Eduardo Pareyón Moreno
Encyclopedia
Eduardo Luis Pareyón Moreno (December 2, 1921 – March 15, 2000) was a Mexican
architect
and archaeologist
. He was a pioneer researcher in several aspects of modern Mexican archaeology. He was born and also died in Azcapotzalco
, Federal District, from a family renowned for its contributions to the humanities
and sciences.
and started a brilliant career assisting architect Mario Pani
during projects as the new National Conservatory
and the Latinoamericana Tower, both in Mexico City. However, he soon get interested with archaeologic excavations, due to the rich history of the soil in many areas where he was working as architect. Another element that influenced his first studies as archaeologist, was that during his childhood he spent many days exploring the old ruins of Teotihuacan
, years before its reconstruction. Actually, Pareyón Moreno's father, colonel Eduardo Pareyón Azpeitia, was a friend of Manuel Gamio
, whose work and personality had an impact during his first cultural development.
He returned to study at the National School of Anthropology, where he completed his master dissertation "Excavations at the archaeologic zone of Cerro del Tepalcate" (1961).
during excavation and register works in archaeological sites in Quiotepec, Tecomavaca, Los Cues, and Cuicatlán, Oaxaca
.
In 1959 was named director of the Museum of Popular Arts at Pátzcuaro
, Michoacán
.
Around 1960 Pareyon was exploring and mapping archaeological sites in the low basin of the Balsas River
, at El Infiernillo Dam
. In 1961-62 he conducted the reconstruction of the Tenayuca
pyramid superposition 6, and was exploring Huejotla
, Texcoco
archaeological site. In 1964 the INAH assigns him the whole reconstruction of Santa Cecilia Acatitla ruins, Estado de México.
In 1970 he was named Chief of Archaeological Sites Maintenance of INAH. During the same year he moved to Palenque
, with the task of developing the studies on the unknown surroundings of the site. In 1972 he conducted consolidation works at Tulum ruins, and in 1973 he developed the project for the Archaeological Museum of Tlapacoya
, Estado de México. During 1975 was in charge of developing excavations and reconstructive tasks in Calixtlahuaca, an later in Tepetlaoztoc (1978), and in Ex-Convent of Churubusco (1980–81).
and the studies about the yacatas structures in the Michoacan
area of Tzintzuntzan
. He also initiated the archaeological works showing the mural
paintings of the Cholula
pyramid in Puebla
.
He taught history of Mexican art
and architecture during 35 years, at the National School of Anthropology and the National Academy of San Carlos, in Mexico City.
He was accepted to the Membership of the Society for American Archaeology, 1962.[2]
Mexico
The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of...
architect
Architecture
Architecture is both the process and product of planning, designing and construction. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural and political symbols and as works of art...
and archaeologist
Archaeology
Archaeology, or archeology , is the study of human society, primarily through the recovery and analysis of the material culture and environmental data that they have left behind, which includes artifacts, architecture, biofacts and cultural landscapes...
. He was a pioneer researcher in several aspects of modern Mexican archaeology. He was born and also died in Azcapotzalco
Azcapotzalco
Azcapotzalco is one of the 16 delegaciones into which Mexico's Federal District is divided. Azcapotzalco is in the northwestern part of Mexico City...
, Federal District, from a family renowned for its contributions to the humanities
Humanities
The humanities are academic disciplines that study the human condition, using methods that are primarily analytical, critical, or speculative, as distinguished from the mainly empirical approaches of the natural sciences....
and sciences.
Education
He studied architecture at the National UniversityNational Autonomous University of Mexico
The Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México is a university in Mexico. UNAM was founded on 22 September 1910 by Justo Sierra as a liberal alternative to the Roman Catholic-sponsored Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico The Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) (National Autonomous...
and started a brilliant career assisting architect Mario Pani
Mario Pani
Mario Pani Darqui was a Mexican architect and urbanist, one of the most active under the rule of president Miguel Alemán Valdés...
during projects as the new National Conservatory
National Conservatory of Music (Mexico)
The National Conservatory of Music of Mexico is a music conservatory located in the Polanco section of Mexico City, Federal District, Mexico.-History:...
and the Latinoamericana Tower, both in Mexico City. However, he soon get interested with archaeologic excavations, due to the rich history of the soil in many areas where he was working as architect. Another element that influenced his first studies as archaeologist, was that during his childhood he spent many days exploring the old ruins of Teotihuacan
Teotihuacan
Teotihuacan – also written Teotihuacán, with a Spanish orthographic accent on the last syllable – is an enormous archaeological site in the Basin of Mexico, just 30 miles northeast of Mexico City, containing some of the largest pyramidal structures built in the pre-Columbian Americas...
