Wang Yitang
Encyclopedia
Wang Yitang (October 17, 1877 - September 10, 1948) was a politician and military personnel in the Qing Dynasty
and Republic of China
. He belonged to Anhui clique
and formed the Anfu Club
. Later he became an important politician during the Provisional Government of the Republic of China and the Wang Jingwei regime (Republic of China-Nanjing).
His former name was Zhiyang (), adult name
was Shenwu () , Shengong (). Later his name was changed to Geng (), his adult name was changed to Yitang (). But he was famous by his Art-name
, Yitang (). He was born in Hefei
, Anhui
.
and became Jinshi , but he hoped to study about military. On September he went to Japan where he entered to Tokyo Shinbu Military Academy (:ja:東京振武学校). After graduating, he entered to the 9th Artillery Regiment in Kanazawa
. But his body couldn't suit for military personnel, so he transferred to the Hosei University
.
In 1907 Wang Yitang returned to China, after that he successively held the positions of Director to the Department for Military Affairs , Military Councilor to the office for the Viceroy of Three Northeast Provinces
(on that time, the Viceroy was Xu Shichang), Commander of the 1st Brigade of the Jilin
Army and Councilor to the Training Office of the Jilin. From 1909 he visited Russia and United States for watching foreign military affairs.
broke out, Wang Yitang through introduction of Xu Shichang, joined the secretariat of Yuan Shikai
. In 1912 Wang Yitang successively belonged to several political party, Minshe , Gonghe Cujinhui , United Party (Tongyidang; ) and Republican Party (Gonghedang; ). In 1913 he was elected to the Senator representing Tibet
. In May, United Party, Democratic Party (Minzhudang; ) and Republican Party were merged, and established the Progressive Party
(Jinbudang; ), where he was appointed Director of it. In May 1914 he was appointed a member of the States Council. In August 1915 he was transferred to Civil Governor Jilin. In April 1916 he was appointed Minister for Interior which post he held until the end of June on the 6th of which Yuan Shikai died.
Later Wang Yitang belonged to Duan Qirui
's Anhui clique
. In next November Duan formed the New Provisional Senate , Wang was appointed President of it. On March 8, 1918 Wang and Xu Shuzheng
established the Anfu Club engaged political works for the Anhui clique. On August 2, Wang was appointed Chairman of the House of Representatives, and led "Anfu Parliament" . But in July 1920 Anhui clique was defeated by Zhili clique on Zhili–Anhui War, Anfu Club and Anfu Parliament were also dissolved, so Wang defected to Japan.
In November 1924 Duan Qirui became Provisional Chief Executive , Wang Yitang also returned to Beijing. From November 1924 to April 1925 he worked as Military Governor Anhui. In 1928 Beijing Government
had collapsed, Wang escaped to Tianjin
.
, later he successively held the positions of Member of the Beiping Political Affairs Readjustment Commission , Member of the Hebei–Chahar Political Council, General Manager of the Tianjin Financial Bank , etc.
In December 1937 Wang Kemin
established the Provisional Government of the Republic of China, Wang Yitang also participated in it. He successively held the positions of Executive Member of the Political Commission , Minister for Relief, Minister for Interior. In March 1940 the Wang Jingwei regime was established, Wang Yitang was appointed Minister of the Examination Yuan and Member of the North China Political Council . From June 1940 to February 1943 he worked as Chairperson of the same Council.
After the Wang Jinwei regime had collapsed, Wang Yitang was arrested by Chiang Kaishek's Government at a hospital of Beiping on December 5, 1945. At first, he was looked upon a serious case by illness, so authority ceased to try his case. But because of it was found that his illness was a fake, so court started to try his case from September 1946. Later because of the charge of treason and surrender to enemy (namely Hanjian
), he was sentenced to death on Hebei High Court, and this judgment was fixed by Nanjing Capital High Court.
Wang Yitang was executed by firing squad at Beiping on September 10, 1948.
Qing Dynasty
The Qing Dynasty was the last dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917. It was preceded by the Ming Dynasty and followed by the Republic of China....
and Republic of China
Republic of China
The Republic of China , commonly known as Taiwan , is a unitary sovereign state located in East Asia. Originally based in mainland China, the Republic of China currently governs the island of Taiwan , which forms over 99% of its current territory, as well as Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu and other minor...
. He belonged to Anhui clique
Anhui clique
The Anhui clique was one of several mutually hostile cliques or factions that split from the Beiyang Clique in the Republic of China's Warlord era. It was named after Anhui province because several of its generals including its founder, Duan Qirui, was born in Anhui...
and formed the Anfu Club
Anhui clique
The Anhui clique was one of several mutually hostile cliques or factions that split from the Beiyang Clique in the Republic of China's Warlord era. It was named after Anhui province because several of its generals including its founder, Duan Qirui, was born in Anhui...
