Canon de 24 de Vallière
Encyclopedia
The Canon de 24 de Vallière was a type of cannon designed by the French officer Florent-Jean de Vallière
( 1667-1759), Director-General of the Battalions and Schools of the Artillery.
The cannon was a result of the Royal Ordonnance of October 7, 1732, edicted to reorganize and standardize the King's artillery.
Whereas numerous formats and designs had been in place in the French army, De Vallière standardized the French sizes in artillery pieces, by allowing only for the production of 24, 12, 8 and 4 pound guns, mortars of 13 and 9 inches, and stone-throwing mortars of 16 inches. The 24-pdr was the largest caliber available to French artillery in this system.
The cannon used core drilling of the bore of cannons founded in one piece of bronze
, a method developed at that time by Jean Maritz
, which allowed for much higher precision of the bore shape and surface, and therefore higher shooting efficiency.
As with other de Valliere guns, the 24-pdr was also highly decorated and contained numerous designs and inscriptions.
", the Grand Maître de l'artillerie de France (Grand Master of the Artillery of France), followed by a royal emblem. In the middle of the cannon are trunnions, used to position the gun in place and elevate or depress it. On top of the trunnions are dolphin-shaped ornaments, which are used in lifting the gun.
", meaning that the King is "Not unequal to many (suns)". This is followed by the royal crest of the Bourbon dynasty. At the bottom of the gun, the location and date of manufacture are inscribed (in the example "Strasbourg, 1745"), and finally the name and title of the founder (in the example "Fondu par Jean Maritz
, Commissaire des Fontes de France"). The cascabel
is decorated with an animal face showing the rating of the gun (the lion head for a 24-pounder).
Florent-Jean de Vallière
Florent-Jean de Vallière was a French artillery officer of the 18th century. He was lieutenant-general of the King's Armies. In 1726, de Vallière became Director-General of the Battalions and Schools of the Artillery....
( 1667-1759), Director-General of the Battalions and Schools of the Artillery.
The cannon was a result of the Royal Ordonnance of October 7, 1732, edicted to reorganize and standardize the King's artillery.
The cannon used core drilling of the bore of cannons founded in one piece of bronze
Bronze
Bronze is a metal alloy consisting primarily of copper, usually with tin as the main additive. It is hard and brittle, and it was particularly significant in antiquity, so much so that the Bronze Age was named after the metal...
, a method developed at that time by Jean Maritz
Jean Maritz
Jean Maritz , also Johan Maritz, was a Swiss inventor, born in Burgdorf, Canton of Bern, who moved to France, becoming "Commissaire des Fontes" at Strasbourg , and invented the vertical drilling machine, as well as the horizontal drilling machine for cannons in the 18th century...
, which allowed for much higher precision of the bore shape and surface, and therefore higher shooting efficiency.
As with other de Valliere guns, the 24-pdr was also highly decorated and contained numerous designs and inscriptions.
Front part
Starting with the front part, the gun had a sight design at it extremity. The followed the name of the gun (here Uranie). Then , a Latin phrase "Ultima Ratio Regum", initially introduced by Louis XIV, and rather descriptive of the role of the gun: "The Last Argument of the King". Under that appears the name "Louis Charles de Bourbon, Comte d'Eu, Duc d'AumaleLouis-Charles, Count of Eu
Louis Charles de Bourbon, Count of Eu was a grandson of Louis XIV of France and his Maîtresse-en-titre Françoise-Athénaïs de Montespan. He was a member of the legitimised house of Bourbon du Maine...
", the Grand Maître de l'artillerie de France (Grand Master of the Artillery of France), followed by a royal emblem. In the middle of the cannon are trunnions, used to position the gun in place and elevate or depress it. On top of the trunnions are dolphin-shaped ornaments, which are used in lifting the gun.
Back part
The back part consists in, sometimes, an inscription showing the weight of the cannon ball (for example a "4" for a 4-pounder), followed by a Latin inscription "Nec pluribus imparNec pluribus impar
Nec pluribus impar is a Latin motto adopted by Louis XIV of France from 1658. It was often inscribed together with the symbol of the "Sun King": a head within rays of sunlight.-Meaning:...
", meaning that the King is "Not unequal to many (suns)". This is followed by the royal crest of the Bourbon dynasty. At the bottom of the gun, the location and date of manufacture are inscribed (in the example "Strasbourg, 1745"), and finally the name and title of the founder (in the example "Fondu par Jean Maritz
Jean Maritz
Jean Maritz , also Johan Maritz, was a Swiss inventor, born in Burgdorf, Canton of Bern, who moved to France, becoming "Commissaire des Fontes" at Strasbourg , and invented the vertical drilling machine, as well as the horizontal drilling machine for cannons in the 18th century...
, Commissaire des Fontes de France"). The cascabel
Cascabel (artillery)
A cascabel is a subassembly of a muzzle loading cannon - a place to attach arresting ropes to deal with the recoil of firing the cannon.Generally comprising the knob and the neck , with particular models also featuring a filet . By some definitions, the cascabel additionally includes the base of...
is decorated with an animal face showing the rating of the gun (the lion head for a 24-pounder).