, years before its reconstruction. Actually, Pareyón Moreno's father, colonel Eduardo Pareyón Azpeitia, was a friend of Manuel Gamio
Manuel Gamio
Manuel Gamio was a Mexican anthropologist, archaeologist, sociologist, and a leader of the indigenismo movement. He is often considered as the father of modern anthropological studies in Mexico...
, whose work and personality had an impact during his first cultural development.
He returned to study at the National School of Anthropology, where he completed his master dissertation "Excavations at the archaeologic zone of Cerro del Tepalcate" (1961).
Career
From 1955 to 1959 was assistant of Alfonso CasoAlfonso Caso
Alfonso Caso y Andrade was an archaeologist who made important contributions to pre-Columbian studies in his native Mexico. Caso believed that the systematic study of ancient Mexican civilizations was an important way to understand Mexican cultural roots...
during excavation and register works in archaeological sites in Quiotepec, Tecomavaca, Los Cues, and Cuicatlán, Oaxaca
Oaxaca
Oaxaca , , officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Oaxaca is one of the 31 states which, along with the Federal District, comprise the 32 federative entities of Mexico. It is divided into 571 municipalities; of which 418 are governed by the system of customs and traditions...
.
In 1959 was named director of the Museum of Popular Arts at Pátzcuaro
Pátzcuaro
Pátzcuaro is a large town and municipality located in the state of Michoacán. The town was founded sometime in the 1320s, at first becoming the capital of the Tarascan state and later its ceremonial center...
, Michoacán
Michoacán
Michoacán officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Michoacán de Ocampo is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided in 113 municipalities and its capital city is Morelia...
.
Around 1960 Pareyon was exploring and mapping archaeological sites in the low basin of the Balsas River
Balsas River
The Balsas River is a major river of south-central Mexico. The basin flows through the states of Puebla, Morelos, Guerrero, and Mexico. The river empties into the Pacific Ocean at Mangrove Point, adjacent to the city of Lázaro Cárdenas, Michoacán...
, at El Infiernillo Dam
Infiernillo Dam
The Infiernillo Dam , also known as Adolfo Lopez Mateos Dam, is an embankment dam on the Balsas River near La Unión, Guerrero, Mexico. The dam supports a hydroelectric power station containing six turbine-generators for a total installed capacity of 1,120 MW. The dam is high, long and is owned by...
. In 1961-62 he conducted the reconstruction of the Tenayuca
Tenayuca
Tenayuca is a pre-Columbian Mesoamerican archaeological site in the Valley of Mexico. In the Postclassic period of Mesoamerican chronology Tenayuca was a settlement on the former shoreline of the western arm of Lake Texcoco, located approximately 10km to the northwest of Tenochtitlan...
pyramid superposition 6, and was exploring Huejotla
Huejotla
Huexotla or Huexotla is an archaeological site located 5 kilometers south of Texcoco, at the town of San Luis Huexotla, close to Chapingo, in the Mexico State....
, Texcoco
Texcoco, Mexico State
Texcoco is a city and municipality located in the northeast portion of Mexico State, 25 km northeast of Mexico City. In the pre-Hispanic era, this was a major Aztec city on the shores of Lake Texcoco. After the Conquest, the city was initially the second most important after Mexico City,...
archaeological site. In 1964 the INAH assigns him the whole reconstruction of Santa Cecilia Acatitla ruins, Estado de México.
In 1970 he was named Chief of Archaeological Sites Maintenance of INAH. During the same year he moved to Palenque
Palenque
Palenque was a Maya city state in southern Mexico that flourished in the 7th century. The Palenque ruins date back to 100 BC to its fall around 800 AD...
, with the task of developing the studies on the unknown surroundings of the site. In 1972 he conducted consolidation works at Tulum ruins, and in 1973 he developed the project for the Archaeological Museum of Tlapacoya
Tlapacoya
Tlapacoya may refer to:*Tlapacoya, Puebla, a municipality in the state of Puebla, Mexico*Tlapacoya , an archaeological site in the Valley of Mexico...
, Estado de México. During 1975 was in charge of developing excavations and reconstructive tasks in Calixtlahuaca, an later in Tepetlaoztoc (1978), and in Ex-Convent of Churubusco (1980–81).
