Clímaco Calderón
Encyclopedia
Clímaco Calderón Reyes was a Colombia
n lawyer, statesman
and diplomat, who became President of Colombia
for one day, following the death of President Francisco Javier Zaldúa
.
, Boyacá Department
, on August 23, 1852, in what was then the Republic of New Granada
. He died in Bogotá
, Cundinamarca
on July 19, 1913, at the age of 60.
After finishing school in his native city, he attended Our Lady of the Rosary University
in Bogotá
, where he graduated with a Doctorate
in Jurisprudence
, where he also worked as professor of Civil
and Penal law
.
in the Circuit court
of Tunja
, deputy in the Legislative Assembly
, and Director of Education during the administration of José Eusebio Otálora
.
During the Administration of Francisco Javier Zaldúa he was named Attorney General of the Nation. On December 21, 1882, following the death of President Zaldúa, Calderón became President of Colombia in accordance to the presidential line of succession, which indicated that given the death of the sitting president, the presidency would fall to the first and second Designates respectively, but at the time of Zaldúa's death the Designates, Rafael Núñez
and José Eusebio Otálora
were absent, and in this case, the Attorney General of Colombia
would hold the executive power, thus making Calderón Reyes the 17th President of the United States of Colombia.
Calderón also worked as Minister of Foreign Affairs
, and Colombian Consul general and Plenipotentiary
to the United States
.
. The only executive order
he carried out was ordering his troops, that were under the command of General Sergio Camargo, to disobey orders given by the now deceased president Zaldúa, who had commanded General Camargo to ready his troops to take military action on Congress for their opposition against him.
The next day, on December 22, Calderón handed down the presidency to José Eusebio Otálora. Even though Calderón only served as president for one day, Calderón was granted the benefits of an Ex-President and it is included in the presidential line along with his predecessor and successor.
After his short presidency, Calderón became an important Colombian diplomat, serving for nearly twenty years in the United States
first as Consul General of Colombia to New York
and subsequently as Colombian Minister to Washington, and was named Minister of Foreign Affairs
by President Rafael Reyes
on October 27, 1904.
and wrote some books on this subjects.
Colombia
Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia , is a unitary constitutional republic comprising thirty-two departments. The country is located in northwestern South America, bordered to the east by Venezuela and Brazil; to the south by Ecuador and Peru; to the north by the Caribbean Sea; to the...
n lawyer, statesman
Statesman
A statesman is usually a politician or other notable public figure who has had a long and respected career in politics or government at the national and international level. As a term of respect, it is usually left to supporters or commentators to use the term...
and diplomat, who became President of Colombia
President of Colombia
The President of Colombia is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of Colombia. The office of president was established upon the ratification of the Constitution of 1819, by the Congress of Angostura, convened in December 1819, when Colombia was part of "la Gran Colombia"...
for one day, following the death of President Francisco Javier Zaldúa
Francisco Javier Zaldúa
Francisco Javier Martínez de Zaldúa y Racines was a Colombian, lawyer and politician, elected President of Colombia in 1882.- Biographic data :...
.
Biographic data
Calderón was born in Santa Rosa de ViterboSanta Rosa de Viterbo, Boyacá
Santa Rosa de Viterbo is a town and municipality in Boyacá Department, Colombia, part of the Tundama Province a subregion of Boyaca.Viterbite, not a mineral but a mixture of Allophane and Wavellite, occurs in and was named after this municipality....
, Boyacá Department
Boyacá Department
Boyacá is one of the 32 Departments of Colombia, and the remnant of one of the original nine states of the "United States of Colombia".Boyacá is centrally located within Colombia, almost entirely within the mountains of the Eastern Cordillera to the border with Venezuela, although the western end...
, on August 23, 1852, in what was then the Republic of New Granada
Republic of New Granada
The Republic of New Granada was a centralist republic consisting primarily of present-day Colombia and Panama with smaller portions of today's Ecuador, and Venezuela. It was created after the dissolution in 1830 of Gran Colombia. It was later abolished in 1858 when the Granadine Confederation was...
