Araucanía Region
Encyclopedia
The IX Araucanía Region (Spanish
: IX Región de La Araucanía) is one of Chile
's 15 first order administrative division
s and comprises two provinces: Malleco in the north and Cautín
in the south.
Its capital is Temuco
, other important cities include Angol
and Villarrica
.
, or monkey puzzle tree, also known locally as pehuén, towers above the other trees; its fruit—the piñón, a type of pine nut—is still a staple food for the indigenous Pehuenche
s.
A large part of this natural wealth is protected in various National Parks (Nahuelbuta
, Tolhuaca
. Conguillío
, Villarrica
, and Huerquehue
), or National Reserves (Malalcahuello
, Las Nalcas
, and Alto Biobío
).
people who resisted both Inca and Spanish
conquest attempts. Since 1885 the territory has been part of Chile
after the occupation of the Araucanía
.The Spaniards shed so much blood in their attempt to conquer the Mapuche
people who inhabited this area, that they were forced to establish their southern "frontier" on the banks of the Biobío River.
in 1882. Many cities and towns in Araucanía first appeared as army outposts during and after the Occupation of Araucanía. The last portions of the region to be reached by the army were Alto Biobío
and Tolten River
's lowlands. It has also been in these regions were Mapuche communities have thrived best after the Chilean conquest. With the construction of the Malleco viaduct
in the 1890s, the region became more accessible and settlements in southern Chile became more consolidated.
taking place and indiscriminate logging
and burning of woodlands, soils were prone to extensive erosion
and lost the qualities that made them extremely fertile.
Beginning in the 1930s Villarrica Lake begun to profile as a tourism area.
organizations renewed their claims on certain territories leading to what is now called the Mapuche conflict
. Mapuche revindication organizations like Coordinadora Arauco-Malleco
have sometimes used arson-attacks and death threats to back up their claims, other organizations like Consejo de Todas Las Tierras have sought and enjoyed international support from ONGs and ther indigenous organizations.
. The Chilean government endorsed a large-scale settlement program in the 19th century. It was common practice at the time for Chile to endorse land advertisement to Europeans, notably in Germany
, Austria
and Switzerland
, from where new arrivals came, often fleeing political upheaval and seeking a new place to live in Chile.
The current population mostly originates from national immigration from the Central Zone of Chile and to a lesser extent consists of descendants of European settlers who arrived during and after the "pacification of Araucanía". The Indian presence is significant, being the region with the highest Indigenous proportion of Chile (approximately 25%) of which a majority are Mapuche
people. About 25% of the population are white or castizo
(another form of Mestizo
(50%) of partial European-Amerindian descent), a large proportion of whites are descendants of Spanish
.
Smaller numbers of Argentine, Japanese
, Korean, Lebanese
, Arab and Turkish
people, and people of (North) American
and Australian descent settled in Araucania in the early 20th century. Towns like Angol
had a punchline for having a large number of "Anglos", while Temuco has a thriving Chinese
and Syrian presence and Villarrica was where several thousand Afrikaners or Dutch South Africa
ns settled after their evacuation from South Africa following the Boer War
(1899–1903).
During the past three decades, the city of Temuco
has seen the most explosive population growth nationwide. According to the census of 1970, approximately 88,000 inhabitants lived in Temuco. In the census of 2000, 30 years later, the population had tripled to 250,000. The resort town of Villarrica
on the Lago Villarrica has also become a demographic phenomenon. It is in turn located next to the fast-growing resort of Pucon
, now one of the four biggest tourist
destinations of Chile. According to the 2002 census, the most populated cities are: Temuco (260 783 hab. Includes Padre Las Casas); Villarrica (45 531 hab.) Angol (43 801 hab.) Victoria ( 23 977 hab.) Lautaro (18 808 hab.) New Imperial (14 980 hab.) Collipulli (14 240 hab.) Loncoche (14 191 hab.) and Traiguén (14 140 hab.).
farming and was known as "Chile’s granary." However, agriculture is now highly diversified, wheat is still the main crop, but production of oats, rape, and lupine has increased significantly and fruit and flower growing are also emerging.
