Al-Mu'addal
Encyclopedia
Al-Mu'addal was the Saffarid ruler of Zarang for a part of 911
.
In 890
al-Mu'addal and his brother al-Laith
helped their father 'Ali escape from imprisonment at the hands of the latter's uncle, the Saffarid amir Amr bin Laith
. The three of them fled to Khurasan
, where they entered the services of Rafi' b. Harthama. After 'Ali died in 893
, the brothers continued to serve Rafi'. In 896
they were captured by 'Amr, who however treated them well.
Near the end of 908
al-Laith made a bid for power against 'Amr's son and successor Tahir
by occupying part of Zarang. Al-Mu'addal, who had been taken hostage by Tahir, was released in early 909
after Tahir was unable to dislodge al-Laith in an attempt to induce the latter to give up his struggle. Al-Laith maintained his position, however, and Tahir was eventually forced to withdraw.
Al-Laith was now amir, but many were opposed to him. In the east, supporters of Tahir were causing unrest in Zabulistan
, while in the west, the Turkish general Sebük-eri had transferred his allegiance from the Saffarids to the caliph
, resulting in the loss of Fars and Kerman
. Al-Mu'addal was sent to restore order to the Zabulistan; while doing so he managed to capture a brother of Sebük-eri's named Ghalib. He then moved on to Ghazna and killed a local leader there, but soon encountered stiff resistance and al-Laith was required to send him reinforcements. Despite this, he returned to Sistan
near the end of 909 having established the authority of al-Laith in the eastern provinces.
In 910
al-Mu'addal participated in al-Laith's campaign against Sebük-eri; once they entered Fars he was charged with capturing the road to Khuzestan. Sebük-eri soon after managed to defeat and capture al-Laith, however, and al-Mu'addal was forced to flee to Kerman, where he took control of the local treasury before moving on to Sistan. In Zarang, meanwhile, news of al-Laith's fall caused the people to recognize another brother, Muhammad
, as amir. In an effort to cement his power, Muhammad imprisoned al-Mu'addal.
Muhammad was subsequently forced to conduct a campaign against the Samanids to the north. After suffering a setback and being forced to end the campaign, his advisors convinced him that he needed al-Mu'addal's support, so he set him free. Al-Mu'addal, however, seized Zarang, forcing Muhammad to go to Bust instead.
Soon afterwards the Samanid Ahmad ibn Isma'il sent an army to take Zarang from the Saffarids. The Samanids arrived before the city in March of 911
and initiated a siege. During the siege al-Mu'addal was informed of Ahmad's taking of Bust and his capture of Muhammad. This prompted him to negotiate with the Samanids, and at the end of July 911 he surrendered. Al-Mu'addal's fate was better than that of his predecessors', who had been imprisoned in Baghdad; he was sent by Ahmad to Bukhara
and given a monthl stipend. His surrender allowed the Samanids to take control of Sistan.
911
Year 911 was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.-Africa:* Rebellion of the Kutama Berbers against the Fatimid Caliphate...
.
In 890
890
Year 890 was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar.- Europe :* The sovereignty of Great Moravian king Svatopluk I in Bohemia is confirmed.* Lusatia becomes a part of Great Moravia....
al-Mu'addal and his brother al-Laith
Laith
Al-Laith was amir of the Saffarid amirate from 909 until 910. He was the son of 'Ali ibn al-Laith.In 890 al-Laith and his brother al-Mu'addal helped their father 'Ali escape from imprisonment at the hands of the latter's uncle, the Saffarid amir Amr bin Laith...
helped their father 'Ali escape from imprisonment at the hands of the latter's uncle, the Saffarid amir Amr bin Laith
Amr bin Laith
Amr-i Laith Saffari was the second ruler of the Saffarid dynasty of Iran who ruled .In the beginning he was a mule-hirer. He was Yaqub bin Laith as-Saffar's younger brother who fought alongside his older brother and in 875 became Governor of Herat....
. The three of them fled to Khurasan
Greater Khorasan
Greater Khorasan or Ancient Khorasan is a historical region of Greater Iran mentioned in sources from Sassanid and Islamic eras which "frequently" had a denotation wider than current three provinces of Khorasan in Iran...
, where they entered the services of Rafi' b. Harthama. After 'Ali died in 893
893
Year 893 was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.- Europe :* Council of Preslav: Simeon I succeeds Vladimir as prince of Bulgaria; the capital is moved from Pliska to Preslav....
, the brothers continued to serve Rafi'. In 896
896
Year 896 was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar.- Europe :* Decisive Bulgarian victory over Magyars in the Battle of Southern Buh....
they were captured by 'Amr, who however treated them well.
