Citadel is a study of the American Upper House by the journalist, William S. White. Written in 1956, the book anticipates the great changes afoot in post-war Washington

Washington, D.C.

Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, "the District", or simply D.C., is the capital of the United States. On July 16, 1790, the United States Congress approved the creation of a permanent national capital as permitted by the U.S. Constitution....

. Gunther in Inside USA had put the problem of Southern intractability over civil rights reform in perspective, but White was the first to make public how skilled the Southern Senators were at utilising every procedural mechanism the chamber had to offer.