Estácio de Sá
Encyclopedia
Estácio de Sá was a Portuguese
soldier
and officer who came to Brazil
on orders of the Portuguese crown to wage war
on the French
colonists commanded by Nicolas Durand de Villegaignon
(1510–1571), who had established themselves in 1555 at the Guanabara Bay
in Rio de Janeiro
, in the episode which became known as France Antarctique
.
A nephew of Brazilian Governor General Mem de Sá
(1500–1572), he had arrived at Salvador, Bahia
, in 1563. In 1565, after extensive preparations and the help of Jesuits, such as Manuel da Nóbrega
(1517–1570) and José de Anchieta
(1534–1597), he departed by sea from São Vicente, São Paulo
, the first Portuguese settlement in Brazil (1532), with an attack force. On March 1, he founded the city of Rio de Janeiro
near the Sugarloaf Mountain
and established the basis of his military operations against the French and their Aboriginal
allies. After receiving reinforcements sent by sea by his uncle from Salvador, he commanded a definitive and successful attack on January 20, 1567. However, he died on February 20, of wounds inflicted by an arrow
, which had perforated his eye
.
Estácio de Sá is honoured by naming thousands of schools, streets, avenues, etc. in Brazil, particularly relevant:
Portugal
Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the...
soldier
Soldier
A soldier is a member of the land component of national armed forces; whereas a soldier hired for service in a foreign army would be termed a mercenary...
and officer who came to Brazil
Brazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
on orders of the Portuguese crown to wage war
War
War is a state of organized, armed, and often prolonged conflict carried on between states, nations, or other parties typified by extreme aggression, social disruption, and usually high mortality. War should be understood as an actual, intentional and widespread armed conflict between political...
on the French
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
colonists commanded by Nicolas Durand de Villegaignon
Nicolas Durand de Villegaignon
Nicolas Durand, sieur de Villegaignon, also Villegagnon was a Commander of the Knights of Malta, and later a French naval officer who attempted to help the Huguenots in France escape persecution.A notable public figure in his time, Villegaignon was a mixture of soldier,...
(1510–1571), who had established themselves in 1555 at the Guanabara Bay
Guanabara Bay
Guanabara Bay is an oceanic bay located in southeastern Brazil in the state of Rio de Janeiro. On its western shore lies the city of Rio de Janeiro, and on its eastern shore the cities of Niterói and São Gonçalo. Four other municipalities surround the bay's shores...
in Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro , commonly referred to simply as Rio, is the capital city of the State of Rio de Janeiro, the second largest city of Brazil, and the third largest metropolitan area and agglomeration in South America, boasting approximately 6.3 million people within the city proper, making it the 6th...
, in the episode which became known as France Antarctique
France Antarctique
France Antarctique was a French colony south of the Equator, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, which existed between 1555 and 1567, and had control over the coast from Rio de Janeiro to Cabo Frio...
.
A nephew of Brazilian Governor General Mem de Sá
Mem de Sá
Mem de Sá was a Governor-General of Brazil from 1557-1572.He was born in Coimbra, Portugal, around 1500, the year of discovery of Brazil by a naval fleet commanded by Pedro Álvares Cabral....
(1500–1572), he had arrived at Salvador, Bahia
Bahia
Bahia is one of the 26 states of Brazil, and is located in the northeastern part of the country on the Atlantic coast. It is the fourth most populous Brazilian state after São Paulo, Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro, and the fifth-largest in size...
, in 1563. In 1565, after extensive preparations and the help of Jesuits, such as Manuel da Nóbrega
Manuel da Nóbrega
Manuel da Nóbrega was a Portuguese Jesuit priest and first Provincial of the Society of Jesus in colonial Brazil...
(1517–1570) and José de Anchieta
José de Anchieta
José de Anchieta was a Canarian Jesuit missionary to Brazil in the second half of the 16th century. A highly influential figure in Brazil's history in the 1st century after its discovery on April 22, 1500 by a Portuguese fleet commanded by Pedro Álvares Cabral, Anchieta was one of the founders of...
(1534–1597), he departed by sea from São Vicente, São Paulo
São Vicente, São Paulo
São Vicente is a coastal city of southern São Paulo, Brazil. Its estimated population in 2006 was 329,370 inhabitants.It was the first Portuguese permanent settlement in the Americas and the first capital of the Captaincy of São Vicente, now the state of São Paulo...
, the first Portuguese settlement in Brazil (1532), with an attack force. On March 1, he founded the city of Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro , commonly referred to simply as Rio, is the capital city of the State of Rio de Janeiro, the second largest city of Brazil, and the third largest metropolitan area and agglomeration in South America, boasting approximately 6.3 million people within the city proper, making it the 6th...
near the Sugarloaf Mountain
Sugarloaf Mountain, Brazil
Sugarloaf Mountain , is a peak situated in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, at the mouth of Guanabara Bay on a peninsula that sticks out into the Atlantic Ocean...
and established the basis of his military operations against the French and their Aboriginal
Indigenous peoples in Brazil
The Indigenous peoples in Brazil comprise a large number of distinct ethnic groups who inhabited the country prior to the European invasion around 1500...
allies. After receiving reinforcements sent by sea by his uncle from Salvador, he commanded a definitive and successful attack on January 20, 1567. However, he died on February 20, of wounds inflicted by an arrow
Arrow
An arrow is a shafted projectile that is shot with a bow. It predates recorded history and is common to most cultures.An arrow usually consists of a shaft with an arrowhead attached to the front end, with fletchings and a nock at the other.- History:...
, which had perforated his eye
Human eye
The human eye is an organ which reacts to light for several purposes. As a conscious sense organ, the eye allows vision. Rod and cone cells in the retina allow conscious light perception and vision including color differentiation and the perception of depth...
.
Estácio de Sá is honoured by naming thousands of schools, streets, avenues, etc. in Brazil, particularly relevant:
- the EstácioEstácio, Rio de JaneiroEstácio is a neighborhood in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.The neighborhood was named after Estácio de Sá, the founder of Rio de Janeiro.-References:...
neighborhood in the city of Rio de Janeiro; - the Grêmio Recreativo Escola de Samba Estácio de Sá, a samba schoolSamba schoolA samba school is a club or dancing school. They practice and often perform in huge square-compounds devoted to practicing and exhibiting samba, an African-Brazilian dance. The schools are traditionally associated with a particular neighborhood, often shanty towns...
of Rio, one of the cradles of sambaSambaSamba is a Brazilian dance and musical genre originating in Bahia and with its roots in Brazil and Africa via the West African slave trade and African religious traditions. It is recognized around the world as a symbol of Brazil and the Brazilian Carnival...
, the popular music of Brazil; - the Universidade Estácio de Sá, one of the three largest private universities of Brazil;
- the Universidade Estácio de Sá Futebol ClubeUniversidade Estácio de Sá Futebol ClubeEstácio de Sá Futebol Clube, usually known as Estácio de Sá, is a Brazilian football team from the city of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro state, founded on April 2, 2004...
, a football club owned by the above university
- the Universidade Estácio de Sá Futebol Clube