'Adud al-Daula
Encyclopedia
Aḍud al-Dawla or Azod od-Dowleh Panah (Fana) Khusraw (September 24, 936, Isfahan - March 26, 983) was an emir
of the Buyid dynasty in Iran and Iraq. He is widely regarded as the greatest emir of the dynasty.
The son of Rukn al-Daula
, Fana Khusrau was given the title of 'Adud al-Daula by the Abbasid
caliph in 948 when he was made emir of Fars after the death of his childless uncle 'Imad al-Daula
, after which Rukn al-Daula became the senior emir of the Buwayhids. In 974 'Adud al-Daula was sent by his father to crush a rebellion by his cousin 'Izz al-Daula
. After defeating his cousin's forces, he claimed the emirate of Iraq for himself, angering his father, though he would become the senior emir after the death of his father.
'Adud al-Dawla became emir of Iraq while the capital of Baghdad
was suffering from violence and instability owing to sectarian conflict. In order to bring peace and stability to the city, he ordered the banning of public demonstrations and polemics. At the same time, he patronized a number of Shi'a scholars such as al-Mufid
, and he sponsored the renovation of a number of important Shi'a shrines.
In addition, 'Adud al-Daula is credited with sponsoring and patronizing other scientific projects during his time. An observatory was built by his orders in Isfahan
where Azophi worked. al-Muqaddasi
also reports of a great dam
built under his orders between Shiraz, Iran
and Istakhr
in 960 CE. The dam irrigated some 300 villages in Fars province and became known as Band-i Amir. Among his other major constructions was the digging of the Haffar
channel, that joined the Karun
River to the Arvand Rud / Shatt al-Arab river (the confluence of Tigris
and Euphrates
). The port of Khorramshahr
is built on the Haffar, at its joining point with the Arvand Rud/Shatt al-Arab.
He also founded the Bimaristan-i Adhudi (Al-Adudi Hospital
) which is where the great hakim
Rhazes spent his last days practicing in. (E. Browne, p. 46)
.He held power for four years .His reign was a peaceful one.His death was a great blow to the Buwayhids.
Emir
Emir , meaning "commander", "general", or "prince"; also transliterated as Amir, Aamir or Ameer) is a title of high office, used throughout the Muslim world...
of the Buyid dynasty in Iran and Iraq. He is widely regarded as the greatest emir of the dynasty.
The son of Rukn al-Daula
Rukn al-Daula
Hasan , known as Rukn al-Dawla, was the first Buyid amir of northern and central Iran . He was the son of Buya.-Struggle for power:...
, Fana Khusrau was given the title of 'Adud al-Daula by the Abbasid
Abbasid
The Abbasid Caliphate or, more simply, the Abbasids , was the third of the Islamic caliphates. It was ruled by the Abbasid dynasty of caliphs, who built their capital in Baghdad after overthrowing the Umayyad caliphate from all but the al-Andalus region....
caliph in 948 when he was made emir of Fars after the death of his childless uncle 'Imad al-Daula
'Imad al-Daula
Ali ibn Buya "'Imad al-Daula" was the founder of the Buyid dynasty in Iran .- Early career :'Ali first entered the services of the Samanids under Nasr II, where he became a member of the ruler's entourage. From there he eventually joined Makan, who ruled Gorgan and Ray as a governor of the...
, after which Rukn al-Daula became the senior emir of the Buwayhids. In 974 'Adud al-Daula was sent by his father to crush a rebellion by his cousin 'Izz al-Daula
'Izz al-Daula
Izz al-Daula was the Buyid amir of Iraq . He was born Bakhtiyar, and was the son of Mu'izz al-Daula.In the spring of 955, Mu'izz al-Daula became very ill and decided to name his son as his successor. Five years later, the caliph officially recognized this by granting Bakhtiyar the title of "'Izz...
. After defeating his cousin's forces, he claimed the emirate of Iraq for himself, angering his father, though he would become the senior emir after the death of his father.
'Adud al-Dawla became emir of Iraq while the capital of Baghdad
Baghdad
Baghdad is the capital of Iraq, as well as the coterminous Baghdad Governorate. The population of Baghdad in 2011 is approximately 7,216,040...
was suffering from violence and instability owing to sectarian conflict. In order to bring peace and stability to the city, he ordered the banning of public demonstrations and polemics. At the same time, he patronized a number of Shi'a scholars such as al-Mufid
Al-Mufid
Abu 'Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn al-Nu'man al-'Ukbari al-Baghdadi known as al-Shaykh al-Mufid and Ibn al-Mu'allim for his expertise in philosophical theology was an eminent Twelver Shi'a theologian.- Biography :...
