Eulalio Gutiérrez
Encyclopedia
Eulalio Gutiérrez Ortiz (February 2, 1881 – August 12, 1939) was elected provisional president of Mexico
during the Aguascalientes Convention and led the country for a few months between November 6, 1914, and January 16, 1915.
He was born on the Hacienda de Santo Domingo, in the municipality of Ramos Arizpe, Coahuila
. In his youth he was a shepherd and a miner in Concepción del Oro, Zacatecas
, where after some years he was named mayor of the municipality. After joining Ricardo Flores Magón
's Mexican Liberal Party
(Partido Liberal Mexicano) for a short period, he affiliated with the Anti-reelectionist Party (Partido Antirreleccionista) of Francisco I. Madero
in 1909.
He participated in the Mexican Revolution
, after which he returned to his native state
where he was elected mayor of Ramos Arizpe. After the coup d'état
of Victoriano Huerta
he took up arms again and placed himself under the orders of Pablo González Garza
in the Constitutionalist Army of Venustiano Carranza
.
During the Aguascalientes Convention, he was named the provisional president of the Republic on November 1, 1914 and assumed the position two days later. His cabinet was composed of Lucio Blanco
as Interior Minister; José Vasconcelos
as Minister for Public Instruction and Fine Arts; Valentín Gama as Minister for Public Works; Felícitos Villarreal as Finance Minister; José Isabel Robles as Defense Minister (Guerra y Marina); Manuel Palafox
as Agriculture Minister; Manuel Chao as Mayor of the Distrito Federal; Mateo Almanza as Commander of the National Guard (Guarnición de México), and Pánfilo Natera as president of the Supreme Military Tribunal.
A month after he took office, revolutionary leaders Francisco Villa and Emiliano Zapata
took Mexico City
. After seeing himself manipulated by Villa's troops, he decided to leave the capital on January 16, 1915 and moved his government to San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí
, where he declared Villa and Carranza traitors to the "revolutionary spirit" and formally resigned the presidency on July 2, 1915.
After exiling himself to the United States
, he returned to Mexico in 1920 under the amnesty of Álvaro Obregón
and was elected senator and governor of Coahuila
in 1928. Later on he publicly criticised the reelection of Álvaro Obregón and the maximato of Plutarco Elías Calles
(the period during which Calles was Jefe Maximo, "Maximum Chief", and ruled via puppet presidents) and joined the rebellion of José Gonzalo Escobar.
After the defeat of that rebellion, he exiled himself to San Antonio, Texas
, U.S.
, and did not return to Mexico until 1935. Four years later, he died in the city of Saltillo
.
Mexico
The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of...
during the Aguascalientes Convention and led the country for a few months between November 6, 1914, and January 16, 1915.
He was born on the Hacienda de Santo Domingo, in the municipality of Ramos Arizpe, Coahuila
Coahuila
Coahuila, formally Coahuila de Zaragoza , officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Coahuila de Zaragoza is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico...
. In his youth he was a shepherd and a miner in Concepción del Oro, Zacatecas
Zacatecas
Zacatecas officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Zacatecas is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided in 58 municipalities and its capital city is Zacatecas....
, where after some years he was named mayor of the municipality. After joining Ricardo Flores Magón
Ricardo Flores Magón
Cipriano Ricardo Flores Magón was a noted Mexican anarchist and social reform activist. His brothers Enrique and Jesús were also active in politics. Followers of the Magón brothers were known as Magonistas....
's Mexican Liberal Party
Mexican Liberal Party
The Mexican Liberal Party was an anarchist group co-founded by Ricardo Flores Magón in 1906, in opposition to the rule of Porfirio Díaz. The MLP was involved in strikes and uprisings in Mexico from 1906 to 1911. The party controlled most parts of Baja California in 1911, including Tijuana,...
(Partido Liberal Mexicano) for a short period, he affiliated with the Anti-reelectionist Party (Partido Antirreleccionista) of Francisco I. Madero
Francisco I. Madero
Francisco Ignacio Madero González was a politician, writer and revolutionary who served as President of Mexico from 1911 to 1913. As a respectable upper-class politician, he supplied a center around which opposition to the dictatorship of Porfirio Díaz could coalesce...
in 1909.
He participated in the Mexican Revolution
Mexican Revolution
The Mexican Revolution was a major armed struggle that started in 1910, with an uprising led by Francisco I. Madero against longtime autocrat Porfirio Díaz. The Revolution was characterized by several socialist, liberal, anarchist, populist, and agrarianist movements. Over time the Revolution...
