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Anders Sandøe Ørsted (botanist)
Encyclopedia
Anders Sandøe Ørsted, also written as Anders Sandoe Oersted or Anders Sandö Örsted (21 June 1816 – 3 September 1872) was a Danish
botanist, mycologist, zoologist and marine biologist. He was nephew of the brothers physicist H.C. Ørsted and politician Anders Sandøe Ørsted
.
In his early career, he published on Danish
and arctic
nematode
s and on the zonation of marine algae in the Sound
.
Between 1845 and 1848, he travelled extensively in Central America
and the Caribbean
and published numerous papers on the flora
, concentrating on the plant families Acanthaceae
and Fagaceae
. One of his better known publications is L'Amérique Centrale.
He was appointed professor of botany
at the University of Copenhagen
in 1851, a post he held until 1862. He was succeeded by Ferdinand Didrichsen
.
His studies of what has since been known as juniper-pear rust showed that this fungus
annually switches between two hosts, Juniperus sabina
is the primary (telial
) host and pear Pyrus communis is the secondary (aecial) host. He thus was the first to discover that some plant-parasitic
fungi are heteroecious
. These studies were continued on other Gymnosporangium
species
The orchid genus
Oerstedella Reichenbach
f. is named for him.
He is the author of several hundred plant names still in use.
Denmark
Denmark is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. The countries of Denmark and Greenland, as well as the Faroe Islands, constitute the Kingdom of Denmark . It is the southernmost of the Nordic countries, southwest of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. Denmark...
botanist, mycologist, zoologist and marine biologist. He was nephew of the brothers physicist H.C. Ørsted and politician Anders Sandøe Ørsted
Anders Sandøe Ørsted
Anders Sandøe Ørsted was a Danish politician and jurist. He served as the Prime Minister of Denmark in 1853-1854 as leader of the Cabinet of Ørsted....
.
In his early career, he published on Danish
Denmark
Denmark is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. The countries of Denmark and Greenland, as well as the Faroe Islands, constitute the Kingdom of Denmark . It is the southernmost of the Nordic countries, southwest of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. Denmark...
and arctic
Arctic
The Arctic is a region located at the northern-most part of the Earth. The Arctic consists of the Arctic Ocean and parts of Canada, Russia, Greenland, the United States, Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Iceland. The Arctic region consists of a vast, ice-covered ocean, surrounded by treeless permafrost...
nematode
Nematode
The nematodes or roundworms are the most diverse phylum of pseudocoelomates, and one of the most diverse of all animals. Nematode species are very difficult to distinguish; over 28,000 have been described, of which over 16,000 are parasitic. It has been estimated that the total number of nematode...
s and on the zonation of marine algae in the Sound
Oresund
The Sound , is the strait that separates the Danish island Zealand from the southern Swedish province of Scania. Its width is just at the narrowest point between Helsingør, Denmark, and Helsingborg, Sweden...
.
Between 1845 and 1848, he travelled extensively in Central America
Central America
Central America is the central geographic region of the Americas. It is the southernmost, isthmian portion of the North American continent, which connects with South America on the southeast. When considered part of the unified continental model, it is considered a subcontinent...
and the Caribbean
Caribbean
The Caribbean is a crescent-shaped group of islands more than 2,000 miles long separating the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea, to the west and south, from the Atlantic Ocean, to the east and north...
and published numerous papers on the flora
Flora
Flora is the plant life occurring in a particular region or time, generally the naturally occurring or indigenous—native plant life. The corresponding term for animals is fauna.-Etymology:...
, concentrating on the plant families Acanthaceae
Acanthaceae
The family Acanthaceae is a taxon of dicotyledonous flowering plants containing almost 250 genera and about 2500 species....
and Fagaceae
Fagaceae
The family Fagaceae, or beech family, comprises about 900 species of both evergreen and deciduous trees and shrubs, which are characterized by alternate simple leaves with pinnate venation, unisexual flowers in the form of catkins, and fruit in the form of cup-like nuts. Fagaceous leaves are often...
. One of his better known publications is L'Amérique Centrale.
He was appointed professor of botany
Botany
Botany, plant science, or plant biology is a branch of biology that involves the scientific study of plant life. Traditionally, botany also included the study of fungi, algae and viruses...
at the University of Copenhagen
University of Copenhagen
The University of Copenhagen is the oldest and largest university and research institution in Denmark. Founded in 1479, it has more than 37,000 students, the majority of whom are female , and more than 7,000 employees. The university has several campuses located in and around Copenhagen, with the...
in 1851, a post he held until 1862. He was succeeded by Ferdinand Didrichsen
Ferdinand Didrichsen
Didrik Ferdinand Didrichsen was a Danish botanist and physicist. He participated as botanist in the first Galathea Expedition 1845–1847. In 1875, he succeeded A.S. Ørsted as professor of botany at the University of Copenhagen and director of the Botanic Garden, whereby the already then much better...
.
His studies of what has since been known as juniper-pear rust showed that this fungus
Fungus
A fungus is a member of a large group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds , as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, Fungi, which is separate from plants, animals, and bacteria...
annually switches between two hosts, Juniperus sabina
Juniperus sabina
Juniperus sabina is a species of juniper native to the mountains of central and southern Europe and western and central Asia, from Spain east to eastern Siberia, typically growing at altitudes of 1,000-3,300 m....
is the primary (telial
Teliospore
Teliospore is the thick-walled resting spore of some fungi , from which the basidium arises.-Development:They develop in telia ....
) host and pear Pyrus communis is the secondary (aecial) host. He thus was the first to discover that some plant-parasitic
Phytopathology
Plant pathology is the scientific study of plant diseases caused by pathogens and environmental conditions . Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, viroids, virus-like organisms, phytoplasmas, protozoa, nematodes and parasitic plants...
fungi are heteroecious
Heteroecious
A heteroecious parasite is one that requires at least two hosts. The primary host is the host in which the parasite spends its adult life; the other is the secondary host. Both the primary host and an unrelated alternate host are required for the parasite to complete its life cycle...
. These studies were continued on other Gymnosporangium
Gymnosporangium
Gymnosporangium is a genus of heteroecious plant-pathogenic fungi which alternately infect members of the family Cupressaceae, primarily species in the genus Juniperus , and members of the family Rosaceae in the subfamily Maloideae...
species
The orchid genus
Genus
In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia...
Oerstedella Reichenbach
Reichenbach
- In Germany :* Reichenbach , in the Niederschlesischer Oberlausitzkreis district, Saxony* Reichenbach im Vogtland, in the Vogtlandkreis district, Saxony* Reichenbach am Heuberg, in the Tuttlingen district, Baden-Württemberg...
f. is named for him.
He is the author of several hundred plant names still in use.