Archibald (d. 1298)
Encyclopedia
Archibald was a 13th century Scottish
prelate
best known for involvement in a dispute with the Pope
.
His Flemish name could indicate a connection with the de Douglas or de Moravia families either by kinship or geography, but there is no other direct evidence of this. His origins are not known, but he was almost certainly the Archibald who was Dean of Moray
in the years before 1253.
In that year he was consecrated as the successor of Simon de Gunby
and Radulf of Lincoln
as Bishop of Moray
. Through what appears to have been a misunderstanding, Bishop Archibald confirmed the election of one Andrew de Dunn as Dean of Moray. However, the Pope had earlier or simultaneously appointed his own candidate, Nicholas de Hedon, based on an earlier reservation of the position. There was litigation at the Papal see, through which Hedon emerged victorious. Bishop Archibald, apparently concerned he had been placed in a state of excommunication
, petitioned Pope Alexander IV
and was absolved on 22 December 1255.
Bishop Archibald, like all Scottish bishops, was summonded to the Second Council of Lyon
. A provincial council at Perth
in 1273, however, exempted the Bishop of Moray as well as the Bishop of Dunkeld. Bishop Archibald was present at the Convention of Birgham
in 1290.
At some point during his episcopate, Uilleam, Mormaer of Ross, committed an outrage to the church or lands of Petty
, a church belonging to a canon
of Archibald's cathedral. In compensation, Uilleam granted the bishop some lands in Cadboll
and elsewhere in Ross
. The bishop was also involved in a dispute with Uilleam
, Mormaer of Mar, which in 1268 resulted in the latter's excommunication.
Bishop Archibald built an episcopal residence at Kinneddar
, where he resided for much of his episcopate. His episcopate lasted over 45 years, making it one of the longest in medieval Scotland
. He died on 9 December 1298.
Scottish people
The Scottish people , or Scots, are a nation and ethnic group native to Scotland. Historically they emerged from an amalgamation of the Picts and Gaels, incorporating neighbouring Britons to the south as well as invading Germanic peoples such as the Anglo-Saxons and the Norse.In modern use,...
prelate
Prelate
A prelate is a high-ranking member of the clergy who is an ordinary or who ranks in precedence with ordinaries. The word derives from the Latin prælatus, the past participle of præferre, which means "carry before", "be set above or over" or "prefer"; hence, a prelate is one set over others.-Related...
best known for involvement in a dispute with the Pope
Pope
The Pope is the Bishop of Rome, a position that makes him the leader of the worldwide Catholic Church . In the Catholic Church, the Pope is regarded as the successor of Saint Peter, the Apostle...
.
His Flemish name could indicate a connection with the de Douglas or de Moravia families either by kinship or geography, but there is no other direct evidence of this. His origins are not known, but he was almost certainly the Archibald who was Dean of Moray
Dean of Moray
The Dean of Moray was the head of the cathedral chapter of the diocese of Moray, north-central Scotland, based at Elgin Cathedral. The diocese of Moray is first known to have had a dean from a document dating between 1207 and 1208, and its first dean known by name from a document dating between...
in the years before 1253.
In that year he was consecrated as the successor of Simon de Gunby
Simon de Gunby
Simon was a 13th century prelate based in Moray, Scotland. Professor Donald Watt has shown , through the extrapolation of indirect evidence, that his surname was almost certainly "de Gunby"....
and Radulf of Lincoln
Radulf of Lincoln
Radulf or Ralph was a canon of the Bishopric of Lincoln. Following the death of Simon de Gunby, Bishop of Moray, he was elected to be the new Bishop. This occurred in 1252....
as Bishop of Moray
Bishop of Moray
The Bishop of Moray or Bishop of Elgin was the ecclesiastical head of the Diocese of Moray in northern Scotland, one of Scotland's 13 medieval bishoprics...
