André Chantemesse
Encyclopedia
André Chantemesse was a French bacteriologist born in Le Puy-en-Velay
, Haute-Loire
.
From 1880 to 1885 he served as interne des hôpitaux in Paris
, earning his doctorate in 1884 with a dissertation on adult tuberculous meningitis
titled Étude sur la méningite tuberculeuse de l'adulte : les formes anormales en particulier. In 1885 he traveled to Berlin
to study bacteriology at the laboratory of Robert Koch
(1843–1910). After his return to Paris, he became associated with the work of Louis Pasteur
.
In 1886 he began extensive research of typhoid fever
. In collaboration with Georges-Fernand Widal
(1862–1929), he studied the aetiology of the disease, and in 1888 developed an experimental antityphoid inoculation
. Also with Widal, he isolated the bacillus
that was the cause of dysentery
, however the two scientists were unable to establish the aetiological link to the disease.
From 1897 to 1903 he was a professor of comparative and experimental pathology
in Paris, becoming a member of the Académie de Médecine in 1901. In 1904 he became a member of the editorial board of Annales de l'Institut Pasteur
.
His likeness, together with the rest of the Paris Faculty of Medicine, was included in a 1904 painting by Adrien Barrère
. The image was intended to be satirical and the assembled professors give the impression of family butchers.
Le Puy-en-Velay
Le Puy-en-Velay is a commune in the Haute-Loire department in south-central France.Its inhabitants are called Ponots.-History:Le Puy-en-Velay was a major bishopric in medieval France, founded early, though its early history is legendary...
, Haute-Loire
Haute-Loire
Haute-Loire is a department in south-central France named after the Loire River.-History:Haute-Loire is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790...
.
From 1880 to 1885 he served as interne des hôpitaux in Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
, earning his doctorate in 1884 with a dissertation on adult tuberculous meningitis
Tuberculous meningitis
Tuberculous meningitis is also known as TB meningitis or tubercular meningitis.Tuberculous meningitis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of the meninges—the system of membranes which envelops the central nervous system. It is the most common form of CNS tuberculosis.-Clinical features:Fever...
titled Étude sur la méningite tuberculeuse de l'adulte : les formes anormales en particulier. In 1885 he traveled to Berlin
Berlin
Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union...
to study bacteriology at the laboratory of Robert Koch
Robert Koch
Heinrich Hermann Robert Koch was a German physician. He became famous for isolating Bacillus anthracis , the Tuberculosis bacillus and the Vibrio cholerae and for his development of Koch's postulates....
(1843–1910). After his return to Paris, he became associated with the work of Louis Pasteur
Louis Pasteur
Louis Pasteur was a French chemist and microbiologist born in Dole. He is remembered for his remarkable breakthroughs in the causes and preventions of diseases. His discoveries reduced mortality from puerperal fever, and he created the first vaccine for rabies and anthrax. His experiments...
.
In 1886 he began extensive research of typhoid fever
Typhoid fever
Typhoid fever, also known as Typhoid, is a common worldwide bacterial disease, transmitted by the ingestion of food or water contaminated with the feces of an infected person, which contain the bacterium Salmonella enterica, serovar Typhi...
. In collaboration with Georges-Fernand Widal
Georges-Fernand Widal
Georges-Fernand-Isidor Widal; was a French physician.From 1886 to 1888 he devoted himself to public demonstrations of the researches of the faculty of pathological anatomy, and during the 2 years following was in charge of a course in bacteriology in the laboratory of Professor Victor André Cornil...
(1862–1929), he studied the aetiology of the disease, and in 1888 developed an experimental antityphoid inoculation
Inoculation
Inoculation is the placement of something that will grow or reproduce, and is most commonly used in respect of the introduction of a serum, vaccine, or antigenic substance into the body of a human or animal, especially to produce or boost immunity to a specific disease...
. Also with Widal, he isolated the bacillus
Bacillus
Bacillus is a genus of Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria and a member of the division Firmicutes. Bacillus species can be obligate aerobes or facultative anaerobes, and test positive for the enzyme catalase. Ubiquitous in nature, Bacillus includes both free-living and pathogenic species...
that was the cause of dysentery
Dysentery
Dysentery is an inflammatory disorder of the intestine, especially of the colon, that results in severe diarrhea containing mucus and/or blood in the faeces with fever and abdominal pain. If left untreated, dysentery can be fatal.There are differences between dysentery and normal bloody diarrhoea...
, however the two scientists were unable to establish the aetiological link to the disease.
From 1897 to 1903 he was a professor of comparative and experimental pathology
Pathology
Pathology is the precise study and diagnosis of disease. The word pathology is from Ancient Greek , pathos, "feeling, suffering"; and , -logia, "the study of". Pathologization, to pathologize, refers to the process of defining a condition or behavior as pathological, e.g. pathological gambling....
in Paris, becoming a member of the Académie de Médecine in 1901. In 1904 he became a member of the editorial board of Annales de l'Institut Pasteur
Pasteur Institute
The Pasteur Institute is a French non-profit private foundation dedicated to the study of biology, micro-organisms, diseases, and vaccines. It is named after Louis Pasteur, who made some of the greatest breakthroughs in modern medicine at the time, including pasteurization and vaccines for anthrax...
.
His likeness, together with the rest of the Paris Faculty of Medicine, was included in a 1904 painting by Adrien Barrère
Adrien Barrère
Adrien Barrère , was a French poster artist and painter, active in Paris during the Belle Époque....
. The image was intended to be satirical and the assembled professors give the impression of family butchers.
Selected works
- De l’immunité contre le virus de la fièvre typhoïde conférée par des substances solubles. (with Georges-Fernand Widal; Annales de l’Institut Pasteur, Paris, 1888, 2: 54-59. experimental antityphoid inoculation).
- Sur les microbes de la dysentérie épidémique. Bulletin de l’Académie de médecine, Paris, 1888, 19: 522-529.
- Bibliothèque de la Tuberculose. 1910, a collection of monographs devoted to tuberculosisTuberculosisTuberculosis, MTB, or TB is a common, and in many cases lethal, infectious disease caused by various strains of mycobacteria, usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis usually attacks the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body...
, with Antonin PoncetAntonin PoncetAntonin Poncet was a French surgeon.He studied medicine in Lyon, where he served as interne des hôpitaux. He was a member of the Lyon ambulance corps during the Franco-Prussian War, and in 1878 became a member of the surgical section of the Lyon faculty of medicine...
& Frédéric Justin ColletFrédéric Justin ColletFrédéric Justin Collet was a French pathologist and otolaryngologist.He studied medicine in Lyon, where he had as instructors Raphaël Lépine , and Antonin Poncet . In 1894 he obtained his doctorate, and in 1901 was appointed médecin des hôpitaux...
.
External links
- Portail Institut Pasteur (chrononological biography).