Börtala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture
Encyclopedia
Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture (Mongolian
cyrillic
: Борталын Монгол өөртөө засах жөү; ; ), short for Bortala , is a Mongol autonomous prefecture in Xinjiang
Uyghur Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China
. It has an area of 27,000 square kilometers. Bole
is its capital. "Bortala" comes from the Mongolian language
, and means "brown grasslands".
Bortala is located in the southwestern part of the Dzungarian Basin. It borders Kazakhstan
to the north and west, and has an international border of 385 km. To the east it borders Wusu
City and Toli County
of Tacheng Prefecture
; to the south it borders Nilka County
, Yining County
, and Huocheng County
of Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture
.
The prefecture has two large lakes, Ebi-Nur and Sayram Lake.
, Bole
, and two counties: Jinghe County
and Wenquan County
. In addition, it is home to the Fifth Agricultural Division of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps
and its 11 regiment-level farms / ranches.
}
|Jing Nahiyisi
|130,000
|11,189
|12
|----------
|3
|Wenquan County
|温泉县
|Wēnquán Xiàn
|
|Arishang Nahiyisi
|70,000
|5,905
|12
|}
created the Shuanghe Protectorate (双河都督府) in this area. During the Yuan Dynasty
and Ming Dynasty
the area was the territory of the Oirat
s. During the Qing Dynasty
, Chahar Mongols were moved here from Kalgan
, as well as Torghuud Oirats
moving eastwards from the Volga.
The People's Republic of China
established the autonomous prefecture on July 13, 1954.
. 67% of the 424,300 inhabitants are Han Chinese
, while the remainder are Mongol, Uyghur
, Kazakh
, Hui, or of other nationalities.
of 3.69 billion Renminbi
(including the XPCC 5th division), an increase of 11.9% over the previous year. Annual total imports and exports totalled US$
554 million, an increase of 96.8% over the previous year. Average annual salary was 11000 Renminbi
, an increase of 7.6%; average annual pure income per capita for agricultural workers was 3904 Renminbi
, an increase of 10.8%.
is a port of entry
with both railroads and road
s linking China with Kazakhstan
; it is also one of China's national first-class port of entry (国家一类口岸). The volume of imports / exports passing through Alashankou accounts for 90% of the total for all of Xinjiang, and has been second to only Manzhouli
, Inner Mongolia
among land ports-of-entry in China for 8 days.
Mongolian language
The Mongolian language is the official language of Mongolia and the best-known member of the Mongolic language family. The number of speakers across all its dialects may be 5.2 million, including the vast majority of the residents of Mongolia and many of the Mongolian residents of the Inner...
cyrillic
Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet
The Mongolian Cyrillic script is the writing system used for the Khalkha dialect of the Mongolian language as the standard dialect of the modern state of Mongolia. Cyrillic has not been adopted by the Khalkha in the Inner Mongolia region of China, who still use the Mongolian script.Mongolian...
: Борталын Монгол өөртөө засах жөү; ; ), short for Bortala , is a Mongol autonomous prefecture in Xinjiang
Xinjiang
Xinjiang is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China. It is the largest Chinese administrative division and spans over 1.6 million km2...
Uyghur Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China
China , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...
. It has an area of 27,000 square kilometers. Bole
Bole, Xinjiang
Bole or Bortala is a county-level city in Xinjiang. The area is 7517 km² and the total population is 403,700 . Bortala means "brown grasslands/steppe" in Mongolian. Bortala is the seat of Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, which borders to Kazakhstan. Bortala has a railway and highway...
is its capital. "Bortala" comes from the Mongolian language
Mongolian language
The Mongolian language is the official language of Mongolia and the best-known member of the Mongolic language family. The number of speakers across all its dialects may be 5.2 million, including the vast majority of the residents of Mongolia and many of the Mongolian residents of the Inner...
, and means "brown grasslands".
Geography
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan , officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Ranked as the ninth largest country in the world, it is also the world's largest landlocked country; its territory of is greater than Western Europe...
to the north and west, and has an international border of 385 km. To the east it borders Wusu
Wusu
Wusu can also refer to Taiyuan Wusu Airport.Wusu is a county-level city with more than 100,000 residents in Xinjiang. It is a part of Tacheng Prefecture of Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture. Wusu is a city, where oil-production is a major part of the economy...
