Autorité organisatrice de transport urbain
Encyclopedia
In France
, an } (AOTU, "Urban Transport Organisation Authority") is a type of Autorité organisatrice de transports
(AOT) for urban areas.
An AOTU provides the co-ordination of the urban public transport
network within its area, known as the (PTU, "Urban transport perimeter"). To do so it receives funds raised via a transport tax on local businesses called the versement transport
(VT).
There are several types of legal structure which these organisations by which AOTUs may be governed Traditionally, urban public transport was organised by the French communes, especially in the south of France. In 1999, commune-based organisations represented over 30% of all AOTUs. Since the 1970s, however, AOTs have tended to combine across communes, with the creation of numerous (SIVUs, "Inter-commune single-purpose syndicates") with a remit only for the direction of urban transport. Between the end of the 1970s and 1999, 20% to 30% of AOTUs were SIVUs.
In 2004, some years after the adoption of the 1999 ("Law for the improvement and simplification of inter-communal cooperation"), usually known as the , the most common structure for AOTUs were as ("Agglomeration communities"), at 43% of the total, with ("Communities of communes") making up 12% and ("Urban communities") making up 5% of all AOTUs. Additionally, mixed syndicates represented 12% of the total in 2004, when SIVUs (8%) and (SIVOMs, "Inter-commune multi-purpose syndicates") (1%) were being phased out. By 2004, 18% of all AOTUs were communes.
An AOTU can run the transport service itself (a ) or contract it out to another transport operator. Contractual relations between the AOTU and the contractor can also taken many different forms: for example as a or a . According to the (GART, "Transport Authorities Group"), in 2004 91% of public transport networks were implemented under contract and only 9% operated in-house.
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
, an } (AOTU, "Urban Transport Organisation Authority") is a type of Autorité organisatrice de transports
Autorité organisatrice de transports
In France, an , usually abbreviated , is one of the local government bodies implementing the 1982 law for the organisation of transportation in France....
(AOT) for urban areas.
An AOTU provides the co-ordination of the urban public transport
Public transport
Public transport is a shared passenger transportation service which is available for use by the general public, as distinct from modes such as taxicab, car pooling or hired buses which are not shared by strangers without private arrangement.Public transport modes include buses, trolleybuses, trams...
network within its area, known as the (PTU, "Urban transport perimeter"). To do so it receives funds raised via a transport tax on local businesses called the versement transport
Versement transport
In France, the versement transport is a hypothecated local tax levied on the total gross salaries of all employees of companies of more than nine employees, originally intended to raise capital for investment in local public transport infrastructure, but more and more used to cover its operating...
(VT).
There are several types of legal structure which these organisations by which AOTUs may be governed Traditionally, urban public transport was organised by the French communes, especially in the south of France. In 1999, commune-based organisations represented over 30% of all AOTUs. Since the 1970s, however, AOTs have tended to combine across communes, with the creation of numerous (SIVUs, "Inter-commune single-purpose syndicates") with a remit only for the direction of urban transport. Between the end of the 1970s and 1999, 20% to 30% of AOTUs were SIVUs.
In 2004, some years after the adoption of the 1999 ("Law for the improvement and simplification of inter-communal cooperation"), usually known as the , the most common structure for AOTUs were as ("Agglomeration communities"), at 43% of the total, with ("Communities of communes") making up 12% and ("Urban communities") making up 5% of all AOTUs. Additionally, mixed syndicates represented 12% of the total in 2004, when SIVUs (8%) and (SIVOMs, "Inter-commune multi-purpose syndicates") (1%) were being phased out. By 2004, 18% of all AOTUs were communes.
An AOTU can run the transport service itself (a ) or contract it out to another transport operator. Contractual relations between the AOTU and the contractor can also taken many different forms: for example as a or a . According to the (GART, "Transport Authorities Group"), in 2004 91% of public transport networks were implemented under contract and only 9% operated in-house.