, and he sponsored the renovation of a number of important Shi'a shrines.
In addition, 'Adud al-Daula is credited with sponsoring and patronizing other scientific projects during his time. An observatory was built by his orders in Isfahan
Isfahan (city)
Isfahan , historically also rendered in English as Ispahan, Sepahan or Hispahan, is the capital of Isfahan Province in Iran, located about 340 km south of Tehran. It has a population of 1,583,609, Iran's third largest city after Tehran and Mashhad...
where Azophi worked. al-Muqaddasi
Al-Muqaddasi
Muhammad ibn Ahmad Shams al-Din Al-Muqaddasi , also transliterated as Al-Maqdisi and el-Mukaddasi, was a medieval Arab geographer, author of Ahsan at-Taqasim fi Ma`rifat il-Aqalim .-Biography:Al-Muqaddasi, "the Hierosolomite" was born in Jerusalem in 946 AD...
also reports of a great dam
Dam
A dam is a barrier that impounds water or underground streams. Dams generally serve the primary purpose of retaining water, while other structures such as floodgates or levees are used to manage or prevent water flow into specific land regions. Hydropower and pumped-storage hydroelectricity are...
built under his orders between Shiraz, Iran
Shiraz, Iran
Shiraz is the sixth most populous city in Iran and is the capital of Fars Province, the city's 2009 population was 1,455,073. Shiraz is located in the southwest of Iran on the Roodkhaneye Khoshk seasonal river...
and Istakhr
Istakhr
Estakhr was an ancient city located in southern Iran, in Fars province, five kilometers north of Persepolis. It was a prosperous city during the time of Achaemenid Persia.-History:...
in 960 CE. The dam irrigated some 300 villages in Fars province and became known as Band-i Amir. Among his other major constructions was the digging of the Haffar
Haffar
During the early Islamic centuries, the Daylamite Buwayhid king, Panah Khusraw Adud ad-Dawlah, ordered the digging of a canal to join the Karun River, which at the time emptied independently into the Persian Gulf through the Bahmanshir channel, to the Arvand Rud/Shatt al-Arab waterway, the joint...
channel, that joined the Karun
Karun
The Kārun is Iran's most effluent, and the only navigable, river. It is 450 miles long. It rises in the Zard Kuh mountains of the Bakhtiari district in the Zagros Range, receiving many tributaries, such as the Dez and the Kuhrang, before passing through the capital of the Khuzestan Province of...
River to the Arvand Rud / Shatt al-Arab river (the confluence of Tigris
Tigris
The Tigris River is the eastern member of the two great rivers that define Mesopotamia, the other being the Euphrates. The river flows south from the mountains of southeastern Turkey through Iraq.-Geography:...
and Euphrates
Euphrates
The Euphrates is the longest and one of the most historically important rivers of Western Asia. Together with the Tigris, it is one of the two defining rivers of Mesopotamia...
). The port of Khorramshahr
Khorramshahr
Khorramshahr is a city in and the capital of Khorramshahr County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 123,866, in 26,385 families.Khorramshahr is a port city located approximately north of Abadan...
is built on the Haffar, at its joining point with the Arvand Rud/Shatt al-Arab.
Administration
Adud al-Dawla kept his court in Shiraz.He visited Baghdad frequentlyand kept some of his ministers there.He had a Christian minister Nasr Ibn Harun. Under him the kingdom a spell of prosperity.His policies were liberal there were no Riots during his reign.He embellished Baghdad with numerous public buildings he built the famous public hospital Bimaristan Al-Adudi.It was the largest hospital of that timeHe also founded the Bimaristan-i Adhudi (Al-Adudi Hospital
Al-Adudi Hospital
The Al-'Adudi Hospital was a bimaristan in Baghdad named after Emir 'Adud al-Daula. The hospital was built in AD 981, but destroyed in 1258 by the Mongol invasion.-References:*...
) which is where the great hakim
Polymath
A polymath is a person whose expertise spans a significant number of different subject areas. In less formal terms, a polymath may simply be someone who is very knowledgeable...
Rhazes spent his last days practicing in. (E. Browne, p. 46)
Death
Adud al Dawla died in 983 and wisburied in NajafNajaf
Najaf is a city in Iraq about 160 km south of Baghdad. Its estimated population in 2008 is 560,000 people. It is the capital of Najaf Governorate...
.He held power for four years .His reign was a peaceful one.His death was a great blow to the Buwayhids.