The significant urban and commercial development, together with vast possibilities for tourism, contribute other openings for progress. Amenities range from a casino at Pucón to hot springs, adventure trails, and a Half- Ironman Triathlon (1.9- kilometer swim, 90-kilometer bike ride, and a 21-kilometer race).
38°54′S 72°40′W
Spanish language
Spanish , also known as Castilian , is a Romance language in the Ibero-Romance group that evolved from several languages and dialects in central-northern Iberia around the 9th century and gradually spread with the expansion of the Kingdom of Castile into central and southern Iberia during the...
: IX Región de La Araucanía) is one of Chile
Chile
Chile ,officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far...
's 15 first order administrative division
Administrative division
An administrative division, subnational entity, or country subdivision is a portion of a country or other political division, established for the purpose of government. Administrative divisions are each granted a certain degree of autonomy, and are required to manage themselves through their own...
s and comprises two provinces: Malleco in the north and Cautín
Cautín Province
Cautín Province is one of two provinces in the southern Chilean region of Araucanía , bounded on the north by Arauco and Malleco provinces, on the east by Argentina, on the south by Valdivia Province, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean. Its population at the 2002 census was of 667,920. The most...
in the south.
Its capital is Temuco
Temuco
Temuco is a city and commune, capital of the Cautín Province and of the Araucanía Region in southern Chile. The name comes from the Mapudungun language, meaning "temu water"; "temu" is a tree used by Mapuches for medicinal purposes. The city is located 670 km south of Santiago...
, other important cities include Angol
Angol
Angol is a commune and capital city of the Malleco Province in the Araucanía Region of southern Chile. It is located at the foot of the Nahuelbuta Range and next to the Vergara River, that permitted communications by small boats to the Bío-Bío River and Concepción. This strategic position explains...
and Villarrica
Villarrica, Chile
Villarrica is a city and commune in southern Chile located on the western shore of Villarrica Lake in the Province of Cautín, Araucanía Region south of Santiago and close to the Villarrica Volcano ski center to the south east. Residents of Villarrica are known as Villarriquences.Tourism, grain and...
.
Geography
Virgin forests, featuring coigüe, raulí, and tepa, as well as bay and cypress trees, criss-cross the region in all directions. The majestic araucariaAraucaria araucana
Araucaria araucana is an evergreen tree growing to tall with a trunk diameter. The tree is native to central and southern Chile, western Argentina and south Brazil. Araucaria araucana is the hardiest species in the conifer genus Araucaria...
, or monkey puzzle tree, also known locally as pehuén, towers above the other trees; its fruit—the piñón, a type of pine nut—is still a staple food for the indigenous Pehuenche
Pehuenche
Pehuenches are an indigenous people that are part of the Mapuche peoples and live in the Andes in south central Chile and Argentina. Their name derives from their habit of harvesting of piñones, the seeds of the Araucaria araucana or pehuén...
s.
A large part of this natural wealth is protected in various National Parks (Nahuelbuta
Nahuelbuta National Park
Nahuelbuta National Park is one of the few parks located in Araucanía Region of Chile's Coastal Mountain Range. It sits atop the highest part of the Cordillera de Nahuelbuta. Created in 1939, it consists of 6,832 hectares situated just 162 km northeast of Temuco. Nahuelbuta is a sanctuary for...
, Tolhuaca
Tolhuaca National Park
Tolhuaca National Park encompasses part of the forested lower western spurs and foothills of the Andes of the Araucanía Region of southern Chile. Adjoining the park to the north is Malleco National Reserve. The park has an elevation of 700 m asl at its western end and 1,821 m asl at its eastern...
. Conguillío
Conguillío National Park
Conguillío National Park is located in the Andes, in the provinces of Cautín and Malleco, in the Araucanía Region of Chile. Its name derives from the Mapuche word for "water with Araucaria seeds"...
, Villarrica
Villarrica National Park
Villarrica National Park is located in the Andes, in the Araucanía and Los Ríos regions of Chile, near Pucón. The centerpiece of the park is a line of three volcanoes stretching transversely to the Andean range: Villarrica, Quetrupillán, and Lanín....
