Alfredo de Sá Cardoso
Encyclopedia
Alfredo Ernesto de Sá Cardoso (Lisbon
, June 6, 1864 — Lisbon April 24, 1950), commonly known as Alfredo de Sá Cardoso (aɫˈfɾedu eɾˈnɛʃtu dɨ ˈsa kɐɾˈdozu), or just Sá Cardoso, was a Portuguese
republican
politician of the Portuguese First Republic
, who served twice as Prime Minister of Portugal.
(Military College) and, then in the Escola do Exército (Army School), where he studies in the branch of artillery. He became an officer of the army and progressed in his career (second lieutenant, 1886; first lieutenant, 1888; captain, 1900; major, 1911; lieutenant-colonel, 1915; colonel, 1917) that would take him to the post of general.
He was mobilized in the Luanda
military campaign, occupying the post of secretary of the district government (from 1888), and governor of the fortress of São Paulo de Luanda, and in the years 1917-1918, he was integrated in the Corpo Expedicionário Português (Portuguese Expeditionary Corp). He also served as a vogal of the Council for Ballistic Works.
He was a member of the Portuguese Republican Party
, a member of the respective Consultative Junta (1913) and chief of the party (in 1919). He became linked with the Reconstituent Party, which he founded with Álvaro de Castro
, and with the Republican Action, of which he was president.
Since 1893 he was a free mason, being initiated in the Portugal Shop with the symbolic name of Alaíde, ascending to the 33rd degree, and being part of its Supreme Council since 1934.
He was an active participant in the republican campaign, since the days of the Portuguese Constitutional Monarchy
, taking part in the events of January 31, 1890 and January 28, 1908.
He integrated the Military Committee for the proclamation of the Portuguese Republic and was active in the October 5, 1910 revolution. With the republican triumph, he was a cabinet chief of Correia Barreto (1910-1911) and, then, Civil Governor of the Autonomous District of Funchal (1913-1914). Being a member of the so-called group Jovem Turquia (Young Turkey), he co-organized the May 14, 1915 revolutionary movement.
He took part in the resistance against the revolt of Sidónio Pais
of December 5, 1917, being imprisoned between 1918 and 1919. In this last years, faithful to his republican beliefs he participated in the offensive against the Monarchy of the North. He served as deputy, for Viana do Castelo, in 1913, 1915, 1919 and 1922, presiding the Chamber of Deputies in the last.
He became President of the Ministry (Prime Minister) on June 29, 1919 and served for almost a year until January 15, 1920. On the same day Francisco José Fernandes Costa
was taking office, but due to the political instability of the First Republic, he was forced to resign during the same day (his government was called the "Five Minutes Government"). Sá Cardoso was invited again to form government and he was Prime Minister again from January 16 to 21, 1920, accumulating the Interior (same period) and Foreign Affairs (from June 29 to July 12, 1919). He would participate in another government (of Álvaro de Castro
) occupying the post of Minister of Interior between December 18, 1923 and July 6, 1924.
With the May 28, 1926 revolution that installed the Ditadura Nacional
(National Dictatorship), a military dictatorial administration that would be followed by António de Oliveira Salazar
's quasi-fascist
Estado Novo (New State), Alfredo de Sá Cardoso was again arrested in 1926, and forced to live in a regime of fixed residence, first in Cape Verde
and then in the Azores
, between 1927 and 1933.
He returned to mainland Portugal in 1934 to found the Republican Alliance. Until the end of his life he refused any political post. He died in Lisbon on April 24, 1950.
Lisbon
Lisbon is the capital city and largest city of Portugal with a population of 545,245 within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Lisbon extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of 3 million on an area of , making it the 9th most populous urban...
, June 6, 1864 — Lisbon April 24, 1950), commonly known as Alfredo de Sá Cardoso (aɫˈfɾedu eɾˈnɛʃtu dɨ ˈsa kɐɾˈdozu), or just Sá Cardoso, was a Portuguese
Portuguese people
The Portuguese are a nation and ethnic group native to the country of Portugal, in the west of the Iberian peninsula of south-west Europe. Their language is Portuguese, and Roman Catholicism is the predominant religion....
republican
Republicanism
Republicanism is the ideology of governing a nation as a republic, where the head of state is appointed by means other than heredity, often elections. The exact meaning of republicanism varies depending on the cultural and historical context...
politician of the Portuguese First Republic
Portuguese First Republic
The Portuguese First Republic spans a complex 16 year period in the history of Portugal, between the end of the period of constitutional monarchy marked by the 5 October 1910 revolution and the 28 May coup d'état of 1926...
, who served twice as Prime Minister of Portugal.
Biography
Sá Cardoso was the son of Adelaide Leopoldina de Sá Cardoso. He would eventually marry Gabriel Moreira and had issue. After his first studies, he entered the Colégio MilitarColégio Militar
Colégio Militar is a military school in Lisbon, Portugal. It was founded by General António Teixeira Rebelo in 1803. Its initial location was S. Julião da Barra Fort, in Oeiras...
(Military College) and, then in the Escola do Exército (Army School), where he studies in the branch of artillery. He became an officer of the army and progressed in his career (second lieutenant, 1886; first lieutenant, 1888; captain, 1900; major, 1911; lieutenant-colonel, 1915; colonel, 1917) that would take him to the post of general.