. Through what appears to have been a misunderstanding, Bishop Archibald confirmed the election of one Andrew de Dunn as Dean of Moray. However, the Pope had earlier or simultaneously appointed his own candidate, Nicholas de Hedon, based on an earlier reservation of the position. There was litigation at the Papal see, through which Hedon emerged victorious. Bishop Archibald, apparently concerned he had been placed in a state of excommunication
Excommunication
Excommunication is a religious censure used to deprive, suspend or limit membership in a religious community. The word means putting [someone] out of communion. In some religions, excommunication includes spiritual condemnation of the member or group...
, petitioned Pope Alexander IV
Pope Alexander IV
Pope Alexander IV was Pope from 1254 until his death.Born as Rinaldo di Jenne, in Jenne , he was, on his mother's side, a member of the de' Conti di Segni family, the counts of Segni, like Pope Innocent III and Pope Gregory IX...
and was absolved on 22 December 1255.
Bishop Archibald, like all Scottish bishops, was summonded to the Second Council of Lyon
Second Council of Lyon
The Second Council of Lyon was the fourteenth ecumenical council of the Catholic Church, convoked on 31 March 1272 and convened in Lyon, France, in 1274. Pope Gregory X presided over the council, called to act on a pledge by Byzantine emperor Michael VIII to reunite the Eastern church with the West...
. A provincial council at Perth
Perth, Scotland
Perth is a town and former city and royal burgh in central Scotland. Located on the banks of the River Tay, it is the administrative centre of Perth and Kinross council area and the historic county town of Perthshire...
in 1273, however, exempted the Bishop of Moray as well as the Bishop of Dunkeld. Bishop Archibald was present at the Convention of Birgham
Treaty of Birgham
The Treaty of Birgham, also referred to as the Treaty of Salisbury, comprised two treaties intended to secure the independence of Scotland after Alexander III died without issue in 1286....
in 1290.
At some point during his episcopate, Uilleam, Mormaer of Ross, committed an outrage to the church or lands of Petty
Petty
-People:* Adam Petty , American race car driver and son of Kyle Petty* Bruce Petty , Australian political satirist and cartoonist* Dini Petty , Canadian television and radio host* George Petty , American pin-up artist...
, a church belonging to a canon
Canon (priest)
A canon is a priest or minister who is a member of certain bodies of the Christian clergy subject to an ecclesiastical rule ....
of Archibald's cathedral. In compensation, Uilleam granted the bishop some lands in Cadboll
Hilton of Cadboll
Hilton of Cadboll, or simply Hilton, is a village about southeast of Tain in Easter Ross, is in the Scottish council area of Highland It is famous for the Hilton of Cadboll Stone....
and elsewhere in Ross
Ross
Ross is a region of Scotland and a former mormaerdom, earldom, sheriffdom and county. The name Ross allegedly derives from a Gaelic word meaning a headland - perhaps a reference to the Black Isle. The Norse word for Orkney - Hrossay meaning horse island - is another possible origin. The area...
. The bishop was also involved in a dispute with Uilleam
Uilleam, Earl of Mar
Uilleam of Mar - Uilleam mac Dhonnchaidh - was perhaps the greatest of the Mar mormaers, ruling Mar from 1244 to 1276....
, Mormaer of Mar, which in 1268 resulted in the latter's excommunication.
Bishop Archibald built an episcopal residence at Kinneddar
Kinneddar Castle
Kinneddar Castle in Moray, Scotland was the residence of the bishops of Moray from c.1187 and its first documented incumbent was Bishop Richard . Bishop Archibald enlarged or rebuilt the castle in c. 1280 and it continued to be used by the bishops until the late 14th century...
, where he resided for much of his episcopate. His episcopate lasted over 45 years, making it one of the longest in medieval Scotland
Medieval Scotland
*Scotland in the Early Middle Ages*Scotland in the High Middle Ages*Scotland in the Late Middle Ages...
. He died on 9 December 1298.