António Ramalho Eanes - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

António dos Santos Ramalho Eanes, GColTE

Order of the Tower and Sword

The Military Order of the Tower and of the Sword, of Valour, Loyalty and Merit is a Portuguese order of knighthood and the pinnacle of the Portuguese honours system. It was created by King Afonso V in 1459....

, GCL

Order of Liberty

The Order of Liberty, or Freedom, is a Portuguese honorific civil order that distinguishes relevant services to the cause of democracy and freedom, in the defense of the values of civilization and human dignification...

, CavA

Order of Aviz

The Military Order of Aviz , previously to 1910 Royal Military Order of Aviz , previously to 1789 Order of Saint Benedict of Aviz , previously Knights of St. Benedict of Aviz or Friars of Santa Maria of Évora, is a Portuguese Order of Chivalry...

, KE

Order of the Elephant

The Order of the Elephant is the highest order of Denmark. It has origins in the 15th century, but has officially existed since 1693, and since the establishment of constitutional monarchy in 1849, is now almost exclusively bestowed on royalty and heads of state.- History :A Danish religious...

(ɐ̃ˈtɔniu ʁɐˈmaʎu ˈiɐnɨʃ; born 25 January 1935) is a Portuguese

Portugal

Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the...

general and politician

Politician

A politician, political leader, or political figure is an individual who is involved in influencing public policy and decision making...

who was the 16th President of Portugal

President of Portugal

Portugal has been a republic since 1910, and since that time the head of state has been the president, whose official title is President of the Portuguese Republic ....

from 1976 to 1986.

Background

Born at Castelo Branco, Alcains

Alcains

Alcains is a Portuguese civil parish in the municipality of Castelo Branco, with a total area of 37,09 km² and approximately 7000 inhabitants .-History:...

, he is the son of António dos Santos Eanes, a general contractor

General contractor

A general contractor is responsible for the day-to-day oversight of a construction site, management of vendors and trades, and communication of information to involved parties throughout the course of a building project.-Description:...

, and wife Maria do Rosário Ramalho and brother of João.

Career

After a long military career in the Portuguese Colonial War

Portuguese Colonial War

The Portuguese Colonial War , also known in Portugal as the Overseas War or in the former colonies as the War of liberation , was fought between Portugal's military and the emerging nationalist movements in Portugal's African colonies between 1961 and 1974, when the Portuguese regime was...

s, he was stationed in Portuguese Angola when the 25 April revolution

Carnation Revolution

The Carnation Revolution , also referred to as the 25 de Abril , was a military coup started on 25 April 1974, in Lisbon, Portugal, coupled with an unanticipated and extensive campaign of civil resistance...

of 1974 took place. He joined the Movimento das Forças Armadas

Movimento das Forças Armadas

The Movement of the Armed Forces was an organisation of lower-ranked left-leaning officers in the Portuguese Armed Forces which was responsible for the Carnation Revolution of 25 April 1974, a military coup in Lisbon which ended the corporatist New State regime in Portugal, the Portuguese...

(MFA or Armed Forces Movement) and after returning to Portugal, he was made president of RTP

Rádio e Televisão de Portugal

Rádio e Televisão de Portugal, S.A.,commonly known as RTP, is Portugal's public service broadcasting organization. It operates four terrestrial television channels and three national radio channels, as well as several satellite and cable offerings....

(Portuguese public television). He ordered the military operations against the pro-communist radical faction of the MFA on 25 November 1975, ending that year's "hot summer" (Verão quente).

In 1976 he was elected President of Portugal

President of Portugal

Portugal has been a republic since 1910, and since that time the head of state has been the president, whose official title is President of the Portuguese Republic ....

. At the end of 1980 he was re-elected, serving until February 1986. After his presidency, he headed the Democratic Renewal Party , resigning in 1987.

He is also a Member of the Portuguese Council of State, as a former elected President of Portugal

President of Portugal

Portugal has been a republic since 1910, and since that time the head of state has been the president, whose official title is President of the Portuguese Republic ....

.

He rejected any suggestion of becoming a Marshal

Marshal

Marshal , is a word used in several official titles of various branches of society. The word is an ancient loan word from Old French, cf...

, considering the title unnecessary.

Decorations

He was awarded with the Grand Collar of the Order of the Tower and Sword

Order of the Tower and Sword

, the Grand Cross

Grand Cross

The phrase Grand Cross is used to denote the highest grade in many orders of knighthood. Sometimes the holders of the highest grade are referred to "knights grand cross" or just "grand crosses"; in other cases the actual insignia itself is called "the grand cross".Alternatively, in some other...

of the Order of Liberty

Order of Liberty

, Knight

Knight

A knight was a member of a class of lower nobility in the High Middle Ages.By the Late Middle Ages, the rank had become associated with the ideals of chivalry, a code of conduct for the perfect courtly Christian warrior....

of the Order of Aviz

Order of Aviz

, and Knight

Knight

of the Order of the Elephant

Order of the Elephant

of Denmark

Denmark

Denmark is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. The countries of Denmark and Greenland, as well as the Faroe Islands, constitute the Kingdom of Denmark . It is the southernmost of the Nordic countries, southwest of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. Denmark...

