Celia M. Hunter
Encyclopedia
Celia Hunter was an American environmentalist
Environmentalist
An environmentalist broadly supports the goals of the environmental movement, "a political and ethical movement that seeks to improve and protect the quality of the natural environment through changes to environmentally harmful human activities"...
and conservationist
Conservationist
Conservationists are proponents or advocates of conservation. They advocate for the protection of all the species in an ecosystem with a strong focus on the natural environment...
. She was conferred the highest award by the Sierra Club
Sierra Club
The Sierra Club is the oldest, largest, and most influential grassroots environmental organization in the United States. It was founded on May 28, 1892, in San Francisco, California, by the conservationist and preservationist John Muir, who became its first president...
, The John Muir Award
Sierra Club John Muir Award
The Sierra Club John Muir Award is awarded annually by the Sierra Club. It is the club's highest award. According to the Sierra Club, "it honors a distinguished record of leadership in national conservation causes, such as continuing John Muir's work of preservation and establishment of parks and...
, in 1991. She was presented the highest award by the Wilderness Society
The Wilderness Society (United States)
The Wilderness Society is an American organization that is dedicated to protecting America's wilderness. It was formed in 1935 and currently has over 300,000 members and supporters.-Founding:The society was incorporated on January 21, 1935...
, The Robert Marshall Award, in 1998.
Early life
Celia M. Hunter was born in 1919 in Washington State and was raised a Quaker on a small farm during the Great DepressionGreat Depression
The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. The timing of the Great Depression varied across nations, but in most countries it started in about 1929 and lasted until the late 1930s or early 1940s...
. Being raised a Quaker instilled values in her that she carried throughout her life . Celia's values also instilled in her the confidence to follow her dreams, regardless of whether they were conventional paths for women.
Environmentalist and conservationist are two words that are now strongly associated with Hunter, however when she first came to Alaska
Alaska
Alaska is the largest state in the United States by area. It is situated in the northwest extremity of the North American continent, with Canada to the east, the Arctic Ocean to the north, and the Pacific Ocean to the west and south, with Russia further west across the Bering Strait...
, she did not consider herself a conservationist or environmentalist.
Military service as a pilot
Hunter trained as a pilot and eventually became a pilot during World War IIWorld War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, as a member of the Women Airforce Service Pilots
Women Airforce Service Pilots
The Women Airforce Service Pilots and its predecessor groups the Women's Flying Training Detachment and the Women's Auxiliary Ferrying Squadron were pioneering organizations of civilian female pilots employed to fly military aircraft under the direction of the United States Army Air Forces...
, also known as the WASPs. Hunter flew planes from the factories to training centers and ports of embarkation throughout the USA. She successfully completed each upgrading until she was qualified to fly the most sophisticated fighter planes in the US military.
The US Ferrying Division ruled that women should not be allowed to ferry military fighter planes any farther north than Great Falls
Great Falls
Great Falls may refer to:CommunitiesIn the United States:* Great Falls, Montana* Great Falls, South Carolina* Great Falls, Virginia** Great Falls Park* Great Falls, New Hampshire, previous name of Somersworth, New HampshireWaterfalls...
, Montana
Montana
Montana is a state in the Western United States. The western third of Montana contains numerous mountain ranges. Smaller, "island ranges" are found in the central third of the state, for a total of 77 named ranges of the Rocky Mountains. This geographical fact is reflected in the state's name,...
. "We ferried them from factories clear across the US, but 'sorry, gals, turn them over to the men here' and they got to fly them on the Northwest Staging Route
Northwest Staging Route
The Northwest Staging Route was a series of airstrips, airport and radio ranging stations built in Alberta, British Columbia, the Yukon and Alaska during World War II. It was known in the Soviet Union as Alsib ....
through Edmonton
Edmonton
Edmonton is the capital of the Canadian province of Alberta and is the province's second-largest city. Edmonton is located on the North Saskatchewan River and is the centre of the Edmonton Capital Region, which is surrounded by the central region of the province.The city and its census...
, Fort Nelson
Fort Nelson, British Columbia
Fort Nelson is a town of approximately 5000 residents in British Columbia's northeastern corner. It is the administrative centre of the newly formed Northern Rockies Regional Municipality, a first for BC. The majority of Fort Nelson's economic activities have historically been concentrated in the...
, Watson Lake
Watson Lake, Yukon
Watson Lake is a town at historical mile 635 on the Alaska Highway in the southeastern Yukon close to the British Columbia border. Population in December 2004 was 1,547 ....
