Andrés Hurtado de Mendoza, 3rd Marquis of Cañete
Encyclopedia
Andrés Hurtado de Mendoza y Cabrera, 3rd Marquis of Cañete (c. 1500 — March 30, 1561) was a Spanish military officer and, from June 29, 1556 to his death on March 30, 1561, the fifth Viceroy of Peru
.
, Señor de Mendívil. Hurtado was guarda mayor (governor) of Cuenca, Spain
, and royal chief huntsman of Castile
, succeeding his father in both those positions. He was also a military officer, serving with distinction in actions in Granada, France and Flanders. He accompanied the Emperor, Charles V
, to Germany and Flanders.
After being named viceroy of Peru in 1555, he arrived at Panama
, at that time part of the Viceroyalty of Peru. Here he delayed his journey to deal with a rebellion of fugitive black slaves. He put Pedro de Ursúa
in charge of the suppression of the rebels.
. The Audiencia had been ruling for nearly four years, with its president, Melchor Bravo de Saravia
, serving as interim viceroy. The judges of the Audiencia had disputes among themselves, and they were arrogant towards the new viceroy. Hurtado immediately petitioned the king for the removal of the most offensive. Elsewhere in the colony, the pardoned insurgents were restive, and loyal royalists were agitating for greater rewards. There were still some centers of Inca resistance. In the face of this turbulence, Hurtado adopted despotic measures, executing many of the former rebels and banishing many of the discontented government supporters.
Among his other security measures were the creation of a permanent guard in Lima, and the construction of additional galleys to guard the coast.
He founded the College of San Juan de la Penitencia in Lima for poor Mestizo
girls, and another college at Trujillo
. He also endowed the recently founded University of Lima
. He founded the Hospital of San Andrés, also at Lima, and had the mummies of the Incas Viracocha
, Yupanqui, and Huayna Capac
moved there. In 1558 he founded the city of Cuenca
, near the former Inca royal residence of Tomebampa (Ecuador). In Chile he founded the cities of Mendoza
and Osorno
(1559), and the Audiencia of Chuquisaca
.
Also in 1558, the viceroy sent out several exploring expeditions, intended also as punitive forces against bands of adventurers. He entrusted the pacification of the Amazon to his faithful supporter Pedro de Ursúa, and the conquest of the Chiriguanos and the plains of Condorillo to Andrés Manso.
He named his son García, 22 years old at the time, governor of Chile. In 1557 the Portuguese Enrique Garcés discovered the mineral mercury in Huencavélica, necessary for the extraction of silver.
Still in 1558 he reestablished the local jurisdiction of native chiefs. On January 5, 1560 he met with the last grandson of Huayna Capac, Sayri Tupac
Inca in Lima. Sayri Tupac renounced his claim to the Inca Empire and accepted baptism, as Diego. In return he received the title of Prince of Yucay, with a rich revenue.
Hurtado prohibited the sale of alcoholic beverages to the Indigenous.
Meanwhile, complaints about Hurtado's arbitrary and cruel governance, especially from those he had exiled, caused King Philip II
to remove him from office. (Other complaints against Hurtado were the lack of control of the economy, and the garroting of Captain Robles in his own bed.) In his place, the king appointed Diego López de Zúñiga, 4th Count of Nieva. López arrived at Paita
in January 1561. His communications with Hurtado before reaching Lima were disrespectful. Hurtado fell sick and died in Lima, before López arrived the capital. He was interred in the Cathedral of Cuenca, in Spain.
and of his third wife María de Luna y Bobadilla, with whom he had seventeen children.
By Magdalena Manrique:
Viceroyalty of Peru
Created in 1542, the Viceroyalty of Peru was a Spanish colonial administrative district that originally contained most of Spanish-ruled South America, governed from the capital of Lima...
.
Origins and military career
Andrés Hurtado de Mendoza was born at Cañete into a high-ranking Spanish noble family. He was a descendant of Juan Hurtado de MendozaJuan Hurtado de Mendoza, 3rd Lord of Cañete
Juan Hurtado de Mendoza y Guzmán, 3rd Lord and 1st Marquis of Cañete was a Spanish nobleman and military leader.He was the son of Don Diego Hurtado de Mendoza, 1st Lord of Cañete and of his second wife Teresa de Guzmán. He was elevated to Marquis of Cañete in 1490 by the Catholic Monarchs, who...