.

In 1985 he was given the honorary British award of Royal Victorian Chain

Royal Victorian Chain

The Royal Victorian Chain is an award, instituted in 1902 by King Edward VII as a personal award of the Monarch...

Family

He married at the Palace of Queluz on 28 October 1970 to Maria Manuela Duarte Neto de Portugal Ramalho Eanes (b. 29 December 1938), who was one of Portugal's most politically active first ladies, making speeches at Democratic Renewal Party rallies while her husband was president. They had two sons, Manuel António (b. 5 May 1972) and Miguel (b. 1977).

1976 Portuguese presidential election

Summary of the 27 June 1976 Portuguese

Portugal

presidential

President of Portugal

Portugal has been a republic since 1910, and since that time the head of state has been the president, whose official title is President of the Portuguese Republic ....

election results

Elections in Portugal

Elections in Portugal gives information on election and election results in Portugal.Only the elections since the Carnation Revolution of 1974 are listed here. During the period encompassing the Constitutional Monarchy and the First Republic there were also elections, but only for a limited...

Independent (politician)

In politics, an independent or non-party politician is an individual not affiliated to any political party. Independents may hold a centrist viewpoint between those of major political parties, a viewpoint more extreme than any major party, or they may have a viewpoint based on issues that they do...

Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho

Otelo Nuno Romão Saraiva de Carvalho, GCL , formerly a Portuguese military officer, was the chief strategist of the 1974 Carnation Revolution in Lisbon.-Biography:...

|align=left|Independent

Independent (politician)

Independent (politician)

Portuguese Communist Party

The Portuguese Communist Party is a major left-wing political party in Portugal. It is a Marxist-Leninist party, and its organization is based upon democratic centralism. The party also considers itself to be patriotic and internationalist....

|align="right" |365,586
|align="right" |7.59
|-
|colspan="3" align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total valid
|width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|4,817,630
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|100.00
|-
|align=right colspan="3"|Blank ballots
|width="65" align="right" |43,242
|width="40" align="right" |0.89
|-
|align=right colspan="3" |Invalid ballots
|width="65" align="right"|20,253
|width="40" align="right"|0.41
|-
|colspan="3" align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total (turnout 75.47%)
|width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|4,881,125
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|
|-
|colspan=5 align=left|Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições
|}

1980 Portuguese presidential election
Summary of the 7 December 1980 Portuguese

Portugal

presidential

President of Portugal

Portugal has been a republic since 1910, and since that time the head of state has been the president, whose official title is President of the Portuguese Republic ....

election results

Elections in Portugal

Independent (politician)

António Soares Carneiro

António da Silva Osório Braga Soares Carneiro, GCTE is a Portuguese military officer and politician...

|align=left|Democratic Alliance

Democratic Alliance (Portugal)

The Democratic Alliance was a coalition in Portugal between the Social Democratic Party , the Democratic Social Center and the People's Monarchist Party , including also a group of...

Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho

Otelo Nuno Romão Saraiva de Carvalho, GCL , formerly a Portuguese military officer, was the chief strategist of the 1974 Carnation Revolution in Lisbon.-Biography:...

|align=left|Independent

Independent (politician)

Carlos Galvão de Melo

Carlos Galvão de Melo was a Portuguese military officer from the Portuguese Air Force....

|align=left|Independent

Independent (politician)

Independent (politician)

Workers Party of Socialist Unity

Workers Party of Socialist Unity is a small Trotskyist political party in Portugal, founded in 1976 after a split from the Portuguese Socialist Party. It is a member of the Fourth International led by Pierre Lambert....

Carlos Brito

Carlos Alfredo de Brito, GCIH is a Portuguese politician. He joined the illegal Portuguese Communist Party during the authoritarian New State regime , by whom he was imprisoned....

|align=left|Portuguese Communist Party

Portuguese Communist Party

|colspan="2" align="center" |left the race
|-
|colspan="3" align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total valid
|width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|5,780,242
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|100.00
|-
|align=right colspan="3"|Blank ballots
|width="65" align="right" |44,014
|width="40" align="right" |0.75
|-
|align=right colspan="3" |Invalid ballots
|width="65" align="right"|16,076
|width="40" align="right"|0.28
|-
|colspan="3" align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total (turnout 84.39%)
|width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|5,840,332
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|
|-
|colspan=5 align=left|Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições
|}

External links

Biography in portuguese

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