, and Huerquehue
Huerquehue National Park
Huerquehue National Park is located in the Andes, in the Valdivian temperate rainforest of the Araucanía Region in southern Chile. The park encompasses 125 square kilometres of mountainous terrain east of Caburgua Lake, and has an elevation range from 720 to 2,000 m asl.One of the most noteworthy...
), or National Reserves (Malalcahuello
Malalcahuello-Nalcas
Malalcahuello-Nalcas is a protected area comprising two adjoining national reserves: Malalcahuello and Nalcas. It is located in the Andes, in the Araucanía Region of Chile and bordering the Bío-Bío Region....
, Las Nalcas
Malalcahuello-Nalcas
Malalcahuello-Nalcas is a protected area comprising two adjoining national reserves: Malalcahuello and Nalcas. It is located in the Andes, in the Araucanía Region of Chile and bordering the Bío-Bío Region....
, and Alto Biobío
Alto Biobío National Reserve
Alto Biobío National Reserve is a nature reserve located in the easternmost portion of Upper Bío-Bío River basin, in the Araucanía Region, Chile. The vegetation is dominated by Andean steppe with scattered Araucaria trees....
).
Early Mapuche resistance
The Araucanía is the heartland of the indigenous MapucheMapuche
The Mapuche are a group of indigenous inhabitants of south-central Chile and southwestern Argentina. They constitute a wide-ranging ethnicity composed of various groups who shared a common social, religious and economic structure, as well as a common linguistic heritage. Their influence extended...
people who resisted both Inca and Spanish
Spanish Empire
The Spanish Empire comprised territories and colonies administered directly by Spain in Europe, in America, Africa, Asia and Oceania. It originated during the Age of Exploration and was therefore one of the first global empires. At the time of Habsburgs, Spain reached the peak of its world power....
conquest attempts. Since 1885 the territory has been part of Chile
Chile
Chile ,officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far...
after the occupation of the Araucanía
Occupation of the Araucanía
The Occupation of Araucanía was a series of military campaigns, agreements and penetrations by the Chilean army and settlers which led to the incorporation of Araucanía into Chilean national territory...
.The Spaniards shed so much blood in their attempt to conquer the Mapuche
Mapuche
The Mapuche are a group of indigenous inhabitants of south-central Chile and southwestern Argentina. They constitute a wide-ranging ethnicity composed of various groups who shared a common social, religious and economic structure, as well as a common linguistic heritage. Their influence extended...
people who inhabited this area, that they were forced to establish their southern "frontier" on the banks of the Biobío River.
Chilean conquest
Following independence, the Chilean government opted for peaceful relations and did not begin effective territorial occupation until 1862, when new towns were founded and the railroad, telegraph, and highroads advanced. Araucanía was fully incorporated into ChileChile
Chile ,officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far...
in 1882. Many cities and towns in Araucanía first appeared as army outposts during and after the Occupation of Araucanía. The last portions of the region to be reached by the army were Alto Biobío
Lonquimay
Lonquimay is a town and commune in the Malleco Province of southern Chile's Araucanía Region.- Transport :It is the terminus of an abandoned broad gauge railway project which supporters cited as the most practical railway route through the Andes to Argentina, but which lacks a link between...
and Tolten River
Toltén River
Toltén River is a river located in the Araucanía Region of Chile. It rises at Villarrica Lake, close to the city of the same name. Its major tributary is Allipén River...
's lowlands. It has also been in these regions were Mapuche communities have thrived best after the Chilean conquest. With the construction of the Malleco viaduct
Malleco Viaduct
The Malleco Viaduct is a railway bridge located in central Chile, passing over the Malleco River valley at the south entrance of Collipulli in the Araucania Region. It was opened by President José Manuel Balmaceda on October 26, 1890. At that time, it was the highest such bridge in the world...
in the 1890s, the region became more accessible and settlements in southern Chile became more consolidated.