, Señor de Mendívil. Hurtado was guarda mayor (governor) of Cuenca, Spain
Cuenca, Spain
-History:When the Iberian peninsula was part of the Roman Empire there were several important settlements in the province, such as Segóbriga, Ercávica and Gran Valeria...
, and royal chief huntsman of Castile
Castile (historical region)
A former kingdom, Castile gradually merged with its neighbours to become the Crown of Castile and later the Kingdom of Spain when united with the Crown of Aragon and the Kingdom of Navarre...
, succeeding his father in both those positions. He was also a military officer, serving with distinction in actions in Granada, France and Flanders. He accompanied the Emperor, Charles V
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Charles V was ruler of the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and, as Charles I, of the Spanish Empire from 1516 until his voluntary retirement and abdication in favor of his younger brother Ferdinand I and his son Philip II in 1556.As...
, to Germany and Flanders.
After being named viceroy of Peru in 1555, he arrived at Panama
Panama
Panama , officially the Republic of Panama , is the southernmost country of Central America. Situated on the isthmus connecting North and South America, it is bordered by Costa Rica to the northwest, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the north and the Pacific Ocean to the south. The...
, at that time part of the Viceroyalty of Peru. Here he delayed his journey to deal with a rebellion of fugitive black slaves. He put Pedro de Ursúa
Pedro de Ursúa
Pedro de Ursúa was a Spanish Basque conquistador from Baztan in the 16th century. In Panama, Ursúa subdued a Cimarron revolt by tricking Cimarron leader Bayano into coming unprepared to negotiate a truce, but then captured him and sent him back to King Philip II of Spain...
in charge of the suppression of the rebels.
Viceroy of Peru
He arrived in Lima on June 29, 1556, finding a colony still recovering from the rebellions of Sebastian del Castillo, Godinez, and GirónFrancisco Hernández Girón
Francisco Hernández Girón, born in Cáceres, Extremadura, died in Lima on December 7, 1554, was a Spanish conquistador.Hernández Girón arrived in Peru in 1535 with, among others, the future governor Blasco Núñez Vela. In the ensuing struggle for power between the Pizarro brothers and the Almagristas...
. The Audiencia had been ruling for nearly four years, with its president, Melchor Bravo de Saravia
Melchor Bravo de Saravia
Melchor Bravo de Saravia y Sotomayor was a Spanish conquistador, interim viceroy of Peru, and Royal Governor of Chile.-Early career:...
, serving as interim viceroy. The judges of the Audiencia had disputes among themselves, and they were arrogant towards the new viceroy. Hurtado immediately petitioned the king for the removal of the most offensive. Elsewhere in the colony, the pardoned insurgents were restive, and loyal royalists were agitating for greater rewards. There were still some centers of Inca resistance. In the face of this turbulence, Hurtado adopted despotic measures, executing many of the former rebels and banishing many of the discontented government supporters.
Among his other security measures were the creation of a permanent guard in Lima, and the construction of additional galleys to guard the coast.
He founded the College of San Juan de la Penitencia in Lima for poor Mestizo
Mestizo
Mestizo is a term traditionally used in Latin America, Philippines and Spain for people of mixed European and Native American heritage or descent...
girls, and another college at Trujillo
Trujillo, Peru
Trujillo, in northwestern Peru, is the capital of the La Libertad Region, and the third largest city in Peru. The urban area has 811,979 inhabitants and is an economic hub in northern Peru...
. He also endowed the recently founded University of Lima
National University of San Marcos
The National University of San Marcos is the most important and respected higher-education institution in Peru. Its main campus, the University City, is located in Lima...
. He founded the Hospital of San Andrés, also at Lima, and had the mummies of the Incas Viracocha
Viracocha (Inca)
Viracocha was the eighth Sapa Inca of the Kingdom of Cusco and the third of the Hanan dynasty. His father was Yáhuar Huácac, and his son was Pachacuti. His original name was Hatun Tupaq or Ripaq; he was named after the god Viracocha after having visions of the god...
, Yupanqui, and Huayna Capac
Huayna Capac
Huayna Capac was the eleventh Sapa Inca of the Inca Empire and sixth of the Hanan dynasty. He was the successor to Tupac Inca Yupanqui.-Name:In Quechua, his name is spelled Wayna Qhapaq, and in Southern Quechua, it is Vaina Ghapakh...
moved there. In 1558 he founded the city of Cuenca
Cuenca, Ecuador
Cuenca is the capital of the Azuay Province. It is located in the highlands of Ecuador at about 2500 m above sea level...
