António Granjo
Encyclopedia
António Joaquim Granjo (Chaves, 27 December 1881 - Lisbon
, 19 October 1921; ɐ̃ˈtɔniu ˈɡɾɐ̃ʒu) was a Portuguese
lawyer and politician
.
He was a republican
from his youth, and was a member of the National Constituent Assembly, elected on 28 May 1911. He fought during Portuguese participation in
World War I
, and wrote a book about his experiences.
After President Sidónio Pais
was shot dead, Granjo took action against the "North Monarchy", an attempt to restore a royalist regime in the north of Portugal, in 1919. He was President of the Municipal Chamber
of Chaves, from February to July 1919. He was elected, the same year, to the Chamber of Deputies
, by the Evolutionist Republican Party, later being a founder of its successor movement, the Liberal Republican Party. Minister of Justice during Domingos Pereira's coalition government, he served two brief terms as Prime Minister
, the first time, from 19 July to 20 November 1920, in a liberal government. Afterwards he was nominated Prime Minister again, to take the place of another liberal, Tomé de Barros Queiroz, on 30 August 1921.
Granjo was assassinated, while in office, during the infamous "Noite Sangrenta
", on 19 October 1921. The political affiliation of his murderers is still a matter of dispute. That same night, two other prominent republicans of moderately right-wing sympathies, Machado Santos (widely known as the founder of the republic) and Carlos da Maia, also lost their lives.
Lisbon
Lisbon is the capital city and largest city of Portugal with a population of 545,245 within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Lisbon extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of 3 million on an area of , making it the 9th most populous urban...
, 19 October 1921; ɐ̃ˈtɔniu ˈɡɾɐ̃ʒu) was a Portuguese
Portuguese people
The Portuguese are a nation and ethnic group native to the country of Portugal, in the west of the Iberian peninsula of south-west Europe. Their language is Portuguese, and Roman Catholicism is the predominant religion....
lawyer and politician
Politician
A politician, political leader, or political figure is an individual who is involved in influencing public policy and decision making...
.
He was a republican
Republicanism
Republicanism is the ideology of governing a nation as a republic, where the head of state is appointed by means other than heredity, often elections. The exact meaning of republicanism varies depending on the cultural and historical context...
from his youth, and was a member of the National Constituent Assembly, elected on 28 May 1911. He fought during Portuguese participation in
Portugal in the Great War
Despite its old alliance with Britain started with the Treaty of Windsor in 1386 , Portugal did not initially form part of the system of alliances involved in World War I and thus initially kept its neutrality...
World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
, and wrote a book about his experiences.
After President Sidónio Pais
Sidónio Pais
Sidónio Bernardino Cardoso da Silva Pais was a Portuguese politician and diplomat, the fourth President in 1918. He was known as the President-King.-Family:...
was shot dead, Granjo took action against the "North Monarchy", an attempt to restore a royalist regime in the north of Portugal, in 1919. He was President of the Municipal Chamber
President of the Municipal Chamber
President of the Municipal Chamber, or Presidente da Câmara Municipal, in Portuguese, is the title of the Mayor, in Portugal and other Portuguese speaking countries. In Brazil, the title is "Prefect", or Prefeito....
of Chaves, from February to July 1919. He was elected, the same year, to the Chamber of Deputies
Assembly of the Republic
The Assembly of the Republic is the Portuguese parliament. It is located in a historical building in Lisbon, referred to as Palácio de São Bento, the site of an old Benedictine monastery...
, by the Evolutionist Republican Party, later being a founder of its successor movement, the Liberal Republican Party. Minister of Justice during Domingos Pereira's coalition government, he served two brief terms as Prime Minister
Prime minister
A prime minister is the most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government in a parliamentary system. In many systems, the prime minister selects and may dismiss other members of the cabinet, and allocates posts to members within the government. In most systems, the prime...
, the first time, from 19 July to 20 November 1920, in a liberal government. Afterwards he was nominated Prime Minister again, to take the place of another liberal, Tomé de Barros Queiroz, on 30 August 1921.
Granjo was assassinated, while in office, during the infamous "Noite Sangrenta
Bloody Night
Bloody Night is the name by which the radical revolt that took place in Lisbon, on the night of October 19, 1921, became known...
", on 19 October 1921. The political affiliation of his murderers is still a matter of dispute. That same night, two other prominent republicans of moderately right-wing sympathies, Machado Santos (widely known as the founder of the republic) and Carlos da Maia, also lost their lives.