Commonwealth v. Pullis
Encyclopedia
Commonwealth v. Pullis of 1806, was the first reported case arising from a labor strike in the United States
. It decided that striking workers were illegal conspirators.
Cordwainer
s" (the name came from the cordovan leather they worked with) in an effort to secure stable wages. Over the next decade, the union secured some wage increases. Through 1804, the Journeymen received moderate wage increases. In 1805 the union struck for higher wages. The strike collapsed after the union leaders were indicted
for the crime of conspiracy
.
notes by Thomas Lloyd
, a young Jeffersonian printer who later published the proceedings.
Eight leaders of the Federal Society of Journeymen Cordwainers were brought to trial and accused of conspiring to increase their pay rates after leading an unsuccessful strike for higher wages. The employers, not the government, paid the prosecution's expenses. The arguments in Pullis promoted the idea '"that workers were transitory, irresponsible, and dangerous", and were, thus, properly the subject of judicial control' .
The law established in this case, that labor unions are illegal conspiracies, would remain the law until Commonwealth v. Hunt
, tried in Massachusetts
Supreme Judicial Court.
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
. It decided that striking workers were illegal conspirators.
Facts
In 1794 Philadelphia shoemakers organized the "Federal Society of JourneymenJourneyman
A journeyman is someone who completed an apprenticeship and was fully educated in a trade or craft, but not yet a master. To become a master, a journeyman had to submit a master work piece to a guild for evaluation and be admitted to the guild as a master....
Cordwainer
Cordwainer
A cordwainer is a shoemaker/cobbler who makes fine soft leather shoes and other luxury footwear articles. The word is derived from "cordwain", or "cordovan", the leather produced in Córdoba, Spain. The term cordwainer was used as early as 1100 in England...
s" (the name came from the cordovan leather they worked with) in an effort to secure stable wages. Over the next decade, the union secured some wage increases. Through 1804, the Journeymen received moderate wage increases. In 1805 the union struck for higher wages. The strike collapsed after the union leaders were indicted
Indictment
An indictment , in the common-law legal system, is a formal accusation that a person has committed a crime. In jurisdictions that maintain the concept of felonies, the serious criminal offence is a felony; jurisdictions that lack the concept of felonies often use that of an indictable offence—an...
for the crime of conspiracy
Conspiracy (crime)
In the criminal law, a conspiracy is an agreement between two or more persons to break the law at some time in the future, and, in some cases, with at least one overt act in furtherance of that agreement...
.
Trial
The jury trial was in the Philadelphia Mayor’s Court, which unfortunately was not a court of record. The only report historians have today consists of shorthandShorthand
Shorthand is an abbreviated symbolic writing method that increases speed or brevity of writing as compared to a normal method of writing a language. The process of writing in shorthand is called stenography, from the Greek stenos and graphē or graphie...
notes by Thomas Lloyd
Thomas Lloyd
Thomas Lloyd may refer to:* Sir Thomas Lloyd, 1st Baronet, Welsh politician* Thomas Lloyd , Welsh cleric and lexicographer* Thomas Lloyd , Lieutenant Governor of Pennsylvania, 1684–1688...
, a young Jeffersonian printer who later published the proceedings.
Eight leaders of the Federal Society of Journeymen Cordwainers were brought to trial and accused of conspiring to increase their pay rates after leading an unsuccessful strike for higher wages. The employers, not the government, paid the prosecution's expenses. The arguments in Pullis promoted the idea '"that workers were transitory, irresponsible, and dangerous", and were, thus, properly the subject of judicial control' .
Decision
After a three day trial, the jury found the defendants guilty of "a combination to raise their wages". The union of Philadelphia Journeymen Shoemakers was convicted of and bankrupted by charges of criminal conspiracy. The defendants were fined US$8 each (the cost of one week's wages) and made to pay the costs of the suit.The law established in this case, that labor unions are illegal conspiracies, would remain the law until Commonwealth v. Hunt
Commonwealth v. Hunt
Commonwealth v. Hunt was a landmark legal decision issued by the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court on the subject of labor unions. Before this decision, based on Commonwealth v. Pullis, labor unions which attempted to 'close' or create a unionized workplace could be charged with conspiracy...
, tried in Massachusetts
Massachusetts
The Commonwealth of Massachusetts is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. It is bordered by Rhode Island and Connecticut to the south, New York to the west, and Vermont and New Hampshire to the north; at its east lies the Atlantic Ocean. As of the 2010...
Supreme Judicial Court.
See also
- US labor law
- Commonwealth v. HuntCommonwealth v. HuntCommonwealth v. Hunt was a landmark legal decision issued by the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court on the subject of labor unions. Before this decision, based on Commonwealth v. Pullis, labor unions which attempted to 'close' or create a unionized workplace could be charged with conspiracy...
, Massachusetts decision saying not a conspiracy