Yuwen
Encyclopedia
The Yuwen is a Chinese compound surname
first originated from the a pre-state clan
of Xianbei
ethnicity of Xiongnu
origin during the era of Sixteen Kingdoms
in China
, until its destruction by Former Yan
's prince Murong Huang
in 345. Among the eastern Xianbei clans that ranged from the central part of the present day Liaoning
province and eastward, Yuwen clan was the largest, and was awarded the position of the leader of eastern Xianbei (东部大人) by Chinese rulers. A descendant of the Yuwen tribe, Yuwen Tai
, established the Northern Zhou Dynasty in the 6th century.
Yuwen were descendants of the nomadic Xiongnu who became assimilated with the Xianbei after 89 CE and ruled the Kumo Xi
and Khitan
(both Mongolic peoples) before being defeated by Murong
Huang in 344 CE, upon which Yuwen separated from the Kumo Xi and Khitan. The language of the Yuwen is thought to be Turkic or a very distant branch of Mongolic.
Chinese compound surname
A Chinese compound surname is a Chinese surname using more than one character. Many of these surnames derive from noble and official titles, professions, place names and other areas, to serve for a purpose. Some are originally non-Han, while others were created by joining two one-character family...
first originated from the a pre-state clan
Clan
A clan is a group of people united by actual or perceived kinship and descent. Even if lineage details are unknown, clan members may be organized around a founding member or apical ancestor. The kinship-based bonds may be symbolical, whereby the clan shares a "stipulated" common ancestor that is a...
of Xianbei
Xianbei
The Xianbei were a significant Mongolic nomadic people residing in Manchuria, Inner Mongolia and eastern Mongolia. The title “Khan” was first used among the Xianbei.-Origins:...
ethnicity of Xiongnu
Xiongnu
The Xiongnu were ancient nomadic-based people that formed a state or confederation north of the agriculture-based empire of the Han Dynasty. Most of the information on the Xiongnu comes from Chinese sources...
origin during the era of Sixteen Kingdoms
Sixteen Kingdoms
The Sixteen Kingdoms, or less commonly the Sixteen States, were a collection of numerous short-lived sovereign states in China proper and its neighboring areas from 304 to 439 AD after the retreat of the Jin Dynasty to South China and before the establishment of the Northern Dynasties...
in China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
, until its destruction by Former Yan
Former Yan
The Former Yan was a state of Xianbei ethnicity during the era of Sixteen Kingdoms in China.Initially, Murong Huang and his son Murong Jun claimed the Jin Dynasty -created title "Prince of Yan," but subsequently, in 352, after seizing most of the former Later Zhao territory, Murong Juan would...
's prince Murong Huang
Murong Huang
Murong Huang , courtesy name Yuanzhen , formally Prince Wenming of Yan was a ruler of the Chinese/Xianbei state Former Yan and the commonly recognized founder of the state...
in 345. Among the eastern Xianbei clans that ranged from the central part of the present day Liaoning
Liaoning
' is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the northeast of the country. Its one-character abbreviation is "辽" , a name taken from the Liao River that flows through the province. "Níng" means "peace"...
province and eastward, Yuwen clan was the largest, and was awarded the position of the leader of eastern Xianbei (东部大人) by Chinese rulers. A descendant of the Yuwen tribe, Yuwen Tai
Yuwen Tai
Yuwen Tai , nickname Heita , formally Duke Wen of Anding , later further posthumously honored by Northern Zhou initially as Prince Wen then as Emperor Wen with the temple name Taizu , was the paramount general of the Chinese/Xianbei state Western Wei, a branch successor state of Northern Wei...
, established the Northern Zhou Dynasty in the 6th century.
Yuwen were descendants of the nomadic Xiongnu who became assimilated with the Xianbei after 89 CE and ruled the Kumo Xi
Kumo Xi
The Kumo Xi ) were a Mongolic steppe people located in current Manchuria from 207 AD to 907 AD. After the death of their ancestor Tadun in 207 they were no longer called Wuhuan but joined the Khitan Xianbei in submitting to the Yuwen Xianbei. Their history is widely linked to the more famous Khitan...
and Khitan
Khitan people
thumb|250px|Khitans [[Eagle hunting|using eagles to hunt]], painted during the Chinese [[Song Dynasty]].The Khitan people , or Khitai, Kitan, or Kidan, were a nomadic Mongolic people, originally located at Mongolia and Manchuria from the 4th century...
