António Eça de Queiroz
Encyclopedia
António de Eça de Queiroz or de Queirós (28 December 1891 – 16 May 1968) was a Portuguese
monarchist
politician and agitator and an official in the Estado Novo of António de Oliveira Salazar
. He was married to Maria Cristina Guimarães Rino (Alcobaça
, Alcobaça
, Casa do Retiro, c. 1890 – Alcobaça, Alcobaça, 1960), without issue.
, the son of celebrated realist
author José Maria de Eça de Queiroz, he was educated at a polytechnic school in Portugal before entering militia officer training. He became associated with the monarchist cause from an early age and was involved in the incursions which culminated in the Royalist attack on Chaves
in 1912. As a result he spent most of the period 1910 to 1915 in exile. He would continue his involvement in such activity throughout the decade, notably in Porto
between 1919 and 1920. He took part in the 28 May 1926 coup d'état and then a further uprising in Porto in February 1927 designed to push the government towards more monarchist policies.
s and similar events. He was the head of Salazar's official youth movement, the Acção Escolar Vanguarda. In this capacity he represented Portugal at the 1934 Montreux Fascist conference
despite Salazar officially disavowing fascism
. At the time Eça de Queiroz was flirting with the National Syndicalists
and it was as a representative of this group that he was announced at the conference. After the meeting he became secretary of the Comitati d'Azione per l'Universalita di Roma (CAUR), or the Action Committees for the Universality of Rome for Portugal, although Eugénio de Castro
was President.
was first introduced. He left government after this, although he continued to write for a number of journals and newspapers, invariably in support of Salazar.
Portugal
Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the...
monarchist
Monarchism
Monarchism is the advocacy of the establishment, preservation, or restoration of a monarchy as a form of government in a nation. A monarchist is an individual who supports this form of government out of principle, independent from the person, the Monarch.In this system, the Monarch may be the...
politician and agitator and an official in the Estado Novo of António de Oliveira Salazar
António de Oliveira Salazar
António de Oliveira Salazar, GColIH, GCTE, GCSE served as the Prime Minister of Portugal from 1932 to 1968. He also served as acting President of the Republic briefly in 1951. He founded and led the Estado Novo , the authoritarian, right-wing government that presided over and controlled Portugal...
. He was married to Maria Cristina Guimarães Rino (Alcobaça
Alcobaça Municipality
Alcobaça Municipality contains the city of Alcobaça. It is located in Leiria District and Oeste Subregion, in Portugal, formerly included in the Estremadura Province...
, Alcobaça
Alcobaça
Alcobaça is a city in Alcobaça Municipality in Leiria District and Oeste Subregion, in Portugal, formerly included in the Estremadura Province. The city grew along the valleys of the rivers Alcoa and Baça, from which it derives its name. The municipality has a total population of 55,269...
, Casa do Retiro, c. 1890 – Alcobaça, Alcobaça, 1960), without issue.
Uprisings
Born in ParisParis
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
, the son of celebrated realist
Literary realism
Literary realism most often refers to the trend, beginning with certain works of nineteenth-century French literature and extending to late-nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century authors in various countries, towards depictions of contemporary life and society "as they were." In the spirit of...
author José Maria de Eça de Queiroz, he was educated at a polytechnic school in Portugal before entering militia officer training. He became associated with the monarchist cause from an early age and was involved in the incursions which culminated in the Royalist attack on Chaves
Royalist attack on Chaves
The attack on Chaves, Portugal, which occurred on July 8, 1912, was a military action performed by supporters of the monarchy of Portugal in opposition to the Portuguese First Republic, which had been proclaimed two years prior....
in 1912. As a result he spent most of the period 1910 to 1915 in exile. He would continue his involvement in such activity throughout the decade, notably in Porto
Porto
Porto , also known as Oporto in English, is the second largest city in Portugal and one of the major urban areas in the Iberian Peninsula. Its administrative limits include a population of 237,559 inhabitants distributed within 15 civil parishes...
between 1919 and 1920. He took part in the 28 May 1926 coup d'état and then a further uprising in Porto in February 1927 designed to push the government towards more monarchist policies.
Fascism
Eça de Queiroz was a strong supporter of the Salazar regime and he sought office in the new government when it took charge in 1932. Initially however he was only employed at a low level, representing Portugal at world fairWorld fair
World Fair can refer to:* Expo , a large public exhibition* This World Fair, an American rock band...
s and similar events. He was the head of Salazar's official youth movement, the Acção Escolar Vanguarda. In this capacity he represented Portugal at the 1934 Montreux Fascist conference
1934 Montreux Fascist conference
The Fascist International Congress was a meeting held by deputies from a number of European Fascist organizations. The conference was held on 16–17 December 1934 in Montreux, Switzerland...
despite Salazar officially disavowing fascism
Fascism
Fascism is a radical authoritarian nationalist political ideology. Fascists seek to rejuvenate their nation based on commitment to the national community as an organic entity, in which individuals are bound together in national identity by suprapersonal connections of ancestry, culture, and blood...
. At the time Eça de Queiroz was flirting with the National Syndicalists
National Syndicalists (Portugal)
The National Syndicalists were a political movement that briefly flourished in Portugal in the 1930s, and an influence on the Spanish Falange....
and it was as a representative of this group that he was announced at the conference. After the meeting he became secretary of the Comitati d'Azione per l'Universalita di Roma (CAUR), or the Action Committees for the Universality of Rome for Portugal, although Eugénio de Castro
Eugénio de Castro
Eugénio de Castro e Almeida was a Portuguese writer and a poet. He was a professor at the Faculty of Letters at the University of Coimbra and attended Escola Normal Superior in the same university....
was President.
Government activity
Eça de Queiroz was promoted in 1943 to the role of sub-director of the Secretariat for National Propaganda. In this role he became one of the most important figures in the Press Department of Salazar's regime. In 1951 he was appointed President of Direção de Emissora Nacional de Radiofusão, a role he held until 1959. In this position he was effectively head of broadcasting in Portugal. It was also under Eça de Queiroz that television in PortugalTelevision in Portugal
Television in Portugal was introduced in 1956 by Radiotelevisão Portuguesa , which held the nation-wide television monopoly until late 1992. Regular broadcasting was introduced on March 7, 1957...
was first introduced. He left government after this, although he continued to write for a number of journals and newspapers, invariably in support of Salazar.