"The Granary of Chile"
Until the mid-20th century the large agricultural estates that were established in Araucanía got the region to be called the "Granary of Chile". With naturally fertile soil and the implementation of modern technology like tractors, wheat harvests were extraordinarily high. With no crop rotationCrop rotation
Crop rotation is the practice of growing a series of dissimilar types of crops in the same area in sequential seasons.Crop rotation confers various benefits to the soil. A traditional element of crop rotation is the replenishment of nitrogen through the use of green manure in sequence with cereals...
taking place and indiscriminate logging
Logging
Logging is the cutting, skidding, on-site processing, and loading of trees or logs onto trucks.In forestry, the term logging is sometimes used in a narrow sense concerning the logistics of moving wood from the stump to somewhere outside the forest, usually a sawmill or a lumber yard...
and burning of woodlands, soils were prone to extensive erosion
Erosion
Erosion is when materials are removed from the surface and changed into something else. It only works by hydraulic actions and transport of solids in the natural environment, and leads to the deposition of these materials elsewhere...
and lost the qualities that made them extremely fertile.
Beginning in the 1930s Villarrica Lake begun to profile as a tourism area.
Economic expansion and renewed Mapuche conflict
With the return of democracy in Chile in 1990 MapucheMapuche
The Mapuche are a group of indigenous inhabitants of south-central Chile and southwestern Argentina. They constitute a wide-ranging ethnicity composed of various groups who shared a common social, religious and economic structure, as well as a common linguistic heritage. Their influence extended...
organizations renewed their claims on certain territories leading to what is now called the Mapuche conflict
Mapuche conflict
Mapuche conflict is a collective name for the revival and reorganization of Mapuche communities for greater autonomy, recognition of rights and the recovery of land since the Chilean transition to democracy. The Mapuche conflict is a phenomenon mainly from Chile, but also from neighboring areas of...
. Mapuche revindication organizations like Coordinadora Arauco-Malleco
Coordinadora Arauco-Malleco
Coordinadora Arauco-Malleco or CAM, is a Mapuche organization dedicated to the revindication and recovery of former Mapuche lands. It was founded in 1998, in Tranaquepe, Chile, and is responsible for land occupation in the zones of Tirúa, Contulmo, Cañete and Temucuicui...
have sometimes used arson-attacks and death threats to back up their claims, other organizations like Consejo de Todas Las Tierras have sought and enjoyed international support from ONGs and ther indigenous organizations.
Demography
Spanish settlers first arrived in Aracunia in the 1550s but were unable to subdue the indigenous MapuchesMapuche
The Mapuche are a group of indigenous inhabitants of south-central Chile and southwestern Argentina. They constitute a wide-ranging ethnicity composed of various groups who shared a common social, religious and economic structure, as well as a common linguistic heritage. Their influence extended...
. The Chilean government endorsed a large-scale settlement program in the 19th century. It was common practice at the time for Chile to endorse land advertisement to Europeans, notably in Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
, Austria
Austria
Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...
and Switzerland
Switzerland
Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....
, from where new arrivals came, often fleeing political upheaval and seeking a new place to live in Chile.
The current population mostly originates from national immigration from the Central Zone of Chile and to a lesser extent consists of descendants of European settlers who arrived during and after the "pacification of Araucanía". The Indian presence is significant, being the region with the highest Indigenous proportion of Chile (approximately 25%) of which a majority are Mapuche
Mapuche
The Mapuche are a group of indigenous inhabitants of south-central Chile and southwestern Argentina. They constitute a wide-ranging ethnicity composed of various groups who shared a common social, religious and economic structure, as well as a common linguistic heritage. Their influence extended...
people. About 25% of the population are white or castizo
Castizo
Castizo is a Spanish word with a general meaning of "pure" or "genuine". The feminine form is castiza. From this meaning it evolved other meanings, such as "typical of an area" and it was also used for one of the colonial Spanish race categories, the castas, that evolved in the seventeenth...
(another form of Mestizo
Mestizo
Mestizo is a term traditionally used in Latin America, Philippines and Spain for people of mixed European and Native American heritage or descent...
(50%) of partial European-Amerindian descent), a large proportion of whites are descendants of Spanish
Spanish people
The Spanish are citizens of the Kingdom of Spain. Within Spain, there are also a number of vigorous nationalisms and regionalisms, reflecting the country's complex history....
.
Smaller numbers of Argentine, Japanese
Japanese people
The are an ethnic group originating in the Japanese archipelago and are the predominant ethnic group of Japan. Worldwide, approximately 130 million people are of Japanese descent; of these, approximately 127 million are residents of Japan. People of Japanese ancestry who live in other countries...