(both Mongolic peoples) before being defeated by Murong
Murong
Murong refers to an ethnic Xianbei tribe who are a Mongolic people attested from the time of Tanshihuai . Different strands of evidence exist linking the Murong to the language family of Mongols. Murong is also a Chinese surname...
Huang in 344 CE, upon which Yuwen separated from the Kumo Xi and Khitan. The language of the Yuwen is thought to be Turkic or a very distant branch of Mongolic.
Chieftains of the Yuwen
| Family names and given name Chinese name Personal names in Chinese culture follow a number of conventions different from those of personal names in Western cultures. Most noticeably, a Chinese name is written with the family name first and the given name next, therefore "John-Paul Smith" as a Chinese name would be "Smith John-Paul"... | Durations of reigns |
|---|---|
| Chinese convention: use family name and given name | |
| 宇文莫槐 Yǔwén Mòhuái Yuwen Mohuai Yuwen Mohuai was a chieftain of the Yuwen tribe from 260 to 293 CE.... |
260-293 |
| 宇文普回 Yǔwén Pǔhuí | 293-late 3rd century |
| 宇文丘不勤 Yǔwén Qiūbùqín Yuwen Qiubuqin Yuwen Qiubuqin chieftain of the Yuwen tribe . He succeeded his father Yuwen Pubo as chieftain. He was married to the daughter of Tuoba leader Tuoba Chuo.... |
late 3rd century |
| 宇文莫圭 Yǔwén Mòguī Yuwen Mogui Yuwen Mogui chieftain of the Yuwen tribe . He succeeded his father Yuwen Qiubuqin as chieftain. In 302, Yuwen Mogui dispatched a force to fight against the Xianbei chieftain Murong Hui.... |
late 3rd century (299?)- early 4th century (302?) |
| 宇文悉獨官 Yǔwén Xīdúguān | early 4th century |
| 宇文乞得歸 Yǔwén Qǐdeguī Yuwen Qidegui Yuwen Qidegui chieftain of the Yuwen tribe . He succeeded his father Yuwen Xunniyan as chieftain.In 325, Later Zhao ruler Shi Le added Yuwen Qidegui 官爵, Yuwen Qidegui dispatched troops to assist Shi Le in attacking Xianbei chieftain Murong Hui. Murong Hui then dispatched his heir apparent Murong... |
early 4th century-333 |
| 宇文逸豆歸 Yǔwén Yìdòuguī Yuwen Yidougui Yuwen Yidougui chieftain of the Yuwen tribe . He succeeded Yuwen Qidegui as chieftain.... |
333-345 |
See also
- XianbeiXianbeiThe Xianbei were a significant Mongolic nomadic people residing in Manchuria, Inner Mongolia and eastern Mongolia. The title “Khan” was first used among the Xianbei.-Origins:...
- MurongMurongMurong refers to an ethnic Xianbei tribe who are a Mongolic people attested from the time of Tanshihuai . Different strands of evidence exist linking the Murong to the language family of Mongols. Murong is also a Chinese surname...
- XiongnuXiongnuThe Xiongnu were ancient nomadic-based people that formed a state or confederation north of the agriculture-based empire of the Han Dynasty. Most of the information on the Xiongnu comes from Chinese sources...
- List of past Chinese ethnic groups
- Wu HuWu HuWu Hu was a Chinese term for the northern non-Chinese nomadic tribes which caused the Wu Hu uprising, and established the Sixteen Kingdoms from 304 to 439 AD.-Definition:...
- Northern Zhou Dynasty
- Yuwen ZhangYuwen ZhangYuwen Zhang is an Asian American professor of mechanical engineering. He is currently a Professor in the at the University of Missouri, Columbia, MO.-Education and Career:...