Achievements
His most important contributions to Mexican archaeology were the recovering of the ruins of Santa Cecilia AcatitlanSanta Cecilia Acatitlan
Acatitlan is an archeological zone of the early Aztec culture located in the town of Santa Cecilia, in the municipality of Tlalnepantla de Baz in Mexico State, about 10 km northwest of Mexico City...
and the studies about the yacatas structures in the Michoacan
Michoacán
Michoacán officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Michoacán de Ocampo is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided in 113 municipalities and its capital city is Morelia...
area of Tzintzuntzan
Tzintzuntzan
Tzintzuntzan was the ceremonial center of the pre-Columbian Tarascan state capital of the same name. The name comes from the P'urhépecha word Ts’intsuntsani, which means "place of hummingbirds". After being in Pátzcuaro for the first years of the Tarascan empire, power was consolidated in...
. He also initiated the archaeological works showing the mural
Mural
A mural is any piece of artwork painted or applied directly on a wall, ceiling or other large permanent surface. A particularly distinguishing characteristic of mural painting is that the architectural elements of the given space are harmoniously incorporated into the picture.-History:Murals of...
paintings of the Cholula
Cholula (Mesoamerican site)
Cholula , was an important city of pre-Columbian Mesoamerica, dating back to at least the 2nd century BCE, with settlement as a village going back at least some thousand years earlier. The great site of Cholula stands just west of the modern city of Puebla. Its immense pyramid exceeds the Pyramid...
pyramid in Puebla
Puebla
Puebla officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Puebla is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided in 217 municipalities and its capital city is Puebla....
.
He taught history of Mexican art
Mexican art
Mexican art consists of the various visual and plastic arts which developed over the geographical area now known as Mexico. The development of these arts roughly follow the history of Mexico, divided into the Mesoamerican era, the colonial period, with the period after the gaining of Independence...
and architecture during 35 years, at the National School of Anthropology and the National Academy of San Carlos, in Mexico City.
He was accepted to the Membership of the Society for American Archaeology, 1962.[2]
Published works
- (1952) [with R. Pina Chan and A. Romano Pacheco] "Tlatilco: nuevo sitio preclasico del Valle de Mexico". vol. 1, nos. 3-4, pp. 9–14.
- (1957) "Exploraciones Arqueológicas en la Ciudad Vieja de Quiotepec, Oaxaca". VII Mesa Redonda Sociedad Mexicana de Antropología. Ms. (IWO).
- (1960) "Exploraciones Arqueológicas en Ciudad Vieja de Quiotepec, Oaxaca". RMEA vol. 16. (IWO).
- (1961) "Excavaciones en la zona arqueológica del Cerro del Tepalcate, San Rafael Champa, Estado de México", ENAH, Maestría en Arqueología, 141 pp.
- (1968) "Arquitectura de México; los mexicas", Revista CAM-SAM, vol. 1, no. 1; pp. 24–26.
- (1972) "Las pirámides de doble escalera". In Religión en Mesoamérica. XII Mesa Redonda, Sociedad Mexicana de Antropología, edited by Jaime Litvak King, and Noemí Castillo Tejero, pp. 117–126. Sociedad Mexicana de Antropología, Mexico City.
- (1988) "Objetos maqueados". In La Garrafa: Cuevas de La Garrafa, Chiapas: estudio y conservación de algunos objetos arqueológicos, edited by María Elena Landa et al. Gobierno del Estado de Puebla and Centro Regional de Puebla, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Puebla; pp. 183–209.
Further reading
- Dudley T. E. (1962). "'South American' Metal Techniques Found Recently in Western Mexico", American Antiquity, Vol. 28, No. 1 (Jul.), pp. 19–24.
- Barba, Beatriz (1988). 'Eduardo Pareyón' in "La Antropología en México. Los protagonistas", vol.11 Col. Biblioteca, INAH. Mexico DF, pp 144–147.
- Méndez Mejía, U. (1999). "Técnicas nucleares y convencionales aplicadas al análisis de metales Purépechas de la colección Pareyón", tesis de licenciatura en arqueología, Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia (inah), México DF.
- Méndez Mejía, U.; Ruvalcaba, J.L.; López, J.A.; Tenorio, D. (2005). "Técnicas nucleares y convencionales aplicadas al análisis de metales Purépecha de la colección Pareyón", Arqueometría, Técnicas Nucleares y Convencionales Aplicadas a la Investigación Arqueológica, R. Esparza y E. Cárdenás(eds.), El Colegio de Michoacán A. C., 93 108.
External links
- http://www.conservacionyrestauracion.inah.gob.mx/html/correo_restaurador/html/CORE0205.html Materiales arqueológicos de la Colección Pareyón
- http://www.inin.gob.mx/publicaciones/documentospdf/55%20Determinacion.pdf López Valenzuela R. (2009) «Reconstruyendo una historia perdida, Materiales Teotihuacanos de la Colección Pareyón»
- http://www.jstor.org/pss/278805 by Society for American Archaeology