, Korean, Lebanese
Lebanon
Lebanon , officially the Republic of LebanonRepublic of Lebanon is the most common term used by Lebanese government agencies. The term Lebanese Republic, a literal translation of the official Arabic and French names that is not used in today's world. Arabic is the most common language spoken among...
, Arab and Turkish
Turkish people
Turkish people, also known as the "Turks" , are an ethnic group primarily living in Turkey and in the former lands of the Ottoman Empire where Turkish minorities had been established in Bulgaria, Cyprus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, Greece, Kosovo, Macedonia, and Romania...
people, and people of (North) American
North America
North America is a continent wholly within the Northern Hemisphere and almost wholly within the Western Hemisphere. It is also considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas...
and Australian descent settled in Araucania in the early 20th century. Towns like Angol
Angol
Angol is a commune and capital city of the Malleco Province in the Araucanía Region of southern Chile. It is located at the foot of the Nahuelbuta Range and next to the Vergara River, that permitted communications by small boats to the Bío-Bío River and Concepción. This strategic position explains...
had a punchline for having a large number of "Anglos", while Temuco has a thriving Chinese
Chinese people
The term Chinese people may refer to any of the following:*People with Han Chinese ethnicity ....
and Syrian presence and Villarrica was where several thousand Afrikaners or Dutch South Africa
South Africa
The Republic of South Africa is a country in southern Africa. Located at the southern tip of Africa, it is divided into nine provinces, with of coastline on the Atlantic and Indian oceans...
ns settled after their evacuation from South Africa following the Boer War
Boer War
The Boer Wars were two wars fought between the British Empire and the two independent Boer republics, the Oranje Vrijstaat and the Republiek van Transvaal ....
(1899–1903).
During the past three decades, the city of Temuco
Temuco
Temuco is a city and commune, capital of the Cautín Province and of the Araucanía Region in southern Chile. The name comes from the Mapudungun language, meaning "temu water"; "temu" is a tree used by Mapuches for medicinal purposes. The city is located 670 km south of Santiago...
has seen the most explosive population growth nationwide. According to the census of 1970, approximately 88,000 inhabitants lived in Temuco. In the census of 2000, 30 years later, the population had tripled to 250,000. The resort town of Villarrica
Villarrica, Chile
Villarrica is a city and commune in southern Chile located on the western shore of Villarrica Lake in the Province of Cautín, Araucanía Region south of Santiago and close to the Villarrica Volcano ski center to the south east. Residents of Villarrica are known as Villarriquences.Tourism, grain and...
on the Lago Villarrica has also become a demographic phenomenon. It is in turn located next to the fast-growing resort of Pucon
Pucón
Pucón is a Chilean city and commune administered by the municipality of Pucón located in the Province of Cautín, Araucanía Region, 100 km to the southeast of Temuco and 780 km to the south of Santiago....
, now one of the four biggest tourist
Tourism
Tourism is travel for recreational, leisure or business purposes. The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people "traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes".Tourism has become a...
destinations of Chile. According to the 2002 census, the most populated cities are: Temuco (260 783 hab. Includes Padre Las Casas); Villarrica (45 531 hab.) Angol (43 801 hab.) Victoria ( 23 977 hab.) Lautaro (18 808 hab.) New Imperial (14 980 hab.) Collipulli (14 240 hab.) Loncoche (14 191 hab.) and Traiguén (14 140 hab.).
Economy
Until recently, Araucanía was dependent on cerealCereal
Cereals are grasses cultivated for the edible components of their grain , composed of the endosperm, germ, and bran...
farming and was known as "Chile’s granary." However, agriculture is now highly diversified, wheat is still the main crop, but production of oats, rape, and lupine has increased significantly and fruit and flower growing are also emerging.
The significant urban and commercial development, together with vast possibilities for tourism, contribute other openings for progress. Amenities range from a casino at Pucón to hot springs, adventure trails, and a Half- Ironman Triathlon (1.9- kilometer swim, 90-kilometer bike ride, and a 21-kilometer race).