, and Whitehorse
Whitehorse, Yukon
Whitehorse is Yukon's capital and largest city . It was incorporated in 1950 and is located at kilometre 1476 on the Alaska Highway in southern Yukon. Whitehorse's downtown and Riverdale areas occupy both shores of the Yukon River, which originates in British Columbia and meets the Bering Sea in...
to Fairbanks
Fairbanks, Alaska
Fairbanks is a home rule city in and the borough seat of the Fairbanks North Star Borough in the U.S. state of Alaska.Fairbanks is the largest city in the Interior region of Alaska, and second largest in the state behind Anchorage...
," Hunter told students at Linfield College
Linfield College
Linfield College is an American private institution of higher learning located in McMinnville, Oregon, United States. As a four-year, undergraduate, liberal arts and sciences college with a campus in Portland, Oregon, it also has an adult degree program located in eight communities throughout the...
during a 1997 speech. hdkskj
Two years later, Hunter and her good friend and fellow WASP, Ginny Hill Wood, decided that they would get to Fairbanks on their own, just to see what their male colleagues had been talking about. They made a deal with an Alaskan pilot who was in Seattle to fly two of his planes to Fairbanks. It took 27 days to fly from Seattle to Fairbanks, even though the total flying time added up to only 30 hours. Wood's plane had unairworthy fabric and no heat - the women nicknamed it "Li'l Igloo
Igloo
An igloo or snowhouse is a type of shelter built of snow, originally built by the Inuit....
."
The two women arrived in Fairbanks on January 1, 1947 in the midst of a thick snowstorm. The temperature was almost minus 50 °F (10 °C) and the only scheduled airline could not fly in those temperatures. Finding themselves stranded, Hunter and Wood secured jobs in a start-up travel agency
Travel agency
A travel agency is a retail business that sells travel related products and services to customers on behalf of suppliers such as airlines, car rentals, cruise lines, hotels, railways, sightseeing tours and package holidays that combine several products...
. Hunter served as a flight attendant
Flight attendant
Flight attendants or cabin crew are members of an aircrew employed by airlines primarily to ensure the safety and comfort of passengers aboard commercial flights, on select business jet aircraft, and on some military aircraft.-History:The role of a flight attendant derives from that of similar...
on the first-ever tourist trips to Kotzebue
Kotzebue
Kotzebue is the name of the following people:*August von Kotzebue, dramatist*Otto von Kotzebue, navigatorKotzebue is also the name of a place:*Kotzebue, Alaska*Kotzebue Sound...
and Nome
Nome
Nome may refer to:A country subdivision:* Nome an administrative division within ancient Egypt.* Nome , the administrative division immediately below the peripheries of Greece Places:* Nome, Norway* Nome, Alaska, US...
and planned the first sightseeing tours of Fairbanks. In autumn 1947, Hunter enrolled in the University of Stockholm in a special course designed for American GI students. After a semester in Sweden
Sweden
Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....
, Hunter and Wood spent ten months bicycling through war-torn Europe and eventually hitchhiked on tankers back to the United States, where they returned to Alaska
Alaska
Alaska is the largest state in the United States by area. It is situated in the northwest extremity of the North American continent, with Canada to the east, the Arctic Ocean to the north, and the Pacific Ocean to the west and south, with Russia further west across the Bering Strait...
.
Camp Denali
Hunter and Wood, together with Wood's husband, decided to start Camp Denali, which was planned to be similar to the hut systems in Europe, with simple accommodations coupled with outdoor activities. The threesome staked out a Trade and Manufacturing Site claim under the Homestead ActHomestead Act
A homestead act is one of three United States federal laws that gave an applicant freehold title to an area called a "homestead" – typically 160 acres of undeveloped federal land west of the Mississippi River....
along the then-western boundary of Denali National Park, with a magnificent view of Mount McKinley
Mount McKinley
Mount McKinley or Denali in Alaska, United States is the highest mountain peak in North America and the United States, with a summit elevation of above sea level. It is the centerpiece of Denali National Park and Preserve.- Geology and features :Mount McKinley is a granitic pluton...
, and opened for business in 1952. Their management philosophy was simple, "to create a setting in which our guests, staff, and even casual visitors would be aware of the wonders of the natural world that surrounded us." Camp Denali's management closely reflected Hunter's philosophy on life. "We specialized in providing healthy, sustaining meals, with fresh baked bread and pastries, and we refused to handle either soft drinks or beer in our small store because we didn't want to see the throw-away cans littering the roadsides," Celia once remarked. Camp Denali was sold in 1975 and now lies within Denali National Park.