. He died in Bogotá
Bogotá
Bogotá, Distrito Capital , from 1991 to 2000 called Santa Fé de Bogotá, is the capital, and largest city, of Colombia. It is also designated by the national constitution as the capital of the department of Cundinamarca, even though the city of Bogotá now comprises an independent Capital district...
, Cundinamarca
Cundinamarca Department
- Origin of the name :The name of Cundinamarca comes from Kundur marqa, an indigenous expression, probably derived from Quechua. Meaning "Condor's Nest", it was used in pre-Columbian times by the natives of the Magdalena Valley to refer to the nearby highlands....
on July 19, 1913, at the age of 60.
Personal life
His parents were Carlos Calderón Reyes and Clotilde Reyes Fonseca, half sister of future President Rafael Reyes Prieto. He was married to Amelia Pérez Triana, daughter of President Santiago Pérez de Manosalba.After finishing school in his native city, he attended Our Lady of the Rosary University
Our Lady of the Rosary University
The Universidad del Rosario is a university originally founded on Roman Catholic principles, in 1653 by Fray Cristobal de Torres. Located in Bogotá, Colombia, due to its important place in Colombian history, it is known as "The Cradle of the Republic". It had also a primary and secundary school...
in Bogotá
Bogotá
Bogotá, Distrito Capital , from 1991 to 2000 called Santa Fé de Bogotá, is the capital, and largest city, of Colombia. It is also designated by the national constitution as the capital of the department of Cundinamarca, even though the city of Bogotá now comprises an independent Capital district...
, where he graduated with a Doctorate
Doctorate
A doctorate is an academic degree or professional degree that in most countries refers to a class of degrees which qualify the holder to teach in a specific field, A doctorate is an academic degree or professional degree that in most countries refers to a class of degrees which qualify the holder...
in Jurisprudence
Jurisprudence
Jurisprudence is the theory and philosophy of law. Scholars of jurisprudence, or legal theorists , hope to obtain a deeper understanding of the nature of law, of legal reasoning, legal systems and of legal institutions...
, where he also worked as professor of Civil
Civil law (area)
Civil law in continental law is a branch of law which is the general part of private law.The basis for civil law lies in a civil code. Before enacting of codes, civil law could not be distinguished from private law...
and Penal law
Penal law
In the most general sense, penal is the body of laws that are enforced by the State in its own name and impose penalties for their violation, as opposed to civil law that seeks to redress private wrongs...
.
Political career
Calderón started his political ascend in Boyacá where he was judgeJudge
A judge is a person who presides over court proceedings, either alone or as part of a panel of judges. The powers, functions, method of appointment, discipline, and training of judges vary widely across different jurisdictions. The judge is supposed to conduct the trial impartially and in an open...
in the Circuit court
Circuit court
Circuit court is the name of court systems in several common law jurisdictions.-History:King Henry II instituted the custom of having judges ride around the countryside each year to hear appeals, rather than forcing everyone to bring their appeals to London...
of Tunja
Tunja
Tunja is a city and municipality located in the central part of Colombia, in the region of "Alto Chicomocha". As of the 2005 Census it had 152,419 inhabitants. It is the capital of the Department of Boyacá and part of the subregion of the Central Boyacá Province. It is approximately 145 km...
, deputy in the Legislative Assembly
Legislative Assembly
Legislative Assembly is the name given in some countries to either a legislature, or to one of its branch.The name is used by a number of member-states of the Commonwealth of Nations, as well as a number of Latin American countries....
, and Director of Education during the administration of José Eusebio Otálora
José Eusebio Otalora
José Eusebio Otálora Martínez was a Colombian statesman and General who became President of the United States of Colombia in 1882 in his capacity as the Second Presidential Designate following the death of President Francisco Javier Zaldúa, and the non acceptance of the office by the First...
.