Municipalities
The region consists of 38 municipalities:- AngolAngolAngol is a commune and capital city of the Malleco Province in the Araucanía Region of southern Chile. It is located at the foot of the Nahuelbuta Range and next to the Vergara River, that permitted communications by small boats to the Bío-Bío River and Concepción. This strategic position explains...
- CarahueCarahueCarahue is a city and commune in southern Chile. It is located 56 km west of Temuco, on the northern bank of the Imperial River.The city was founded as La Imperial April 16, 1552 by Pedro de Valdivia....
- CholcholCholcholCholchol is a Chilean town and commune located in Cautín Province, Araucanía Region. The commune was created by Law 19,944 on April 22, 2004 by dividing off the northern area of the existing Nueva Imperial commune.-Demographics:...
- CollipulliCollipulliCollipulli is a city and commune forming part of the Malleco Province in the Araucanía Region in southern Chile. Its name means "coloured lands" in the Mapuche language spoken in the area. It has a population of 22,354 and an area of...
- CuncoCunco, ChileCunco is a Chilean commune and city in Cautín Province, Araucanía Region. The town is located 60 km southeast of the city of Temuco and 77 km west of Icalma International Pass....
- CuracautínCuracautínCuracautín, which means "Gathering Stone" in Mapudungun, is a commune and city in the Chilean province of Malleco. Curacautín is located 90 kilometres northeast of Temuco, in a valley near the volcanoes Tolhuaca, Lonquimay and Llaima, all of which can be seen from the city...
- CurarrehueCurarrehueCurarrehue is a town and commune in Cautín Province of Araucanía Region, Chile. The origin of Curarrehue dates back to the occupation of Araucanía and the Conquest of the Desert by the Chilean and Argentine army respectively in the 1870s and 1880s when Mapuches were pushed by the Argentine Army...
- ErcillaErcilla, ChileErcilla is a Chilean town and commune in the Malleco Province, Araucanía Region. Its name is a tribute to Alonso de Ercilla, who wrote La Araucana.-Demographics:...
- FreireFreire, ChileFreire is a Chilean town and commune in Cautín Province, Araucanía Region. According to the 2002 census, the commune population was 25,514 and has an area of ....
- Galvarino
- GorbeaGorbea, ChileGorbea is a Chilean city and commune located in Cautín Province, Araucanía Region.-Demographics:According to the 2002 census of the National Statistics Institute, Gorbea spans an area of and has 15,222 inhabitants . Of these, 9,413 lived in urban areas and 5,809 in rural areas...
- LautaroLautaro, ChileLautaro is a city and commune of the Cautín Province in Chile's Araucanía Region. The area is named in honor of Lautaro, Mapuche leader during the War of Arauco.-Demographics:...
- LoncocheLoncocheLoncoche is a city and commune in the Araucanía Region, southern Chile. It is located near the border to Los Ríos Region and the city of Lanco.Loncoche is a major centre for milk production...
- LonquimayLonquimayLonquimay is a town and commune in the Malleco Province of southern Chile's Araucanía Region.- Transport :It is the terminus of an abandoned broad gauge railway project which supporters cited as the most practical railway route through the Andes to Argentina, but which lacks a link between...
- Los SaucesLos SaucesLos Sauces is a Chilean town and commune in the Malleco Province, Araucanía Region.-Demographics:According to the 2002 census of the National Statistics Institute, Los Sauces spans an area of and has 7,581 inhabitants . Of these, 3,638 lived in urban areas and 3,943 in rural areas...
- LumacoLumacoLumaco is a town and commune in Malleco Province in the Araucanía Region of Chile. Its name in Mapudungun means "water of luma". Lumaco is located to northeast of Temuco and from Angol...
- MelipeucoMelipeucoMelipeuco is a town and commune in Chile, located at the foot of the Andes, in the Province of Cautín, Araucanía Region. Melipeuco is from the southern entrance of the Conguillío National Park. The Nevados de Sollipulli, an ice-filled volcanic caldera surrounded by numerous hot water springs and...
- Nueva ImperialNueva ImperialNueva Imperial is a city and commune in the south of Chile. It is located in Cautín Province in the Araucanía Region. Nueva Imperial lies about to the west of Temuco, the regional capital.-Geography:...