As Celia and Ginny's business grew, so did their deep respect and love for the natural world and they found themselves increasingly involved in Alaska's issues. When Celia and Ginny first arrived in Alaska, it was a Territory with approximately 180,000 people. "Flying across bush Alaska, the entire landscape was a seamless whole, unmarred by man-made boundaries. Alaskans assumed it would always be like this, and they resisted strenuously the setting aside of particular lands to protect them." Alaska was changing rapidly before their eyes and they realized it was going to take a lot of work to protect the Alaskan wild-lands they loved.
The trip that Olaus and Mardy Murie made in 1956 to the Sheenjek River
Sheenjek River
The Sheenjek River is a 200-mile long river in the U.S. state of Alaska. It begins in the eastern part of the Brooks Range and flows southward until joining with the Porcupine River northeast of Fort Yukon, Alaska. It derives its name from the Gwich'in word, written in the modern orthography,...
at Lost and Lobo Lakes in the foothills of the Brooks Range
Brooks Range
The Brooks Range is a mountain range in far northern North America. It stretches from west to east across northern Alaska and into Canada's Yukon Territory, a total distance of about 1100 km . The mountains top out at over 2,700 m . The range is believed to be approximately 126 million years old...
was the catalyst that started the conservation movement in Alaska. Mardy and Olaus, a naturalist and wildlife biologist well-known for his work in Alaska, dreamed of protecting a large area of the Arctic that extended from the Arctic Ocean, across the Brooks Range, and down into the boreal forest on the opposite side. After their trip, Olaus proposed the creation of the Arctic National Wildlife Range to protect an ecosystem large enough to support the great Porcupine River
Porcupine River
The Porcupine River is a river that runs through Alaska and the Yukon. Having its source in the Ogilvie Mountains north of Dawson City, Yukon, it flows north, veers to the southwest, goes through the community of Old Crow, Yukon, flowing into the Yukon River at Fort Yukon, Alaska...
caribou herd and other large populations of wildlife. Celia met the Muries on one of their trips through Fairbanks. "We really supported very strongly what they were trying to do. Olaus went home and drew lines on the map and we started fighting for setting aside the area," said Celia.
Soon the group of staunch supporters realized that protecting the Arctic Range was going to be harder than expected. Setting aside the Range was virtually impossible to do through Congress, because the congressional delegation of Alaska was adamantly opposed to any withdrawals of land for conservation purposes. Celia and others began fighting for the Range unofficially until they decided they would need to form an organization in order to be most effective. The Alaska Conservation Society
Alaska Conservation Society
The Alaska Conservation Society was the first grassroots environmental conservation group in the U.S. state of Alaska. It was founded in 1960 to coordinate environmental opposition to Project Chariot, a plan to dig a harbor in Alaska's North Slope with nuclear weapons, and to fight the proposed...
(ACS), Alaska's first statewide conservation organization, was formed in 1960, proving a venue for Celia and others to testify on behalf of the Arctic National Wildlife Range(ANWR). Unfortunately, support for the ANWR came primarily from congressional delegates and other conservationists outside of Alaska, and there was nothing that got the Alaskan delegation more riled up than a bunch of outsiders coming in and telling Alaska how to manage its resources. Celia remarked, "OK, if you don't want to listen to people from Outside, you better listen to us." Voting members of ACS were required to be Alaskan residents. Despite strong opposition from Alaska's senators and lone congressman, a presidential proclamation by President Dwight D. Eisenhower
Dwight D. Eisenhower
Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower was the 34th President of the United States, from 1953 until 1961. He was a five-star general in the United States Army...
and Secretary of the Interior Fred Seaton created the Wildlife Range shortly before Eisenhower left office in 1960. Following this success, ACS continued to serve as a vehicle through which Alaskans could be heard on conservation issues. Celia acted as the executive secretary of ACS for the next 12 years.