He was mobilized in the Luanda
Luanda
Luanda, formerly named São Paulo da Assunção de Loanda, is the capital and largest city of Angola. Located on Angola's coast with the Atlantic Ocean, Luanda is both Angola's chief seaport and its administrative center. It has a population of at least 5 million...
military campaign, occupying the post of secretary of the district government (from 1888), and governor of the fortress of São Paulo de Luanda, and in the years 1917-1918, he was integrated in the Corpo Expedicionário Português (Portuguese Expeditionary Corp). He also served as a vogal of the Council for Ballistic Works.
He was a member of the Portuguese Republican Party
Portuguese Republican Party
The Portuguese Republican Party was a Portuguese political party formed during the late years of monarchy that proposed and conducted the substitution of the Constitutional Monarchy by the Portuguese First Republic....
, a member of the respective Consultative Junta (1913) and chief of the party (in 1919). He became linked with the Reconstituent Party, which he founded with Álvaro de Castro
Álvaro de Castro
Álvaro Xavier de Castro was Prime Minister of Portugal from November 20 to November 30, 1920 and from December 18, 1923 to July 6, 1924.-Early career:...
, and with the Republican Action, of which he was president.
Since 1893 he was a free mason, being initiated in the Portugal Shop with the symbolic name of Alaíde, ascending to the 33rd degree, and being part of its Supreme Council since 1934.
He was an active participant in the republican campaign, since the days of the Portuguese Constitutional Monarchy
History of Portugal (1834-1910)
The history of Portugal from the end of the Liberal Civil War in 1834 to the republican revolution of 1910 was marked by several events that made way for the proclamation of the Portuguese Republic in the 5 October 1910 revolution....
, taking part in the events of January 31, 1890 and January 28, 1908.
He integrated the Military Committee for the proclamation of the Portuguese Republic and was active in the October 5, 1910 revolution. With the republican triumph, he was a cabinet chief of Correia Barreto (1910-1911) and, then, Civil Governor of the Autonomous District of Funchal (1913-1914). Being a member of the so-called group Jovem Turquia (Young Turkey), he co-organized the May 14, 1915 revolutionary movement.
He took part in the resistance against the revolt of Sidónio Pais
Sidónio Pais
Sidónio Bernardino Cardoso da Silva Pais was a Portuguese politician and diplomat, the fourth President in 1918. He was known as the President-King.-Family:...
of December 5, 1917, being imprisoned between 1918 and 1919. In this last years, faithful to his republican beliefs he participated in the offensive against the Monarchy of the North. He served as deputy, for Viana do Castelo, in 1913, 1915, 1919 and 1922, presiding the Chamber of Deputies in the last.
He became President of the Ministry (Prime Minister) on June 29, 1919 and served for almost a year until January 15, 1920. On the same day Francisco José Fernandes Costa
Francisco José Fernandes Costa
Francisco José Fernandes Costa was a Portuguese lawyer and politician. He was a member of the Portuguese Republican Party and later of the Evolutionist Party, the Liberal Party and the Nationalist Party. He was civil governor of Coimbra, minister of the Navy and Commerce...
was taking office, but due to the political instability of the First Republic, he was forced to resign during the same day (his government was called the "Five Minutes Government"). Sá Cardoso was invited again to form government and he was Prime Minister again from January 16 to 21, 1920, accumulating the Interior (same period) and Foreign Affairs (from June 29 to July 12, 1919). He would participate in another government (of Álvaro de Castro
Álvaro de Castro
Álvaro Xavier de Castro was Prime Minister of Portugal from November 20 to November 30, 1920 and from December 18, 1923 to July 6, 1924.-Early career:...
) occupying the post of Minister of Interior between December 18, 1923 and July 6, 1924.
With the May 28, 1926 revolution that installed the Ditadura Nacional
Ditadura Nacional
The Ditadura Nacional was the name of the Portuguese regime initiated by the election of President Óscar Carmona in 1928 that lasted until the adoption of the new constitution in 1933, when the régime changed its name to Estado Novo...
(National Dictatorship), a military dictatorial administration that would be followed by António de Oliveira Salazar
António de Oliveira Salazar
António de Oliveira Salazar, GColIH, GCTE, GCSE served as the Prime Minister of Portugal from 1932 to 1968. He also served as acting President of the Republic briefly in 1951. He founded and led the Estado Novo , the authoritarian, right-wing government that presided over and controlled Portugal...
's quasi-fascist
Fascism
Fascism is a radical authoritarian nationalist political ideology. Fascists seek to rejuvenate their nation based on commitment to the national community as an organic entity, in which individuals are bound together in national identity by suprapersonal connections of ancestry, culture, and blood...
Estado Novo (New State), Alfredo de Sá Cardoso was again arrested in 1926, and forced to live in a regime of fixed residence, first in Cape Verde
Cape Verde
The Republic of Cape Verde is an island country, spanning an archipelago of 10 islands located in the central Atlantic Ocean, 570 kilometres off the coast of Western Africa...
and then in the Azores
Azores
The Archipelago of the Azores is composed of nine volcanic islands situated in the middle of the North Atlantic Ocean, and is located about west from Lisbon and about east from the east coast of North America. The islands, and their economic exclusion zone, form the Autonomous Region of the...
, between 1927 and 1933.
He returned to mainland Portugal in 1934 to found the Republican Alliance. Until the end of his life he refused any political post. He died in Lisbon on April 24, 1950.