- Padre Las CasasPadre Las Casas, ChilePadre Las Casas is a Chilean city and commune located in Cautín Province, Araucanía Region. Padre Las Casas spans a landlocked area of .-Demographics:...
- PerquencoPerquencoPerquenco is a town and commune in southern Chile's Araucanía Region. The town was declared capital of the Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia by Orélie-Antoine de Tounens, but soon after it was occupied by Cornelio Saavedra Rodríguez who was in charge of the Chilean occupation of the...
- PitrufquénPitrufquénPitrufquén is a Chilean city and commune in Cautín Province, Araucanía Region. The city is located 30 km south of Temuco and lies immediately south of the Toltén River, along Chile Highway 5.-History:...
- PucónPucónPucón is a Chilean city and commune administered by the municipality of Pucón located in the Province of Cautín, Araucanía Region, 100 km to the southeast of Temuco and 780 km to the south of Santiago....
- PurénPurénPurén is a city and commune in Malleco Province of Araucanía Region, Chile. It is located in the west base of the Nahuelbuta mountain range . The economical activity of Purén is based in forest exploitation and agriculture...
- Renaico
- Saavedra
- TemucoTemucoTemuco is a city and commune, capital of the Cautín Province and of the Araucanía Region in southern Chile. The name comes from the Mapudungun language, meaning "temu water"; "temu" is a tree used by Mapuches for medicinal purposes. The city is located 670 km south of Santiago...
- Teodoro SchmidtTeodoro Schmidt, ChileTeodoro Schmidt is a Chilean town and commune located in Cautín Province, Araucanía Region. Teodoro Schmidt spans a coastal area of .-Demographics:...
- TolténTolténToltén is a Chilean commune located at the lower flows Toltén River at the southern coast of Cautín Province which is part of Araucanía Region...
- TraiguénTraiguénTraiguén is a Chilean city and commune in the Malleco Province, Araucanía Region.-Demographics:According to the 2002 census of the National Statistics Institute, Traiguén spans an area of and has 19,534 inhabitants . Of these, 14,140 lived in urban areas and 5,394 in rural areas...
- VictoriaVictoria, ChileVictoria is a city and commune in Malleco Province of Araucanía Region, Chile. It is the second most populous city in the province of Malleco, and is the gateway to the area known as Araucanía Andina, with attractions such as the Tolhuaca National Park , the Baths of Tolhuaca Malalcahuello National...
- VilcúnVilcúnVilcún is a Chilean town and commune in Cautín Province, Araucanía Region. The town is an important gateway for tourists visiting Conguillío National Park and Llaima volcano....
- VillarricaVillarrica, ChileVillarrica is a city and commune in southern Chile located on the western shore of Villarrica Lake in the Province of Cautín, Araucanía Region south of Santiago and close to the Villarrica Volcano ski center to the south east. Residents of Villarrica are known as Villarriquences.Tourism, grain and...
See also
- AraucanizationAraucanizationThe Araucanization of Patagonia was the process of expansion of Mapuche culture, influence and language from Araucanía into the Patagonic plains. Historians disagree in the time of the expansion but it would have occurred sometime between 1550 and 1850. Amerindian peoples such as the Puelches and...
- Arauco WarArauco WarThe Arauco War was a conflict between colonial Spaniards and the Mapuche people in what is now the Araucanía and Biobío regions of modern Chile...
- Occupation of the AraucaníaOccupation of the AraucaníaThe Occupation of Araucanía was a series of military campaigns, agreements and penetrations by the Chilean army and settlers which led to the incorporation of Araucanía into Chilean national territory...
- Kingdom of Araucania and PatagoniaKingdom of Araucania and PatagoniaThe Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia was the name of a state and kingdom created in the 19th century by a French lawyer and adventurer named Orélie-Antoine de Tounens. Orélie-Antoine de Tounens claimed the regions of Araucanía and eastern Patagonia hence the name of kingdom...
- MapucheMapucheThe Mapuche are a group of indigenous inhabitants of south-central Chile and southwestern Argentina. They constitute a wide-ranging ethnicity composed of various groups who shared a common social, religious and economic structure, as well as a common linguistic heritage. Their influence extended...
External links
- Gobierno Regional de la Araucanía Official website
- Website of the Kingdom of Araucania and Patagonia
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