Death and afterward
Celia died on December 1, 2001 at age 82. She had been up late that night writing letters to congressmen in support of protecting the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge from oil drilling. Her life spanned an important part of Alaska's history. Celia was a cornerstone of the conservation movement in Alaska, opening minds and halting disasters with unwavering strength and persistence.Celia's list of accomplishments and her lasting legacy are affirmations that she was an effective leader for over 50 years. Celia was quoted that you just have to keep a fire in your stomach and you just go for it, and when you do, you can make a tremendous difference. Her leadership style included: being a good listener, lead by example, think of the bigger picture, be engaged in the moment, persevere, be honest, passionate, respectful, humble, optimistic, human, compassionate, remain curious, credible, communicate well, be part of the community, keep a balance, be a mentor, stay youthful, have a sense of humor. Never stop learning. Although Celia graduated high school in 1936, served in the Women Air Force in 1943, she earned her Bachelor of Arts in Botany in 1964 with a minor in Economics
Economics
Economics is the social science that analyzes the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. The term economics comes from the Ancient Greek from + , hence "rules of the house"...
and Anthropology
Anthropology
Anthropology is the study of humanity. It has origins in the humanities, the natural sciences, and the social sciences. The term "anthropology" is from the Greek anthrōpos , "man", understood to mean mankind or humanity, and -logia , "discourse" or "study", and was first used in 1501 by German...
from the University of Alaska Fairbanks
University of Alaska Fairbanks
The University of Alaska Fairbanks, located in Fairbanks, Alaska, USA, is the flagship campus of the University of Alaska System, and is abbreviated as Alaska or UAF....
.
Awards
In 1991 Celia Hunter was conferred the highest award by the Sierra ClubSierra Club
The Sierra Club is the oldest, largest, and most influential grassroots environmental organization in the United States. It was founded on May 28, 1892, in San Francisco, California, by the conservationist and preservationist John Muir, who became its first president...
, The John Muir Award
Sierra Club John Muir Award
The Sierra Club John Muir Award is awarded annually by the Sierra Club. It is the club's highest award. According to the Sierra Club, "it honors a distinguished record of leadership in national conservation causes, such as continuing John Muir's work of preservation and establishment of parks and...
, for a lifetime of dedicated conservation work, a distinguished record of achievement in national or international conservation causes.
In 1998, Celia Hunter was presented the highest award by the Wilderness Society
The Wilderness Society (United States)
The Wilderness Society is an American organization that is dedicated to protecting America's wilderness. It was formed in 1935 and currently has over 300,000 members and supporters.-Founding:The society was incorporated on January 21, 1935...
, The Robert Marshall Award, for her long-term service to and notable influence upon conservation and the fostering of an American land ethic.
In 2001, The Alaska Conservation Foundation
Alaska Conservation Foundation
Founded in 1980, the Alaska Conservation Foundation is a nonprofit organization located in Anchorage, Alaska. As of 2011, it is the only public foundation dedicated to conservation in Alaska...
presented Celia Hunter and Ginny Wood with the first ever Lifetime Achievement Award, the cornerstone of the Alaska Conservation Hall of Fame. The ACF has an endowment fund named for Celia M. Hunter, that educates interested, young people for an environmental career.
Conservation Legacy
Soon after its formation, ACS found itself opposing two other major battles: Rampart DamRampart Dam
The Rampart Dam or Rampart Canyon Dam was a project proposed in 1954 by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to dam the Yukon River in Alaska for hydroelectric power...
and Project Chariot. The first battle was over the proposal to build a dam on the Yukon River at a location known as The Ramparts. The Rampart Dam would have created a lake 300 miles (482.8 km) long and affected climates and ecosystems clear into the Yukon Territories. Also, the lake would have submerged numerous small villages and individual cabins in the area, inundated millions of acres of rich waterfowl and wildlife habitat, and displaced large numbers of mammal populations. Celia, Ginny and others involved with ACS worked hard to expose the shortcomings of the proposal. Rampart Dam would have theoretically produced vast quantities of electrical power and involved the construction of a large aluminum processing complex in Southcentral Alaska to take advantage of the cheap power. Debates took place in Fairbanks and were largely attended by the public. Ginny remembers Celia talking about the economics of the project and not just about saving moose and ducks, to the great surprise of the industrymen against whom she debated. By doing her homework, Celia was successful in exposing common sense complications and problems with the proposal.
