children to grow up morally as well as physically and enabled them, when the time came, to take command with confidence.
9. “Precision, order, energy and exactness are principles engraved on every department of the vast business here conducted.” A “Wesleyan Minister” wrote this to the ‘’Christian Miscellany’’ for 1847.
10. “Make all you can, save all you can, give all you can” (John Wesley
John Wesley
John Wesley was a Church of England cleric and Christian theologian. Wesley is largely credited, along with his brother Charles Wesley, as founding the Methodist movement which began when he took to open-air preaching in a similar manner to George Whitefield...
). Samuel was convinced that these went together and gave away his whole savings three times before he became a partner. This is a remarkable quality in a man who was so passionate about trading.
11. One principle was established later: not to speculate. In 1842 the Opium Wars
Opium Wars
The Opium Wars, also known as the Anglo-Chinese Wars, divided into the First Opium War from 1839 to 1842 and the Second Opium War from 1856 to 1860, were the climax of disputes over trade and diplomatic relations between China under the Qing Dynasty and the British Empire...
broke out and he made a killing in tea. Later the same year he lost it again. He never tried it again. He avoided all the triumphs and disasters of the railway mania.
He would not let his men impose upon him. If a man was in fault and confessed then he was quick to forgive but if he dissembled then Samuel would get the truth and then his rebuke could be tremendous, depending on the gravity of the offence.
During his tenure he reduced the hours by a considerable number. At the beginning of his apprenticeship, hours were nominally from 6 am to 9 pm, with frequent extensions to 10 and 11 pm, astounding though it seems now. Samuel worked long and hard to get better organisation and enough staff to shorten these hours. First he got it to 8.30 pm, then seven, then six. Detentions beyond the nominal time still happened but he worked on those too. One way was a rule that everyone must wait until the last man had finished. This led the men themselves to correct inefficiency in the system. Finally the closing time got to 5 or 5.30. Note that, in the UK, we buy goods from Third World
Third World
The term Third World arose during the Cold War to define countries that remained non-aligned with either capitalism and NATO , or communism and the Soviet Union...
countries where long hours are still an issue.
His Principles of Life
Samuel was a ChristianChristian
A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as recorded in the Canonical gospels and the letters of the New Testament...
through and through. He took Christ
Christ
Christ is the English term for the Greek meaning "the anointed one". It is a translation of the Hebrew , usually transliterated into English as Messiah or Mashiach...
’s command, “Love your neighbour as yourself” very seriously and he truly loved his employees and his very ordinary neighbours in Kingswood.
When Henry Budgett began to trade in Kingswood, it was a lawless place with a labyrinth of lanes impossible to navigate without a guide and unsafe to pass alone even in daylight. It was inhabited by rogues and vagabonds (the Cock-Roadites) who ranged as far as Bath, Hereford
Hereford
Hereford is a cathedral city, civil parish and county town of Herefordshire, England. It lies on the River Wye, approximately east of the border with Wales, southwest of Worcester, and northwest of Gloucester...
and Gloucester
Gloucester
Gloucester is a city, district and county town of Gloucestershire in the South West region of England. Gloucester lies close to the Welsh border, and on the River Severn, approximately north-east of Bristol, and south-southwest of Birmingham....
. Henry began a campaign to make the place a bit more civilised, gradually gaining support from other people in and around Bristol. A few criminals were detected and removed but many remained. A Sunday school
Sunday school
Sunday school is the generic name for many different types of religious education pursued on Sundays by various denominations.-England:The first Sunday school may have been opened in 1751 in St. Mary's Church, Nottingham. Another early start was made by Hannah Ball, a native of High Wycombe in...
was opened on Cock Road in July 1812. It was surprisingly popular - 75 children came on the first day. On first arriving in Kingswood, Samuel joined in the work. At first his job was to visit the absentees and if possible bring them to school. He used a pony to cover the ground and often went without Sunday lunch. He enjoyed doing it. He continued to work for the school and other schools in the area for the rest of his life. In time he trained his sons and only daughter, and his more devout employees, in the same work
.
One Sunday evening after preaching, Samuel passed a group of youths, wild, rough and ignorant and he persuaded them to come to tea next day at Kingswood chapel. It was a meeting of the tract distributors but he didn’t mention that. They came and had their tea. He asked them if their friends might come to a bigger meeting (with tea) at his own house. They thought so and many youths were given tickets. At the second meeting, he knew they would try to bolt after tea so he forestalled that by offering 50 pounds to the meeting to be distributed as the meeting collectively thought fit. In no time at all the lads were manoeuvred into founding “Kingswood Young Men’s Association” with some of them on the committee. This progressed into a regular meeting on Sunday nights for religious instruction, and on weekday nights for secular instruction. A Young Women’s Association was also founded on the same principles. These associations improved many young people and converted some.