, after which he returned to his native state
States of Mexico
The United Mexican States is a federal republic formed by 32 federal entities .According to the Constitution of 1917, the states of the federation are free and sovereign. Each state has their own congress and constitution, while the Federal District has only limited autonomy with a local Congress...
where he was elected mayor of Ramos Arizpe. After the coup d'état
Coup d'état
A coup d'état state, literally: strike/blow of state)—also known as a coup, putsch, and overthrow—is the sudden, extrajudicial deposition of a government, usually by a small group of the existing state establishment—typically the military—to replace the deposed government with another body; either...
of Victoriano Huerta
Victoriano Huerta
José Victoriano Huerta Márquez was a Mexican military officer and president of Mexico. Huerta's supporters were known as Huertistas during the Mexican Revolution...
he took up arms again and placed himself under the orders of Pablo González Garza
Pablo González Garza
Pablo González Garza was a Mexican General during the Mexican Revolution. He is considered to be the main organizer of the assassination of Emiliano Zapata....
in the Constitutionalist Army of Venustiano Carranza
Venustiano Carranza
Venustiano Carranza de la Garza, was one of the leaders of the Mexican Revolution. He ultimately became President of Mexico following the overthrow of the dictatorial Huerta regime in the summer of 1914 and during his administration the current constitution of Mexico was drafted...
.
Lucio Blanco
Lucio Blanco was a Mexican military officer, noteworthy for his participation in the Mexican Revolution of 1910 to 1920.-Biography:...
as Interior Minister; José Vasconcelos
José Vasconcelos
José Vasconcelos Calderón was a Mexican writer, philosopher and politician. He is one of the most influential and controversial personalities in the development of modern Mexico. His philosophy of "indigenismo" affected all aspects of Mexican sociocultural, political, and economic...
as Minister for Public Instruction and Fine Arts; Valentín Gama as Minister for Public Works; Felícitos Villarreal as Finance Minister; José Isabel Robles as Defense Minister (Guerra y Marina); Manuel Palafox
Manuel Palafox
Manuel Palafox was a Mexican politician, soldier and intellectual.Palafox studied in Puebla, his city of birth, and became an entrepreneur. In 1911, he joined the Liberation Army of the South of Emiliano Zapata, initially to defend his home...
as Agriculture Minister; Manuel Chao as Mayor of the Distrito Federal; Mateo Almanza as Commander of the National Guard (Guarnición de México), and Pánfilo Natera as president of the Supreme Military Tribunal.
A month after he took office, revolutionary leaders Francisco Villa and Emiliano Zapata
Emiliano Zapata
Emiliano Zapata Salazar was a leading figure in the Mexican Revolution, which broke out in 1910, and which was initially directed against the president Porfirio Díaz. He formed and commanded an important revolutionary force, the Liberation Army of the South, during the Mexican Revolution...
took Mexico City
Mexico City
Mexico City is the Federal District , capital of Mexico and seat of the federal powers of the Mexican Union. It is a federal entity within Mexico which is not part of any one of the 31 Mexican states but belongs to the federation as a whole...
. After seeing himself manipulated by Villa's troops, he decided to leave the capital on January 16, 1915 and moved his government to San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí
San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí
San Luis Potosí, commonly called SLP or simply San Luis, is the capital of, and most populous city in the Mexican state of the same name. The city lies at an elevation of 1,850 meters...
, where he declared Villa and Carranza traitors to the "revolutionary spirit" and formally resigned the presidency on July 2, 1915.
After exiling himself to the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
, he returned to Mexico in 1920 under the amnesty of Álvaro Obregón
Álvaro Obregón
General Álvaro Obregón Salido was the President of Mexico from 1920 to 1924. He was assassinated in 1928, shortly after winning election to another presidential term....
and was elected senator and governor of Coahuila
Coahuila
Coahuila, formally Coahuila de Zaragoza , officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Coahuila de Zaragoza is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico...
in 1928. Later on he publicly criticised the reelection of Álvaro Obregón and the maximato of Plutarco Elías Calles
Plutarco Elías Calles
Plutarco Elías Calles was a Mexican general and politician. He was president of Mexico from 1924 to 1928, but he continued to be the de facto ruler from 1928–1935, a period known as the maximato...
(the period during which Calles was Jefe Maximo, "Maximum Chief", and ruled via puppet presidents) and joined the rebellion of José Gonzalo Escobar.
After the defeat of that rebellion, he exiled himself to San Antonio, Texas
San Antonio, Texas
San Antonio is the seventh-largest city in the United States of America and the second-largest city within the state of Texas, with a population of 1.33 million. Located in the American Southwest and the south–central part of Texas, the city serves as the seat of Bexar County. In 2011,...
, U.S.
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
, and did not return to Mexico until 1935. Four years later, he died in the city of Saltillo
Saltillo
Saltillo is the capital city of the northeastern Mexican state of Coahuila and the municipal seat of the municipality of the same name. The city is located about 400 km south of the U.S. state of Texas, and 90 km west of Monterrey, Nuevo León....
.