The second battle was known as Project Chariot, a proposal that involved blasting using a nuclear bomb to blast a harbor out of the northwest Arctic coast 30 miles (48.3 km) south of Pt. Hope. Dr. Edward Teller and others from the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) had come to Alaska to convince residents that atomic power in the Arctic would bring a wealth of benefits to the state. He toured the state and convinced the Alaskan delegation and the Anchorage and Fairbanks Chambers of Commerce of the economic benefits that would result from a permanently open port at Point Hope. Academics at the University of Alaska-Fairbanks were not so easily convinced. The University's professors demanded to know how Dr. Teller and the AEC would identify the impacts of a nuclear explosion with no pre-blast knowledge of the land and its inhabitants. That was how they got the first Environmental Impact Statement investigation! This was ten years before NEPA (National Environmental Policy Act) became law under President Nixon. What was found really pulled the rug out from under the project, because it was one of the richest areas in Alaska. As it turned out, AEC was more interested in experimenting with the blasts and with the radioactive fallout than Alaska's economic and social well-being.
The ACS became involved, and in the March 1961 issue of the ACS News Bulletin explored the broader significance of Project Chariot. Data from dedicated University scientists like Dr. Leslie Vierick, Don Foote, and Dr. William Pruitt provided indisputable evidence for their case. Celia wrote, "The consequences were laid out insofar as they could be known or calculated, and the price Alaska might have to pay in terms of having vast areas so contaminiated they could not be utilized, was forecast." The ACS Bulletin was distributed widely in Washington, DC and reprinted through other organizations such as the Sierra Club. Ginny Wood remembers the effectiveness of the networking: it soon brought the issue to a national audience. Seeing the Sierra Club briefings, Secretary of Interior Stewart Udall became puzzled as to why the AEC did not go through him on the project and asked to be sent all the information that the Sierra Club was receiving. As a result, ACS developed a direct line to the head of the Department of the Interior, effectively undermining Edward Teller and the AEC.
While Project Chariot was never explicitly canceled and the AEC never admitted that the project was completely misguided and irresponsible, the proposal ceased to gain momentum. The truth of the devastation Project Chariot could have caused was finally realized. "This is how close the US and Alaska came to having their own Chernobyl catastrophe and the perpetrators of the plot were government employees of the AEC and the Lawrence Radiation Lab - people so intent on their own narrow goals that they would willingly have sacrificed everything within northern Alaska to achieve them," Celia explained.
Disaster was not entirely averted. The battle that Celia thought was being played out in the open was being played behind closed doors, as well. Before the AEC left Alaska, they imported several tons of radioactive waste and buried it in the vicinity of the proposed harbor site to examine how it disseminated through the ecosystem. Celia talked about the findings in an interview with Hilary Hilscher, "they were turned down; they realized that they couldn't go ahead and make a nuclear blast because people were already loaded to the gills with the radioactivity. So what did they do but import a bunch of it and bury it and didn't tell anybody and now, 33 years later, it suddenly comes to light. I think those people were absolutely dastardly."
ACS took on many other battles utilizing both reactive and proactive strategies to protect Alaska's environment. They were instrumental in removing bounties on wolves, a fight that lasted nearly a decade. ACS fought the Susitna Dam
Susitna Hydroelectric Project
The Susitna Hydroelectric Project is a proposed hydroelectric power project along the Susitna River in southern Alaska...
project, similar to the Rampart Dam. They worked on community projects preserving open spaces in Fairbanks, and were proponents of trail systems as well as alternative transportation. Residents in many Alaskan communities started local ACS chapters to fight issues in their own backyards. ACS chapters worked on their own issues and communicated through the News Bulletin. The organization grew and worked tirelessly for 20 years before finally dissolving. Ginny, Celia and others realized they no longer had the resources to run such a large organization. They ended the ACS and divided the money up for the Alaska Center for the Environment (ACE), Southeast Alaska Conservation Council (SEACC), and The Northern Alaska Environment Council (NAEC.) The women had established a strong conservation movement throughout Alaska to carry on with needed work.
In 1969 Celia was offered a position on the Governing Council of the Wilderness Society, in 1976 she was made president and later executive director; she was the first female to head a national environmental organization. In 1972, Celia was nominated by Secretary of the Interior Rogers C.B. Morton to sit on the joint Federal State Land Use Planning Commission where she articulated the environmentalists' viewpoint. She worked with the Commission until it dissolved in 1980 with the passage of the Alaska National Interest Lands and Conservation Act.