He led funding for many chapels and schools in and near Kingswood and gave generously himself.
Arthur reports many individual cases of practical help for people in trouble. Here is one example, provided to Arthur by the Rev. John Gaskin. Samuel had noticed that one of his men seemed very sad. He called the man into his office and he said he was overwhelmed by debt and hard-put not to kill himself. Samuel made close enquiries and learned that the main cause was bills in connection with his wife’s illness. He told the man that he thought the creditors could be induced to take half and that he had a friend who had given him the means to pay the other half. With this message he sent the man back to work. He then spent most of the day personally visiting the creditors and persuading them to accept half, reminding them that God had forgiven them their own debts to Him. We can well imagine the joy on the man’s face towards the end of the day as he read all the receipts. But who was the friend? “You know that Friend as well as I do. .. go home to your wife and thank that Friend together for making you an independent man.”
He believed that happiness and virtue were more important than anything else and that both could be found at the same time through a constant, open dialogue with God but not otherwise. He was more fortunate in this as a young man than later, when his responsibilities and temptations were greater. He constantly examined his own inner life and noted his many failures to reach the standards set and followed by Christ. In religious meetings he would confess these things openly, even when his own men were present. He struggled to reconcile the pressures of business with the demands of virtue and shared his struggles with the Lord and with his friends. At the same time most of his friends considered him to be one of the most virtuous people they knew. He spent time warning and guiding others away from sin and towards virtue. He was not afraid to walk into a group of wild men and gently lead them back towards virtue..
Illness and Death
As 1850 approached its close, Samuel Budgett was a man in an enviable position. His children were launched. His business was prospering and generally accepted as sound. His social circle was extending and he had time available to spend as he wished. Just then, at 56, the first signs of mortality appeared. He walked up one of the Bristol hills and found it hard work. Soon even the stairs became a trial. He was in heart failure and his life was at serious risk.Naturally he was very sad. For himself he was content but he felt strongly that he had
not loved and obeyed his Saviour as much as he should have done. Others would have disagreed but no one is perfect and he felt his failures acutely. Gradually he came to see this is one of the reasons why salvation is offered and then he was joyful again.
He had many visits from friends and family and received and gave much encouragement and prayer.
In the diary which he maintained he wrote, “April 13th....I feel that every thing which has been well done and prospered is that in which I was prompted and guided and assisted by my heavenly Father, and that which failed was when I leaned upon my own efforts and endeavours and then they proved weak and powerless.”
Samuel died on 29th April 1851 at his home The Park, Tabernacle Road, Kingswood. William Arthur
William Arthur (minister)
William Arthur was a Wesleyan Methodist minister and author.-Biography:Born at Newport, in the county Mayo, eight miles from Castlebar, Arthur was educated at Horton College, and at the age of twenty was sent to Goobbee, in Southern India, where he was engaged for several years in missionary work...
was in Bristol on that day and he went to Kingswood to attend the funeral, which was on 7th May. He reports the events in his book. He says the procession began at Samuel’s home. It included 200 men and boys, walking in pairs. Outside the property all shops were closed and all houses had their blinds drawn down. A dense crowd stood outside the gates and along the road to the chapel, which was soon full, with more people outside. Arthur (who was an Irishman) tells us that he had never seen such a large collective expression of grief, even in Ireland, except for Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
in 1848, at the mass funeral of those killed in the battles of June
June Days Uprising
The June Days Uprising was a revolution staged by the citizens of France, whose only source of income was the National Workshops, from 23 June to 26 June 1848. The Workshops were created by the Second Republic in order to provide work and a source of income for the unemployed, however only...
. He spoke to many individuals and heard stories of Samuel's acts of kindness to them
.
Family
Samuel married Ann Smith (1791-1860) on 9 May 1822. They had children as follows:James Smith Budgett (1823-1906) who married Mary Bolton Farmer on 18 Oct 1849.
Sarah Ann Budgett (1824-1828)
Elizabeth Budgett (1826-1826). She died at the aged of one month.
William Henry Budgett (1827-1900) who married Ann J Lidgett (1839-1936) on 1 Oct 1862.
Edwin Budgett (1829-1849). He was a healthy young man who died suddenly of Cholera
Cholera
Cholera is an infection of the small intestine that is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. The main symptoms are profuse watery diarrhea and vomiting. Transmission occurs primarily by drinking or eating water or food that has been contaminated by the diarrhea of an infected person or the feces...
. “Frank, vivacious, open, with a clear head, a quick glance, a commanding look, prompt, firm action, a hearty laugh, a mellow voice, and a musical taste which .... would sometimes make the place joyful....”.