. Later he became an important politician during the Provisional Government of the Republic of China and the Wang Jingwei regime (Republic of China-Nanjing).
His former name was Zhiyang (), adult name
Chinese style name
A Chinese style name, sometimes also known as a courtesy name , is a given name to be used later in life. After 20 years of age, the zì is assigned in place of one's given name as a symbol of adulthood and respect...
was Shenwu () , Shengong (). Later his name was changed to Geng (), his adult name was changed to Yitang (). But he was famous by his Art-name
Art-name
An art-name is a pseudonym, or penname, used by an East Asian artist, which they sometimes change. The word and the idea to use a pseudonym originated from China, then became popular in other East Asian countries ....
, Yitang (). He was born in Hefei
Hefei
Hefei is the capital and largest city of Anhui Province in Eastern China. A prefecture-level city, it is the political, economic, and cultural centre of Anhui...
, Anhui
Anhui
Anhui is a province in the People's Republic of China. Located in eastern China across the basins of the Yangtze River and the Huai River, it borders Jiangsu to the east, Zhejiang to the southeast, Jiangxi to the south, Hubei to the southwest, Henan to the northwest, and Shandong for a tiny...
.
In the end of the Qing Dynasty
In 1904 Wang Yitang passed Imperial examinationImperial examination
The Imperial examination was an examination system in Imperial China designed to select the best administrative officials for the state's bureaucracy. This system had a huge influence on both society and culture in Imperial China and was directly responsible for the creation of a class of...
and became Jinshi , but he hoped to study about military. On September he went to Japan where he entered to Tokyo Shinbu Military Academy (:ja:東京振武学校). After graduating, he entered to the 9th Artillery Regiment in Kanazawa
Kanazawa, Ishikawa
is the capital city of Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan.-Geography, climate, and population:Kanazawa sits on the Sea of Japan, bordered by the Japan Alps, Hakusan National Park and Noto Peninsula National Park. The city sits between the Sai and Asano rivers. Its total area is 467.77 km².Kanazawa's...
. But his body couldn't suit for military personnel, so he transferred to the Hosei University
Hosei University
is a private university based in Tokyo, Japan.The university originated in a school of law, Tōkyō Hōgakusha , established in 1880, and the following year renamed Tōkyō Hōgakkō . This was from 1883 headed by Dr. Gustave Emile Boissonade, and was heavily influenced by the French legal tradition...
.
In 1907 Wang Yitang returned to China, after that he successively held the positions of Director to the Department for Military Affairs , Military Councilor to the office for the Viceroy of Three Northeast Provinces
Viceroy of Three Northeast Provinces
The Viceroy of Three Northeast Provinces , fully referred to as the Governor General of Three Northeast Provinces and surrounding areas; Overseeing Military Generals of the Three Provinces; Director of Civil Affairs of Fengtian , was the one of nine regional viceroys of the Qing Dynasty in China...
(on that time, the Viceroy was Xu Shichang), Commander of the 1st Brigade of the Jilin
Jilin
Jilin , is a province of the People's Republic of China located in the northeastern part of the country. Jilin borders North Korea and Russia to the east, Heilongjiang to the north, Liaoning to the south, and Inner Mongolia to the west...
Army and Councilor to the Training Office of the Jilin. From 1909 he visited Russia and United States for watching foreign military affairs.
In the Anhui clique
After the Xinhai RevolutionXinhai Revolution
The Xinhai Revolution or Hsinhai Revolution, also known as Revolution of 1911 or the Chinese Revolution, was a revolution that overthrew China's last imperial dynasty, the Qing , and established the Republic of China...
broke out, Wang Yitang through introduction of Xu Shichang, joined the secretariat of Yuan Shikai
Yuan Shikai
Yuan Shikai was an important Chinese general and politician famous for his influence during the late Qing Dynasty, his role in the events leading up to the abdication of the last Qing Emperor of China, his autocratic rule as the second President of the Republic of China , and his short-lived...
. In 1912 Wang Yitang successively belonged to several political party, Minshe , Gonghe Cujinhui , United Party (Tongyidang; ) and Republican Party (Gonghedang; ). In 1913 he was elected to the Senator representing Tibet
Tibet
Tibet is a plateau region in Asia, north-east of the Himalayas. It is the traditional homeland of the Tibetan people as well as some other ethnic groups such as Monpas, Qiang, and Lhobas, and is now also inhabited by considerable numbers of Han and Hui people...
