Cáslav
Encyclopedia
Čáslav (ˈtʃaːslaf; ) is a town in eastern part of Central Bohemian Region
of the Czech Republic
.
government.
During Thirty Years' War
, in 1639 and 1642, Čáslav was devastated and burnt down by Swedish troops. In 1751 Čáslav became centre of region (county). Čáslav museum, one of the oldest regional museums in Bohemia was founded in 1864. In 1910, part of cranium of famous Hussite general Jan Žižka z Trocnova
was discovered in Čáslav parish church.
was built between 1899 and 1900 in moorish style, designed by architect Wilhelm Stiassny
. It was used until 1939 by the local Jewish community, which was then almost totally wiped out during the Shoah
. After World War II
the abandoned building saw use as a warehouse, and then (between 1969–1989) as a gallery. In 1989, however, it was returned to the Jewish Community in Prague
and has recently been restored.
Central Bohemian Region
Central Bohemian Region is an administrative unit of the Czech Republic, located in the central part of its historical region of Bohemia. Its administrative center is placed in the Czech capital Prague , which lies in the center of the region...
of the Czech Republic
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Poland to the northeast, Slovakia to the east, Austria to the south, and Germany to the west and northwest....
.
History
History of Čáslav begins after year 800 with founding of citadel and settlement called Hrádek. Near Hrádek, new town with huge square was founded by king Přemysl Otakar II in 1250. In 1421, Bohemian parliament debated in Čáslav and voted new HussiteHussite
The Hussites were a Christian movement following the teachings of Czech reformer Jan Hus , who became one of the forerunners of the Protestant Reformation...
government.
During Thirty Years' War
Thirty Years' War
The Thirty Years' War was fought primarily in what is now Germany, and at various points involved most countries in Europe. It was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history....
, in 1639 and 1642, Čáslav was devastated and burnt down by Swedish troops. In 1751 Čáslav became centre of region (county). Čáslav museum, one of the oldest regional museums in Bohemia was founded in 1864. In 1910, part of cranium of famous Hussite general Jan Žižka z Trocnova
Jan Žižka
Jan Žižka z Trocnova a Kalicha , Czech general and Hussite leader, follower of Jan Hus, was born at small village Trocnov in Bohemia, into a gentried family. He was nicknamed "One-eyed Žižka"...
was discovered in Čáslav parish church.
Synagogue
The synagogueSynagogue
A synagogue is a Jewish house of prayer. This use of the Greek term synagogue originates in the Septuagint where it sometimes translates the Hebrew word for assembly, kahal...
was built between 1899 and 1900 in moorish style, designed by architect Wilhelm Stiassny
Wilhelm Stiassny
Wilhelm Stiassny was an Austrian architect.-Personal life:From 1857 to 1861 Stiassny studied at the Polytechnic in Vienna and then studied architecture at the Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna under Friedrich von Schmidt.In 1895 Stiassny founded the Society for the Conservation and Preservation of...
. It was used until 1939 by the local Jewish community, which was then almost totally wiped out during the Shoah
Shoah
Shoah may refer to:*The Holocaust*Shoah , documentary directed by Claude Lanzmann * A Shoah Foundation...
. After World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
the abandoned building saw use as a warehouse, and then (between 1969–1989) as a gallery. In 1989, however, it was returned to the Jewish Community in Prague
Prague
Prague is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. Situated in the north-west of the country on the Vltava river, the city is home to about 1.3 million people, while its metropolitan area is estimated to have a population of over 2.3 million...
and has recently been restored.
Famous persons
- Jan Ladislav Dusík, famous musician, lived in LondonLondonLondon is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
- Miloš FormanMiloš FormanJan Tomáš Forman , better known as Miloš Forman , is a Czech-American director, screenwriter, professor, and an emigrant from Czechoslovakia. Two of his films, One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest and Amadeus, are among the most celebrated in the history of film, both gaining him the Academy Award for...
, film director (OscarAcademy AwardsAn Academy Award, also known as an Oscar, is an accolade bestowed by the American Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to recognize excellence of professionals in the film industry, including directors, actors, and writers...
Awards 1975, 1984) - Antonin ChittussiAntonin ChittussiAntonin Chittussi was a Czech Impressionist landscape painter.He was born in Ronov nad Doubravou to a Czech mother and a father of Italian descent. He was fascinated by the landscape of South Bohemia and of the Bohemian and Moravian Highlands...
, important painter - David JarolímDavid JarolímDavid Jarolím is a Czech footballer who currently plays for Hamburger SV. A central midfielder by position, Jarolím is known for his stamina and technical skill.-Club career:...
, football player - Jarmila KratochvílováJarmila KratochvílováJarmila Kratochvílová is a Czech former sprinter and middle distance runner. In 1983, she set world record times for both the 400 metres and 800 metres, and won gold medals in both distances at the World Championships....
, sportwoman - Jan KarafiátJan KarafiátJan Karafiát was a Czech clergyman of the Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren and author. He is best known for his classic children's book Broučci, the Czech language word for beetle, that was first published in the early 1870s...
, calvinistic priest and children writer - Jiří MahenJirí MahenJiří Mahen was a Czech novelist, playwright and essayist.- Life :He was born Antonín Vančura, in Čáslav, to an old noble family of the Moravian Brethren faith. In his grammar-school years he became an anarchist. He later studied linguistics of the Czech and German languages at Prague University...
, writer - František MoravecFrantišek MoravecFrantišek Moravec was Czechoslovak military intelligence officer before and during World War II....
, military intelligence officer - Antonín RüklAntonín RüklAntonín Rükl is an astronomer, cartographer, and author from the Czech Republic.He was born in Čáslav, Czechoslovakia. As a student he developed what was to be a life-long interest in Astronomy...
, astronomer - Josef SvobodaJosef SvobodaJosef Svoboda was a Czech artist and scenic designer.Svoboda was born in Čáslav, Czechoslovakia . He began his training as an architect at the Central School of Housing in Prague. At the end of World War II he became interested in theatre and design...
, scenographer - Rudolf TěsnohlídekRudolf TesnohlídekRudolf Těsnohlídek was a Czech writer, journalist and translator. He also used the pseudonym Arnošt Bellis.- Life :...
, writer - Ludmila FormanováLudmila FormanováLudmila Formanová is a former Czech middle distance runner who specialized in the 800 metres.In 1999 she broke Maria de Lurdes Mutola's running streak at the World Indoor Championships, and won in a championship record of 1:56.90...
, sportwoman - Stanislav Mach,organist, composer