Captain Stormfield's Visit to Heaven
Encyclopedia
"Captain Stormfield's Visit to Heaven" is a short story written by American
writer Mark Twain
, published in 1909. This was the last story published by Twain.
, who according to Twain become as distant to most people in heaven as living celebrities are on Earth
. Twain uses this story to show his view that the common conception of heaven is ludicrous and points out the incongruities of such belief
s.
A lot of the description of Heaven
is given by the character Sandy McWilliams, a cranberry
farmer who is very experienced in the ways of heaven. Sandy gives Stormfield, a newcomer, the description in the form of a conversational question-and-answer session. The heaven described by him is similar to the conventional Christian
heaven, but includes a larger version of all the locations on Earth, as well as of everywhere in the universe
. All civilized life-forms from all planet
s travel to heaven, often through interplanetary space
, and land at a particular gate, which is reserved for people from that planet. Each newcomer must thereafter give his name and planet of origin to a gatekeeper, who sends him in to heaven. Once inside, the person spends eternity
living as it thinks best, usually according to its true (sometimes undiscovered) talent. According to one of the characters, a cobbler who "has the soul of a poet in him won't have to make shoes here", implying that he would instead turn to poetry
and achieve perfection in it. On special occasions, a procession of the greatest people in history is formed, including Buddha
, William Shakespeare
, Homer
, Mohammed, and several unknown people whose talents far exceeded those of the world's pivotal figures, but were never famous.
As Stormfield proceeds through heaven, he learns that the conventional image of angel
s as winged, white-robed figures bearing halo
es, harp
s, and palm leaves is a mere illusion generated for the benefit of humans, who mistake "figurative language" for accurate description; that all of heaven's denizens choose their ages
, thus aligning themselves with the time of life at which they were most content; that anything desired is awarded to its seeker, if it does not violate any prohibition; that the prohibitions themselves are different from those envisioned on Earth; that each of the Earthlike regions of heaven includes every human being who has ever lived in it; that families are not always together forever, because of decisions made by those who have died first; that white skinned people are a minority in Heaven; etc.
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
writer Mark Twain
Mark Twain
Samuel Langhorne Clemens , better known by his pen name Mark Twain, was an American author and humorist...
, published in 1909. This was the last story published by Twain.
Description and Plot Outline
The story follows Captain Elias Stormfield on his extremely long cosmic journey to heaven; his accidental misplacement; his short-lived interest in singing and playing the harp (generated by his preconceptions of heaven); and the obsession of souls with the "celebrities" of heaven, like Adam and MosesMoses
Moses was, according to the Hebrew Bible and Qur'an, a religious leader, lawgiver and prophet, to whom the authorship of the Torah is traditionally attributed...
, who according to Twain become as distant to most people in heaven as living celebrities are on Earth
Earth
Earth is the third planet from the Sun, and the densest and fifth-largest of the eight planets in the Solar System. It is also the largest of the Solar System's four terrestrial planets...
. Twain uses this story to show his view that the common conception of heaven is ludicrous and points out the incongruities of such belief
Belief
Belief is the psychological state in which an individual holds a proposition or premise to be true.-Belief, knowledge and epistemology:The terms belief and knowledge are used differently in philosophy....
s.
A lot of the description of Heaven
Heaven
Heaven, the Heavens or Seven Heavens, is a common religious cosmological or metaphysical term for the physical or transcendent place from which heavenly beings originate, are enthroned or inhabit...
is given by the character Sandy McWilliams, a cranberry
Cranberry
Cranberries are a group of evergreen dwarf shrubs or trailing vines in the subgenus Oxycoccus of the genus Vaccinium. In some methods of classification, Oxycoccus is regarded as a genus in its own right...
farmer who is very experienced in the ways of heaven. Sandy gives Stormfield, a newcomer, the description in the form of a conversational question-and-answer session. The heaven described by him is similar to the conventional Christian
Christian
A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as recorded in the Canonical gospels and the letters of the New Testament...
heaven, but includes a larger version of all the locations on Earth, as well as of everywhere in the universe
Universe
The Universe is commonly defined as the totality of everything that exists, including all matter and energy, the planets, stars, galaxies, and the contents of intergalactic space. Definitions and usage vary and similar terms include the cosmos, the world and nature...