City and Toli County
Toli County
Toli County is a county situated in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Tacheng Prefecture.It has an area of 19,982 km² with a population of 90,000. The Postcode is 834500....
of Tacheng Prefecture
Tacheng Prefecture
Tacheng Prefecture is located in northern Xinjiang, China. It has an area of 98,824 km² and a population of 892,397 . It is a part of Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture. The prefecture level city of Karamay forms a separate enclave in the middle of Tacheng.- Subdivisions :Tacheng prefecture is...
; to the south it borders Nilka County
Nilka County
The Nilka County is a county situated within the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture. It contains an area of 10,121 km2. According to the 2002 census, it has a population of 150,000....
, Yining County
Yining County
The Yining County is a county within the Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China. The county seat is in the town of Jiliyuzi ....
, and Huocheng County
Huocheng County
The Huocheng County is situated within the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and under the administration of the Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture. It's located between Yining and the border to Kazakhstan, occupies an area of 5,466 km² and has a population of 360,000...
of Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture
Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture
Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture , in northernmost Xinjiang, is the only Kazakh autonomous prefecture of the People's Republic of China.-Geography and coordinates:The following figures excludes both Tacheng Prefecture and Altay Prefecture....
.
The prefecture has two large lakes, Ebi-Nur and Sayram Lake.
Administrative divisions
Bortala is divided into one county-level cityCounty-level city
A county-level city is a county-level administrative division of mainland China. County-level cities are usually governed by prefecture-level divisions, but a few are governed directly by province-level divisions....
, Bole
Bole, Xinjiang
Bole or Bortala is a county-level city in Xinjiang. The area is 7517 km² and the total population is 403,700 . Bortala means "brown grasslands/steppe" in Mongolian. Bortala is the seat of Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, which borders to Kazakhstan. Bortala has a railway and highway...
, and two counties: Jinghe County
Jinghe County
The Jinghe County is a county within the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Börtala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture. It contains an area of...
and Wenquan County
Wenquan County
The Wenquan County is a county within the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Börtala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture. It contains an area of 5,900 km2. According to the 2002 census, it has a population of 70,000....
. In addition, it is home to the Fifth Agricultural Division of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps
Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps
The Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps , known as XPCC, the PCC or Bingtuan for short, is a unique economic and semi-military governmental organization in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. The XPCC has administrative authority over several medium-sized...
and its 11 regiment-level farms / ranches.
| # | Name | Hanzi | Hanyu Pinyin | Uyghur Uyghur language Uyghur , formerly known as Eastern Turk, is a Turkic language with 8 to 11 million speakers, spoken primarily by the Uyghur people in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of Western China. Significant communities of Uyghur-speakers are located in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, and various other... |
Population (2003 est.) | Area (km²) | Density (/km²) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bole City Bole, Xinjiang Bole or Bortala is a county-level city in Xinjiang. The area is 7517 km² and the total population is 403,700 . Bortala means "brown grasslands/steppe" in Mongolian. Bortala is the seat of Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, which borders to Kazakhstan. Bortala has a railway and highway... |
博乐市 | Bólè Shì | Börtala Shehiri | 250,000 | 7,802 | 32 | |
| 2 | Jinghe County Jinghe County The Jinghe County is a county within the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Börtala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture. It contains an area of... |
精河县 | Jīnghé Xiàn |
|Jing Nahiyisi
|130,000
|11,189
|12
|----------
|3
|Wenquan County
Wenquan County
The Wenquan County is a county within the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Börtala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture. It contains an area of 5,900 km2. According to the 2002 census, it has a population of 70,000....
|温泉县
|Wēnquán Xiàn
|
|Arishang Nahiyisi
|70,000
|5,905
|12
|}
History
The Tang DynastyTang Dynasty
The Tang Dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. It was founded by the Li family, who seized power during the decline and collapse of the Sui Empire...
created the Shuanghe Protectorate (双河都督府) in this area. During the Yuan Dynasty
Yuan Dynasty
The Yuan Dynasty , or Great Yuan Empire was a ruling dynasty founded by the Mongol leader Kublai Khan, who ruled most of present-day China, all of modern Mongolia and its surrounding areas, lasting officially from 1271 to 1368. It is considered both as a division of the Mongol Empire and as an...
and Ming Dynasty
Ming Dynasty
The Ming Dynasty, also Empire of the Great Ming, was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty. The Ming, "one of the greatest eras of orderly government and social stability in human history", was the last dynasty in China ruled by ethnic...
the area was the territory of the Oirat
Oirats
Oirats are the westernmost group of the Mongols who unified several tribes origin whose ancestral home is in the Altai region of western Mongolia. Although the Oirats originated in the eastern parts of Central Asia, the most prominent group today is located in the Republic of Kalmykia, a federal...
s. During the Qing Dynasty
Qing Dynasty
The Qing Dynasty was the last dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917. It was preceded by the Ming Dynasty and followed by the Republic of China....