During the Administration of Francisco Javier Zaldúa he was named Attorney General of the Nation. On December 21, 1882, following the death of President Zaldúa, Calderón became President of Colombia in accordance to the presidential line of succession, which indicated that given the death of the sitting president, the presidency would fall to the first and second Designates respectively, but at the time of Zaldúa's death the Designates, Rafael Núñez
Rafael Núñez (politician)
Rafael Wenceslao Núñez Moledo was a Colombian author, lawyer, journalist and politician, who was elected President of Colombia in 1880 and in 1884. Rafael Núñez was born in Cartagena de Indias, on September 28, 1825. He died in Cartagena on September 18, 1894.-Early life:Little is known about the...
and José Eusebio Otálora
José Eusebio Otalora
José Eusebio Otálora Martínez was a Colombian statesman and General who became President of the United States of Colombia in 1882 in his capacity as the Second Presidential Designate following the death of President Francisco Javier Zaldúa, and the non acceptance of the office by the First...
were absent, and in this case, the Attorney General of Colombia
Attorney General of Colombia
The Office of the Attorney General of Colombia is the Colombian institution part of the Colombian judicial branch of Government with administrative autonomy designed to prosecute offenders, investigate crimes, review judicial processes and accuse penal law infractions against judges and courts of...
would hold the executive power, thus making Calderón Reyes the 17th President of the United States of Colombia.
Calderón also worked as Minister of Foreign Affairs
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Colombia)
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs also known as the Chancellery, is the national executive ministry of the Government of Colombia responsible for the foreign relations of Colombia through its diplomatic missions abroad by formulating foreign policy relevant to the matters of the State, it is...
, and Colombian Consul general and Plenipotentiary
Plenipotentiary
The word plenipotentiary has two meanings. As a noun, it refers to a person who has "full powers." In particular, the term commonly refers to a diplomat fully authorized to represent his government as a prerogative...
to the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
.
The Presidency
His presidency is the shortest in the History of ColombiaHistory of Colombia
This article deals with the history of Colombia, a country in South America.-Pre-Colombian period:Approximately 10,000 years BC hunter-gatherer societies existed near present-day Bogotá , and they traded with one another and with cultures living in the Magdalena River valley...
. The only executive order
Executive (government)
Executive branch of Government is the part of government that has sole authority and responsibility for the daily administration of the state bureaucracy. The division of power into separate branches of government is central to the idea of the separation of powers.In many countries, the term...
he carried out was ordering his troops, that were under the command of General Sergio Camargo, to disobey orders given by the now deceased president Zaldúa, who had commanded General Camargo to ready his troops to take military action on Congress for their opposition against him.
The next day, on December 22, Calderón handed down the presidency to José Eusebio Otálora. Even though Calderón only served as president for one day, Calderón was granted the benefits of an Ex-President and it is included in the presidential line along with his predecessor and successor.
After his short presidency, Calderón became an important Colombian diplomat, serving for nearly twenty years in the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
first as Consul General of Colombia to New York
New York City
New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. New York exerts a significant impact upon global commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and...
and subsequently as Colombian Minister to Washington, and was named Minister of Foreign Affairs
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Colombia)
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs also known as the Chancellery, is the national executive ministry of the Government of Colombia responsible for the foreign relations of Colombia through its diplomatic missions abroad by formulating foreign policy relevant to the matters of the State, it is...
by President Rafael Reyes
Rafael Reyes
Rafael Reyes Prieto was Chief of Staff of the Colombian National Army and President of Colombia .- Biographic data :...
on October 27, 1904.
Literary Work
Calderón had a special interest on history and FinanceFinance
"Finance" is often defined simply as the management of money or “funds” management Modern finance, however, is a family of business activity that includes the origination, marketing, and management of cash and money surrogates through a variety of capital accounts, instruments, and markets created...
and wrote some books on this subjects.
- El Curso Forzoso en los Estados Unidos New York. La América Editorial Company, 1892.
- Elementos de Hacienda Pública Bogotá. Imprenta de "La Luz", 1911.
- Colombia 1893.
- La moneda en la época colonial
- Memorias sobre amonestación en el Nuevo Reino de Granada
- Los bancos americanos