Even with her notoriety, Celia did not stop looking for ways to further conservation in Alaska. In 1980, Celia and Denny Wilcher started the Alaska Conservation Foundation (ACF)
Alaska Conservation Foundation
Founded in 1980, the Alaska Conservation Foundation is a nonprofit organization located in Anchorage, Alaska. As of 2011, it is the only public foundation dedicated to conservation in Alaska...
to bring more resources to the conservation movement in Alaska and to continue the statewide networking that had been started with ACS. Celia served on the ACF Board of Trustees for over 18 years. She served on innumerable other boards including Alaska Natural History Assn., Nature Conservancy, Trustees for Alaska, and The Wilderness Society. Beginning in 1979, Celia contributed a regular column to the Fairbanks Daily News Miner offering an alternative voice with environmental and liberal themes to the community. In 1980 the Alaska National Interest Lands and Conservation Act (ANILCA) was passed, doubling the size of the Arctic National Wildlife Range and renaming it the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge.
Mentorship
In the mid and late 1970s, while serving on the Joint Federal-State Land Use Planning Commission for Alaska (headquartered in Anchorage), Celia Hunter became a magnet for mentoring young women arriving in Alaska from the southern states in search of both adventure and participation in one of America's landmark conservation episodes: the apportionment of then-undesignated federal lands into forms with protected status (national parks and national monuments) versus unprotected status (United States Forest Service and Bureau of Land ManagementBureau of Land Management
The Bureau of Land Management is an agency within the United States Department of the Interior which administers America's public lands, totaling approximately , or one-eighth of the landmass of the country. The BLM also manages of subsurface mineral estate underlying federal, state and private...
), culminating in Congressional passage in 1980 of the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act
Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act
The Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act was a United States federal law passed in 1980 by the U.S. Congress and signed into law by President Jimmy Carter on December 2 of that year....
.
Celia was also an avid outdoor enthusiast. She skied, hiked, and kayaked until her death. In the photo left (ca 1982) she is embarking on a wilderness kayak trip in Southeast Alaska with Juneau residents some three decades her junior.
Books
- Hammond, Jay. Tales of Alaska's Bush Rat Governor: The extraordinary autobiography of Jay HammondJay HammondJay Sterner Hammond was an American politician of the Republican Party, who served as the fourth Governor of Alaska from 1974 to 1982.-Early life:...
, wilderness guide and reluctant politician. Epicenter Press: Seattle, Fairbanks, 1994 - O'Neill, DanDan O'Neill (writer)Dan O'Neill is an Alaskan journalist and writer.-Bibliography:* A Land Gone Lonesome: An Inland Voyage Along the Yukon River.* The Last Giant of Beringia: The Mystery of the Bering Land Bridge....
. The Firecracker Boys. St. Martin's Griffin: New York, 1994
Articles
- Bock, Wally. "What Do Great Leaders Do Differently?" Found on World Wide Web at 31 Dec 2000
- Johnson, Susan. "Celia Hunter: Portrait of an Activist." The Alaska Journal, Autumn 1979.
- Miller, Debbie. "Celia Hunter. Found on World Wide Web at 30 June 2002
- O'Neill, DanDan O'Neill (writer)Dan O'Neill is an Alaskan journalist and writer.-Bibliography:* A Land Gone Lonesome: An Inland Voyage Along the Yukon River.* The Last Giant of Beringia: The Mystery of the Bering Land Bridge....
. "Bidding Farewell to 'a fine warrior.'" Fairbanks Daily News-Miner 09 Dec. 2001 - Seifert, Richard D. "Celia Hunter: A Brief Biography." Ecology Hall of Fame. Found on WWW at 30 June 2002
- Smetzer, Mary Beth. "Hundreds remember a 'tilter of windmills'." Fairbanks Daily News-MinerFairbanks Daily News-MinerThe Fairbanks Daily News-Miner is a morning daily newspaper that serves the city of Fairbanks, Alaska, the Fairbanks North Star Borough, the Denali Borough, and the Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area in the United States state of Alaska. It is the farthest north daily newspaper in the United States, and...
10 Dec. 2001
Video Tapes
- Alaska Conservation Foundation (ACF):
- "Lifetime Achievement Awards Luncheon." 15 Aug. 2001
- "Celia Hunter Anchorage Memorial Service." 27 Dec. 2001
- "Touchstone: A Video Portrayal of the Grassroots Environmental Movement in Alaska."
Other
- ACF. Celia M. Hunter Alaska Conservation Leadership Endowment Fund. 2002
- Hunter, Celia. "My Alaska: A Personal Encounter." Linfield College. The Jane Claire Dirks-Edmunds Endowed Ecology Lectureship. McMinnville Oregon, 6 Oct. 1997.
- "Quaker FAQs." Religious Society of Friends. Found on WWW at 1 July 2002
- ACF. Jessica Wiles. "Celia M. Hunter, Life and Leadership." date unknown