, Chahar Mongols were moved here from Kalgan
Zhangjiakou
Zhangjiakou, also known also by several other names, is a prefecture-level city in northwestern Hebei province of North China, adjacent to Beijing to the southeast. Its administrative area has a population of 4.35 million, and covers...
, as well as Torghuud Oirats
Oirats
Oirats are the westernmost group of the Mongols who unified several tribes origin whose ancestral home is in the Altai region of western Mongolia. Although the Oirats originated in the eastern parts of Central Asia, the most prominent group today is located in the Republic of Kalmykia, a federal...
moving eastwards from the Volga.
The People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China
China , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...
established the autonomous prefecture on July 13, 1954.
Demographics
There are 35 nationalities in BortalaBörtala
Bortala may refer to:#Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, a prefecture in Xinjiang, China#Bole, Xinjiang, a city in Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture...
. 67% of the 424,300 inhabitants are Han Chinese
Han Chinese
Han Chinese are an ethnic group native to China and are the largest single ethnic group in the world.Han Chinese constitute about 92% of the population of the People's Republic of China , 98% of the population of the Republic of China , 78% of the population of Singapore, and about 20% of the...
, while the remainder are Mongol, Uyghur
Uyghur people
The Uyghur are a Turkic ethnic group living in Eastern and Central Asia. Today, Uyghurs live primarily in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in the People's Republic of China...
, Kazakh
Kazakhs
The Kazakhs are a Turkic people of the northern parts of Central Asia ....
, Hui, or of other nationalities.
Economy
In 2004 the prefecture had a total gross domestic productGross domestic product
Gross domestic product refers to the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period. GDP per capita is often considered an indicator of a country's standard of living....
of 3.69 billion Renminbi
Renminbi
The Renminbi is the official currency of the People's Republic of China . Renminbi is legal tender in mainland China, but not in Hong Kong or Macau. It is issued by the People's Bank of China, the monetary authority of the PRC...
(including the XPCC 5th division), an increase of 11.9% over the previous year. Annual total imports and exports totalled US$
United States dollar
The United States dollar , also referred to as the American dollar, is the official currency of the United States of America. It is divided into 100 smaller units called cents or pennies....
554 million, an increase of 96.8% over the previous year. Average annual salary was 11000 Renminbi
Renminbi
The Renminbi is the official currency of the People's Republic of China . Renminbi is legal tender in mainland China, but not in Hong Kong or Macau. It is issued by the People's Bank of China, the monetary authority of the PRC...
, an increase of 7.6%; average annual pure income per capita for agricultural workers was 3904 Renminbi
Renminbi
The Renminbi is the official currency of the People's Republic of China . Renminbi is legal tender in mainland China, but not in Hong Kong or Macau. It is issued by the People's Bank of China, the monetary authority of the PRC...
, an increase of 10.8%.
Transport
AlashankouAlashankou
Alashankou or Alataw Pass is a border town in Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China. It is a port of entry by both railroad and highway from Kazakhstan as part of the Eurasian Land Bridge. The town is named after the Dzungarian Gate , a pass connecting...
is a port of entry
Port of entry
In general, a port of entry is a place where one may lawfully enter a country. It typically has a staff of people who check passports and visas and inspect luggage to assure that contraband is not imported. International airports are usually ports of entry, as are road and rail crossings on a...
with both railroads and road
Road
A road is a thoroughfare, route, or way on land between two places, which typically has been paved or otherwise improved to allow travel by some conveyance, including a horse, cart, or motor vehicle. Roads consist of one, or sometimes two, roadways each with one or more lanes and also any...
s linking China with Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan , officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Ranked as the ninth largest country in the world, it is also the world's largest landlocked country; its territory of is greater than Western Europe...
; it is also one of China's national first-class port of entry (国家一类口岸). The volume of imports / exports passing through Alashankou accounts for 90% of the total for all of Xinjiang, and has been second to only Manzhouli
Manzhouli
- Administration :Manzhouli is divided into ten subdistricts and one town. Six of the subdistricts of Manzhouli are grouped into a district. Technically however, only a prefecture-level city can have districts, so Manzhouli's lone district is not officially listed.- History :In ancient times the...
, Inner Mongolia
Inner Mongolia
Inner Mongolia is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China, located in the northern region of the country. Inner Mongolia shares an international border with the countries of Mongolia and the Russian Federation...
among land ports-of-entry in China for 8 days.