. In May, United Party, Democratic Party (Minzhudang; ) and Republican Party were merged, and established the Progressive Party
Progressive Party (China)
- Origins :Chinese constitutionalism was a movement that originated after the First Sino-Japanese War . A young group of intellectuals in China led by Kang Youwei argued that China's defeat was due to its lack of modern institutions and legal framework which the Self-Strengthening Movement had...
(Jinbudang; ), where he was appointed Director of it. In May 1914 he was appointed a member of the States Council. In August 1915 he was transferred to Civil Governor Jilin. In April 1916 he was appointed Minister for Interior which post he held until the end of June on the 6th of which Yuan Shikai died.
Later Wang Yitang belonged to Duan Qirui
Duan Qirui
Duan Qirui was a Chinese warlord and politician, commander in the Beiyang Army, and the Provisional Chief Executive of Republic of China from November 24, 1924 to April 20, 1926. He was arguably the most powerful man in China from 1916 to 1920.- Early life :Born in Hefei as Duan Qirui , his...
's Anhui clique
Anhui clique
The Anhui clique was one of several mutually hostile cliques or factions that split from the Beiyang Clique in the Republic of China's Warlord era. It was named after Anhui province because several of its generals including its founder, Duan Qirui, was born in Anhui...
. In next November Duan formed the New Provisional Senate , Wang was appointed President of it. On March 8, 1918 Wang and Xu Shuzheng
Xu Shuzheng
Hsu Seu-Cheng or Xu Shuzheng , was a Chinese warlord in Republican China. A subordinate and right-hand man of Duan Qirui, he was a prominent member of the Anhui Clique....
established the Anfu Club engaged political works for the Anhui clique. On August 2, Wang was appointed Chairman of the House of Representatives, and led "Anfu Parliament" . But in July 1920 Anhui clique was defeated by Zhili clique on Zhili–Anhui War, Anfu Club and Anfu Parliament were also dissolved, so Wang defected to Japan.
In November 1924 Duan Qirui became Provisional Chief Executive , Wang Yitang also returned to Beijing. From November 1924 to April 1925 he worked as Military Governor Anhui. In 1928 Beijing Government
Beiyang Government
The Beiyang government or warlord government collectively refers to a series of military regimes that ruled from Beijing from 1912 to 1928 at Zhongnanhai. It was internationally recognized as the legitimate Government of the Republic of China. The name comes from the Beiyang Army which dominated...
had collapsed, Wang escaped to Tianjin
Tianjin
' is a metropolis in northern China and one of the five national central cities of the People's Republic of China. It is governed as a direct-controlled municipality, one of four such designations, and is, thus, under direct administration of the central government...
.
In the Provisional Government and the Wang Jingwei Regime
In 1931 Wang Yitang got his position on the National GovernmentRepublic of China
The Republic of China , commonly known as Taiwan , is a unitary sovereign state located in East Asia. Originally based in mainland China, the Republic of China currently governs the island of Taiwan , which forms over 99% of its current territory, as well as Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu and other minor...
, later he successively held the positions of Member of the Beiping Political Affairs Readjustment Commission , Member of the Hebei–Chahar Political Council, General Manager of the Tianjin Financial Bank , etc.
In December 1937 Wang Kemin
Wang Kemin
Wang Kemin was a leading official in the Chinese republican movement and early Beiyang government, later noted for his role as in the collaborationist Provisional Government of the Republic of China and Nanjing Nationalist Government during World War II....
established the Provisional Government of the Republic of China, Wang Yitang also participated in it. He successively held the positions of Executive Member of the Political Commission , Minister for Relief, Minister for Interior. In March 1940 the Wang Jingwei regime was established, Wang Yitang was appointed Minister of the Examination Yuan and Member of the North China Political Council . From June 1940 to February 1943 he worked as Chairperson of the same Council.
After the Wang Jinwei regime had collapsed, Wang Yitang was arrested by Chiang Kaishek's Government at a hospital of Beiping on December 5, 1945. At first, he was looked upon a serious case by illness, so authority ceased to try his case. But because of it was found that his illness was a fake, so court started to try his case from September 1946. Later because of the charge of treason and surrender to enemy (namely Hanjian
Hanjian
In Chinese culture, a Hanjian is a derogatory and pejorative term for a race traitor to the Han Chinese nation or state, and to a lesser extent, Han ethnicity. The word Hanjian is distinct from the general word for traitor, which could be used for any race or country...
), he was sentenced to death on Hebei High Court, and this judgment was fixed by Nanjing Capital High Court.
Wang Yitang was executed by firing squad at Beiping on September 10, 1948.
Footnotes
- Xiao Dongliang , Wang Yitang.