Near the end of 908
908
Year 908 was a leap year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.- Asia :* The Battle of Belach Mugna is fought.* Zhu Wen kills the last Tang Dynasty emperor.- Deaths :* Al-Muktafi, Abbasid caliph...
al-Laith made a bid for power against 'Amr's son and successor Tahir
Tahir I
Abu'l-Hasan Tahir was amir of the Saffarid amirate from 901 until 909. He was the son of Muhammad b. Amr.In 900 the ruling Saffarid amir, Amr bin Laith, was captured by the Samanids while campaigning against them in Khurasan...
by occupying part of Zarang. Al-Mu'addal, who had been taken hostage by Tahir, was released in early 909
909
Year 909 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.- Africa :* The Aghlabid dynasty in North Africa is overthrown by the Fatimids....
after Tahir was unable to dislodge al-Laith in an attempt to induce the latter to give up his struggle. Al-Laith maintained his position, however, and Tahir was eventually forced to withdraw.
Al-Laith was now amir, but many were opposed to him. In the east, supporters of Tahir were causing unrest in Zabulistan
Zabulistan
Zabulistan , also spelled Zabolestan, is a historical region in the border area of today's Iran and Afghanistan.-History of Zabulistan:...
, while in the west, the Turkish general Sebük-eri had transferred his allegiance from the Saffarids to the caliph
Caliph
The Caliph is the head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the ruler of the Islamic Ummah, an Islamic community ruled by the Shari'ah. It is a transcribed version of the Arabic word which means "successor" or "representative"...
, resulting in the loss of Fars and Kerman
Kerman
- Geological characteristics :For the Iranian paleontologists, Kerman has always been considered a fossil paradise. Finding new dinosaur footprints in 2005 has now revealed new hopes for paleontologists to better understand the history of this area.- Economy :...
. Al-Mu'addal was sent to restore order to the Zabulistan; while doing so he managed to capture a brother of Sebük-eri's named Ghalib. He then moved on to Ghazna and killed a local leader there, but soon encountered stiff resistance and al-Laith was required to send him reinforcements. Despite this, he returned to Sistan
Sistan
Sīstān is a border region in eastern Iran , southwestern Afghanistan and northern tip of Southwestern Pakistan .-Etymology:...
near the end of 909 having established the authority of al-Laith in the eastern provinces.
In 910
910
Year 910 was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.- Europe :* August 5 – The allied forces of Mercia and Wessex defeat an army of Northumbrian Vikings in the Battle of Tettenhall...
al-Mu'addal participated in al-Laith's campaign against Sebük-eri; once they entered Fars he was charged with capturing the road to Khuzestan. Sebük-eri soon after managed to defeat and capture al-Laith, however, and al-Mu'addal was forced to flee to Kerman, where he took control of the local treasury before moving on to Sistan. In Zarang, meanwhile, news of al-Laith's fall caused the people to recognize another brother, Muhammad
Mohammed I of Persia
Muhammad ibn 'Ali was amir of the Saffarid amirate from 910 until 911.Early in 910 Muhammad’s brother, the Saffarid amir Al-Laith b. 'Ali, led an army west towards Fars in an effort to wrest it from its ruler, the slave commander Sebük-eri...
, as amir. In an effort to cement his power, Muhammad imprisoned al-Mu'addal.
Muhammad was subsequently forced to conduct a campaign against the Samanids to the north. After suffering a setback and being forced to end the campaign, his advisors convinced him that he needed al-Mu'addal's support, so he set him free. Al-Mu'addal, however, seized Zarang, forcing Muhammad to go to Bust instead.
Soon afterwards the Samanid Ahmad ibn Isma'il sent an army to take Zarang from the Saffarids. The Samanids arrived before the city in March of 911
911
Year 911 was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.-Africa:* Rebellion of the Kutama Berbers against the Fatimid Caliphate...
and initiated a siege. During the siege al-Mu'addal was informed of Ahmad's taking of Bust and his capture of Muhammad. This prompted him to negotiate with the Samanids, and at the end of July 911 he surrendered. Al-Mu'addal's fate was better than that of his predecessors', who had been imprisoned in Baghdad; he was sent by Ahmad to Bukhara
Bukhara
Bukhara , from the Soghdian βuxārak , is the capital of the Bukhara Province of Uzbekistan. The nation's fifth-largest city, it has a population of 263,400 . The region around Bukhara has been inhabited for at least five millennia, and the city has existed for half that time...
and given a monthl stipend. His surrender allowed the Samanids to take control of Sistan.