. All civilized life-forms from all planet
Planet
A planet is a celestial body orbiting a star or stellar remnant that is massive enough to be rounded by its own gravity, is not massive enough to cause thermonuclear fusion, and has cleared its neighbouring region of planetesimals.The term planet is ancient, with ties to history, science,...
s travel to heaven, often through interplanetary space
Space
Space is the boundless, three-dimensional extent in which objects and events occur and have relative position and direction. Physical space is often conceived in three linear dimensions, although modern physicists usually consider it, with time, to be part of a boundless four-dimensional continuum...
, and land at a particular gate, which is reserved for people from that planet. Each newcomer must thereafter give his name and planet of origin to a gatekeeper, who sends him in to heaven. Once inside, the person spends eternity
Eternity
While in the popular mind, eternity often simply means existence for a limitless amount of time, many have used it to refer to a timeless existence altogether outside time. By contrast, infinite temporal existence is then called sempiternity. Something eternal exists outside time; by contrast,...
living as it thinks best, usually according to its true (sometimes undiscovered) talent. According to one of the characters, a cobbler who "has the soul of a poet in him won't have to make shoes here", implying that he would instead turn to poetry
Poetry
Poetry is a form of literary art in which language is used for its aesthetic and evocative qualities in addition to, or in lieu of, its apparent meaning...
and achieve perfection in it. On special occasions, a procession of the greatest people in history is formed, including Buddha
Gautama Buddha
Siddhārtha Gautama was a spiritual teacher from the Indian subcontinent, on whose teachings Buddhism was founded. In most Buddhist traditions, he is regarded as the Supreme Buddha Siddhārtha Gautama (Sanskrit: सिद्धार्थ गौतम; Pali: Siddhattha Gotama) was a spiritual teacher from the Indian...
, William Shakespeare
William Shakespeare
William Shakespeare was an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon"...
, Homer
Homer
In the Western classical tradition Homer , is the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey, and is revered as the greatest ancient Greek epic poet. These epics lie at the beginning of the Western canon of literature, and have had an enormous influence on the history of literature.When he lived is...
, Mohammed, and several unknown people whose talents far exceeded those of the world's pivotal figures, but were never famous.
As Stormfield proceeds through heaven, he learns that the conventional image of angel
Angel
Angels are mythical beings often depicted as messengers of God in the Hebrew and Christian Bibles along with the Quran. The English word angel is derived from the Greek ἄγγελος, a translation of in the Hebrew Bible ; a similar term, ملائكة , is used in the Qur'an...
s as winged, white-robed figures bearing halo
Halo (religious iconography)
A halo is a ring of light that surrounds a person in art. They have been used in the iconography of many religions to indicate holy or sacred figures, and have at various periods also been used in images of rulers or heroes...
es, harp
Harp
The harp is a multi-stringed instrument which has the plane of its strings positioned perpendicularly to the soundboard. Organologically, it is in the general category of chordophones and has its own sub category . All harps have a neck, resonator and strings...
s, and palm leaves is a mere illusion generated for the benefit of humans, who mistake "figurative language" for accurate description; that all of heaven's denizens choose their ages
Ageing
Ageing or aging is the accumulation of changes in a person over time. Ageing in humans refers to a multidimensional process of physical, psychological, and social change. Some dimensions of ageing grow and expand over time, while others decline...
, thus aligning themselves with the time of life at which they were most content; that anything desired is awarded to its seeker, if it does not violate any prohibition; that the prohibitions themselves are different from those envisioned on Earth; that each of the Earthlike regions of heaven includes every human being who has ever lived in it; that families are not always together forever, because of decisions made by those who have died first; that white skinned people are a minority in Heaven; etc.