Abu Sa'id (Ilkhanid dynasty)
Encyclopedia
Abu Sa'id also Abusaid Bahador Khan, Abu Sayed Behauder (᠂ Busayid Baghatur Khan), was the ninth ruler of the Ilkhanate
state in Iran
(1316–1335).
In 1306 and 1322, after defeating the Golden Horde
army and Kerait
Rinchin's rebellion, the Mongols gave him, then infant heir apparent of Öljeitü, the title of Baghatur (in modern Mongolian Баатар) meaning "hero".
During his early rule, the distinguished Judeo-Muslim scholar and Vizier Rashid-al-Din Hamadani was beheaded; emir Chupan
became de facto the ruler of the country. In 1325 Chupan defeated another force led by Muhammad Üzbeg
Khan of the Golden Horde and even invaded their territories again.
Abu Said fell in love with Bagdad Katun
, a daughter of Chupan. The emir's efforts to keep Abu Sa'id from marrying his daughter, who was already married to Hasan Buzurg
, another powerful kingmaker of the era, did not help the situation. In August 1327 Abu Sa'id had a son of Chupan, Demasq Kaja
, killed, ostensibly for his activities with a former concubine of Öljeitü's. Later Chupan himself was killed by the Kartids
, lords of Herat
. In the meantime the Mamluks beheaded Timurtash, son of Chupan, who as a governor had revolted against the Ilkhanate in earlier times, being shown an unusual mercy.
Abu Sa'id died without an heir or an appointed successor, leaving the Ilkhanate eaten from inside by the power of the major families, as the Chupanids, the Jalayirids, or by new movements as the Sarbadars
. The state lost cohesion after his death, becoming a plethora of little kingdoms run by Mongols
, Turks
, and Persians. The great voyager Ibn Battuta
was amazed at discovering, on his return to Persia, that what had seemed to be such a mighty realm only twenty years before had dissolved so quickly.
Ilkhanate
The Ilkhanate, also spelled Il-khanate , was a Mongol khanate established in Azerbaijan and Persia in the 13th century, considered a part of the Mongol Empire...
state in Iran
Iran
Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia...
(1316–1335).
In 1306 and 1322, after defeating the Golden Horde
Golden Horde
The Golden Horde was a Mongol and later Turkicized khanate that formed the north-western sector of the Mongol Empire...
army and Kerait
Kerait
The Kereit tribe was one of the five major tribal confederations in Mongolian plateau in the 12th century, and dominant in the area and, as allies of Genghis Khan, influential in the rise of the Mongol Empire...
Rinchin's rebellion, the Mongols gave him, then infant heir apparent of Öljeitü, the title of Baghatur (in modern Mongolian Баатар) meaning "hero".
During his early rule, the distinguished Judeo-Muslim scholar and Vizier Rashid-al-Din Hamadani was beheaded; emir Chupan
Chupan
Amir Chupan, also known as Choban or Coban , , was a Chupanid noble of the Ilkhanate, and nominal general of the Mongol Empire. His father was named Malek of Mongol Suldus clan...
became de facto the ruler of the country. In 1325 Chupan defeated another force led by Muhammad Üzbeg
Uzbeg Khan
Sultan Mohammed Öz-Beg, better known as Uzbeg or Ozbeg , was the longest-reigning khan of the Golden Horde, under whose rule the state reached its zenith...
Khan of the Golden Horde and even invaded their territories again.
Abu Said fell in love with Bagdad Katun
Bagdad Katun
Bagdad Katun was a Chobanid princess that gained a position of prominence in the closing years of the Ilkhanate. She was a daughter of Coban....
, a daughter of Chupan. The emir's efforts to keep Abu Sa'id from marrying his daughter, who was already married to Hasan Buzurg
Hasan Buzurg
Shaikh Hasan, called "Buzurg" , was the first of several de facto independent Jalayirid rulers of Iraq and central Iran. He was the son of Husain and Öljetey.-Shaikh Hasan-i Buzurg:...
, another powerful kingmaker of the era, did not help the situation. In August 1327 Abu Sa'id had a son of Chupan, Demasq Kaja
Demasq Kaja
Demasq Kaja was a member of the Chobanid family during the middle of the fourteenth century. He was the son of Coban.During the 1320s, Coban accumulated a great deal of power as an amir of the Ilkhanate. While technically serving the Ilkhan Abu Sa'id, he was the effective power behind the throne....
, killed, ostensibly for his activities with a former concubine of Öljeitü's. Later Chupan himself was killed by the Kartids
Kartids
The Kartid Dynasty was a Persian dynasty that ruled over a large part of Khorassan during the 13th and 14th centuries...
, lords of Herat
Herat
Herāt is the capital of Herat province in Afghanistan. It is the third largest city of Afghanistan, with a population of about 397,456 as of 2006. It is situated in the valley of the Hari River, which flows from the mountains of central Afghanistan to the Karakum Desert in Turkmenistan...
. In the meantime the Mamluks beheaded Timurtash, son of Chupan, who as a governor had revolted against the Ilkhanate in earlier times, being shown an unusual mercy.
Abu Sa'id died without an heir or an appointed successor, leaving the Ilkhanate eaten from inside by the power of the major families, as the Chupanids, the Jalayirids, or by new movements as the Sarbadars
Sarbadars
The Sarbadars were a mixture of religious dervishes and secular rulers that came to rule over part of western Khurasan in the midst of the disintegration of the Mongol Ilkhanate in the mid-14th century...
. The state lost cohesion after his death, becoming a plethora of little kingdoms run by Mongols
Mongols
Mongols ) are a Central-East Asian ethnic group that lives mainly in the countries of Mongolia, China, and Russia. In China, ethnic Mongols can be found mainly in the central north region of China such as Inner Mongolia...
, Turks
Turkic peoples
The Turkic peoples are peoples residing in northern, central and western Asia, southern Siberia and northwestern China and parts of eastern Europe. They speak languages belonging to the Turkic language family. They share, to varying degrees, certain cultural traits and historical backgrounds...
, and Persians. The great voyager Ibn Battuta
Ibn Battuta
Abu Abdullah Muhammad Ibn Battuta , or simply Ibn Battuta, also known as Shams ad–Din , was a Muslim Moroccan Berber explorer, known for his extensive travels published in the Rihla...
was amazed at discovering, on his return to Persia, that what had seemed to be such a mighty realm only twenty years before had dissolved so quickly.