, near the former Inca royal residence of Tomebampa (Ecuador). In Chile he founded the cities of Mendoza
Mendoza, Argentina
Mendoza is the capital city of Mendoza Province, in Argentina. It is located in the northern-central part of the province, in a region of foothills and high plains, on the eastern side of the Andes. As of the , Mendoza's population was 110,993...
and Osorno
Osorno, Chile
Osorno is a city and commune in southern Chile and capital of Osorno Province in the Los Lagos Region. It had a population of 145,475, as of the 2002 census...
(1559), and the Audiencia of Chuquisaca
Sucre
Sucre, also known historically as Charcas, La Plata and Chuquisaca is the constitutional capital of Bolivia and the capital of the department of Chuquisaca. Located in the south-central part of the country, Sucre lies at an elevation of 2750m...
.
Also in 1558, the viceroy sent out several exploring expeditions, intended also as punitive forces against bands of adventurers. He entrusted the pacification of the Amazon to his faithful supporter Pedro de Ursúa, and the conquest of the Chiriguanos and the plains of Condorillo to Andrés Manso.
He named his son García, 22 years old at the time, governor of Chile. In 1557 the Portuguese Enrique Garcés discovered the mineral mercury in Huencavélica, necessary for the extraction of silver.
Sayri Tupac
Sayri Túpac was an Inca ruler in Peru. He was a son of siblings Manco Inca Yupanqui and Cura Ocllo. After the murder of his mother in 1539 and his father in 1544, both by the Spaniard conquerors, he became the ruler of the independent Inca state of Vilcabamba...
Inca in Lima. Sayri Tupac renounced his claim to the Inca Empire and accepted baptism, as Diego. In return he received the title of Prince of Yucay, with a rich revenue.
Hurtado prohibited the sale of alcoholic beverages to the Indigenous.
Meanwhile, complaints about Hurtado's arbitrary and cruel governance, especially from those he had exiled, caused King Philip II
Philip II of Spain
Philip II was King of Spain, Portugal, Naples, Sicily, and, while married to Mary I, King of England and Ireland. He was lord of the Seventeen Provinces from 1556 until 1581, holding various titles for the individual territories such as duke or count....
to remove him from office. (Other complaints against Hurtado were the lack of control of the economy, and the garroting of Captain Robles in his own bed.) In his place, the king appointed Diego López de Zúñiga, 4th Count of Nieva. López arrived at Paita
Paita
Paita is a city in northwestern Peru. It is the capital of the Paita Province which is in the Piura Region. It is a leading seaport in that region...
in January 1561. His communications with Hurtado before reaching Lima were disrespectful. Hurtado fell sick and died in Lima, before López arrived the capital. He was interred in the Cathedral of Cuenca, in Spain.
Descendants
In 1532, the Marquis married Magdalena Manrique y Luna, daughter of García Fernandez Manrique, 3rd Count of OsornoGarcía Fernández Manrique, 3rd Count of Osorno
García Fernández Manrique y Toledo, 3rd Count of Osorno was a Spanish nobleman.He was the son of Don Pedro Fernández Manrique, 2nd Count de Osorno and of Teresa de Toledo, daughter of García Álvarez de Toledo, 1st Duke of Alba...
and of his third wife María de Luna y Bobadilla, with whom he had seventeen children.
By Magdalena Manrique:
- Diego Hurtado de Mendoza, 4th Marquis of CañeteDiego Hurtado de Mendoza, 4th Marquis of CañeteDiego Hurtado de Mendoza y Manrique, 4th Marquis of Cañete was a Spanish nobleman.He was the son of Don Andrés Hurtado de Mendoza, 3rd Marquis of Cañete and of Magdalena Manrique, daughter of García Fernández Manrique, 3rd Count of Osorno. Diego Hurtado de Mendoza married twice. First to Margarita...
- García Hurtado de Mendoza, 5th Marquis of Cañete (1535–1609)
- Francisco de Mendoza, Archbishop of Burgos
- Pedro de Mendoza
- Rodrigo Hurtado de Mendoza y Pacheco, 1st Lord of Fregenal de la Sierra
- Fernando de Mendoza
- Juan Hurtado de Mendoza
- Alvaro de Mendoza
- Andrés de Mendoza
- Felipe de Mendoza
- María de Mendoza
- Francisca de Mendoza
- Teresa de Mendoza