Samuel Budgett (1831-1904) who married Sarah Hannah Brogden (1834-1908), daughter of John Brogden
John Brogden (industrialist)
John Brogden was a cleansing, building and railway contractor, railway promoter, a miner of coal and iron and an iron smelter. He was brought up on a farm near Clitheroe, Lancashire. As a young man he migrated to a rapidly growing Manchester and applied his farmer's knowledge of horses as a...
who was a railway contractor, iron master and coal master.
Sarah Ann Budgett (1832-1906) who married Edward Ebenezer Meakin (1838-1897) on 19 Nov 1864, Calcutta. They took the surname Budgett-Meakin and travelled in India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
. Like Sarah, Edward was a Methodist. He was a merchant, writer and preacher. In 1882 they moved to Morocco
Morocco
Morocco , officially the Kingdom of Morocco , is a country located in North Africa. It has a population of more than 32 million and an area of 710,850 km², and also primarily administers the disputed region of the Western Sahara...
as his health was not good and the drier climate there was recommended.
All the above marriages have descendents still living in 2011 including: Arthur Budgett
Arthur Budgett
Arthur Budgett was a British Thoroughbred racehorse trainer who was one of only two people to have bred, owned and trained two English Derby winners....
and Richard Budgett
Richard Budgett
Dr Richard Gordon McBride Budgett OBE is a British Olympic rower and chief medical officer to the 2012 Summer Olympic Games to be held in London....
. John Samuel Budgett was also a descendent.
The Successful Merchant
- Arthur, WilliamWilliam Arthur (minister)William Arthur was a Wesleyan Methodist minister and author.-Biography:Born at Newport, in the county Mayo, eight miles from Castlebar, Arthur was educated at Horton College, and at the age of twenty was sent to Goobbee, in Southern India, where he was engaged for several years in missionary work...
(1852), The Successful Merchant, London, United Kingdom: Hamilton, Adams & Co., Download Available.
This is the principal source of published information about Samuel Budgett. It ran into many editions. For example the 43rd UK edition was published in 1878, London and Belfast by William Mullan and Son.
In the United States there were editions by many publishers, including:
-
- Swormstedt & Poe – Cincinnati - 1856, "Methodist Tract Society"
- Carlton & Phillips, New YorkNew YorkNew York is a state in the Northeastern region of the United States. It is the nation's third most populous state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south, and by Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont to the east...
, 1853 - D. Appleton, New York, 1857
- Publishing House of the M. E. Church, South, Nashville, Tn., 1894.
In the Preface, Arthur says, “The design of this volume is to furnish a work wherein an actual and a remarkable life is traced in relation to Commerce.... to be a friendly, familiar ‘’book for the busy’’, to which men from the counting-house or the shop might turn, feeling that it concerned them, and for which they might possibly be the better here and hereafter.”
Other sources
- Dictionary of National BiographyDictionary of National BiographyThe Dictionary of National Biography is a standard work of reference on notable figures from British history, published from 1885...
, 1886, Volume 7 (Brown – Burthogge) , Samuel Budgett - Peter Wardley, Dictionary of National BiographyDictionary of National BiographyThe Dictionary of National Biography is a standard work of reference on notable figures from British history, published from 1885...
, 2004, Samuel Budgett
Further Reading
- Peter BaynePeter BaynePeter Bayne was a Scottish author. He was educated in Marischal College, Aberdeen; studied theology at Edinburgh and philosophy under Sir William Hamilton at the latter institution. He wrote criticisms on Alison, De Quincey, Hugh Miller, and others...
, 18.., Men Worthy to Lead; Being Lives of John HowardJohn HowardJohn Winston Howard AC, SSI, was the 25th Prime Minister of Australia, from 11 March 1996 to 3 December 2007. He was the second-longest serving Australian Prime Minister after Sir Robert Menzies....
, William WilberforceWilliam WilberforceWilliam Wilberforce was a British politician, a philanthropist and a leader of the movement to abolish the slave trade. A native of Kingston upon Hull, Yorkshire, he began his political career in 1780, eventually becoming the independent Member of Parliament for Yorkshire...
, Thomas ChalmersThomas ChalmersThomas Chalmers , Scottish mathematician, political economist, divine and a leader of the Free Church of Scotland, was born at Anstruther in Fife.-Overview:...
, Thomas ArnoldThomas ArnoldDr Thomas Arnold was a British educator and historian. Arnold was an early supporter of the Broad Church Anglican movement...
, Samuel Budgett, John FosterJohn FosterJohn Foster may refer to:* Rev. John Foster, 18th century American clergyman* John Foster , MP for Dunleer 1790–1792, son of 1st Baron Oriel* John Foster , American, also engraver...
, ISBN: 1-152-41551-4.