Behaghel's laws
Encyclopedia
Behaghel’s Laws describe the basic principles of the position of words and phrases in a sentence. They were formulated by the Linguist Otto Behaghel
in the last volume of his four volume work Deutsche Syntax: Eine geschichtliche Darstellung (published 1923-1932).
They include the following cross-language principles:
It is thus ensured that the utterances that the speaker finds important will remain in the thoughts of the listener, in that they are at the end of the sentence. From Behaghel’s Laws evolved the later Theme-rheme. They serve together with other of his topics as suggestions for research in Quantitative Linguistics
.
Behaghel's law of increasing terms is also known as "Panini's Law" after the Sanskrit grammarian. This name was introduced by William Cooper and John Ross
(1975) in their study of English set phrases.
English examples include "free and easy", "lock, stock and barrel", "kit and (ca)boodle", etc.
Michael O'Connor (1978) has observed a similar statistical preference in the case of Biblical Hebrew poetry.
Otto Behaghel
Otto Behaghel was a germanist and professor in Heidelberg, Basel, and Gießen.He added theoretical contributions to the German and Middle High German language. He formulated Behaghel's laws...
in the last volume of his four volume work Deutsche Syntax: Eine geschichtliche Darstellung (published 1923-1932).
They include the following cross-language principles:
- Elements that belong close together intellectually will also be placed close together (Behaghel’s First Law)
- That which is less important (or already known to the listener) is placed before that which is important. (Behaghel’s Second Law)
- The distinguishing phrase precedes that which is distinguished.
- Given two phrases, when possible, the shorter precedes the longer. (Law of Increasing Terms (or Constituents))
It is thus ensured that the utterances that the speaker finds important will remain in the thoughts of the listener, in that they are at the end of the sentence. From Behaghel’s Laws evolved the later Theme-rheme. They serve together with other of his topics as suggestions for research in Quantitative Linguistics
Quantitative linguistics
Quantitative linguistics is a sub-discipline of general linguistics and, more specifically, of mathematical linguistics. Quantitative Linguistics deals with language learning, language change, and application as well as structure of natural languages...
.
Behaghel's law of increasing terms is also known as "Panini's Law" after the Sanskrit grammarian. This name was introduced by William Cooper and John Ross
John R. Ross
John Robert "Haj" Ross is a linguist who played a part in the development of generative semantics along with George Lakoff, James D. McCawley, and Paul Postal...
(1975) in their study of English set phrases.
English examples include "free and easy", "lock, stock and barrel", "kit and (ca)boodle", etc.
Michael O'Connor (1978) has observed a similar statistical preference in the case of Biblical Hebrew poetry.