François Louis Michel Chemin Deforgues
Encyclopedia
François Louis Michel Chemin des Forgues (born September 29, 1759 Vire
- September 10, 1840 Maincy
(Seine-et-Marne
)) was a French politician, and Foreign Minister.
, he was clerk to Danton
, when he was attorney for the Parliament of Paris, He was also committed to the authority of the octroi
of Paris.
Member of the Commune of Paris, created August 10, 1792 and protected by Danton, he was appointed bureau chief of illumination, August 24 and was deputy, September 2, with Marat, of the Supervisory Committee the town. On 3 September, he co-signed a Committee circular to justify the massacres of September and considered a call to imitate the example of the "common good of Paris." Later, he protested his innocence, saying that his name had replaced another. On 30 Thermidor Year III (August 17, 1795), he published a pamphlet entitled: "Deforgues to citizens (to defend themselves for having participated in massacres of September)", in which he claimed to have been attached to the administration of police September 14. However, according to Maurice Barthelemy, it was reported that at the worst moment, he imprisoned in the Abbaye citizen Claude Sujet who perished on the spot.
He was the first Secretary General of the Committee of Public Safety
of The Mountain
, dominated by Danton and Barrere then, at the request of Jean-Nicolas Pache
, was appointed Deputy Minister of War Bouchotte, the 5th Division, May 9, 1793. Miot de Melito, who knew him, said he was "a firm and decided, with the spirit of the enlightenment. His aristocratic origin had approached Barrere." "
After June 2, he was appointed by the Convention at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the Executive Council, replacing Lebrun-Tondu
on June 21, 1793, on motion of Marie-Jean Hérault de Séchelles
who introduced him as: "a true Republican, a well spoken sans-culotte", and explained: "Deforgues has a well-organized mind, he loves the book and has done a lot." In fact, he thought only a little about the conduct of diplomatic business. In fact Barrere, who had the upper hand on the diplomacy of the Year II, tightly controlled the machinery. Thus, at the request of Barrere, he recruited agents of British counter intelligence, such as Richard Ferris
, with missions to England and Ireland. His name appears not only in the English ministerial papers - particularly those of Lord Grenville - but also in the letter from the Foreign Office to Perrégaux asking 'Chemin-Deforgues' - (spelling adopted during the Revolution) - to promote disorder and "push the Jacobins in paroxysms of fury". With the endorsement of Barrere, he was paid by the British government, among others, to counter the business of United Irishmen and disrupted services by untimely hiring, as he employed Jean Baptiste Noël Bouchotte
at the Department of War.
On March 4, 1794, Jacques Hébert
denounced him to the Cordeliers
as follows: "A Deforgues who takes the place of Foreign Minister and well known that I call the Minister for Foreign Affairs!". On 13 Germinal Year II (April 2, 1794), he was deposed and replaced by Martial Joseph Armand Herman
. Arrested, he was imprisoned in Luxembourg
for four months. On 14 Germinal, the warrant for his arrest was signed by du Barran
, Élie Lacoste
, Vadier
, Moyse Bayle
, Robespierre, Prieur de la Côte-d'Or
, Barrere - (his friend) - Saint-Just, Amar
, Carnot
and Collot d'Herbois; he wrote to the "Incorruptible", attributing his imprisonment as a result of his intimacy with Danton. In this letter, he took advantage of the protection of Barrere. He was released after the 9th Thermidor.
His detention attributed to "Robespierre" exempted him from accounting for his deplorable administration. He "matures" somehow, and having to be diplomatic for his own interests, he was appointed in October 1799, at the Anglo-Russian invasion, Minister Plenipotentiary to the Batavian Republic, where he attended and succeeded Florent Guiot. He was recalled after 18 Brumaire, and replaced by Semonville
. He lived in retirement when, in 1804, after the Louisiana Purchase in the United States, he was sent to New Orleans as trade commissioner. He spent five years in the country, where he married. On his return journey he was captured at sea by the English, but almost immediately released. Exiled to twenty leagues from Paris by Napoleon, he retired in August 1815 to Maincy, where he died.
Vire
Vire is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France.- History :In 1123, Henri I Beauclerc, King of England and Duke of Normandy, had a redoubt constructed on a rocky hill top, which was surrounded by the Vire river...
- September 10, 1840 Maincy
Maincy
Maincy is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France.The chateau of Vaux-le-Vicomte is located in the commune.-External links:* * * *...
(Seine-et-Marne
Seine-et-Marne
Seine-et-Marne is a French department, named after the Seine and Marne rivers, and located in the Île-de-France region.- History:Seine-et-Marne is one of the original 83 departments, created on March 4, 1790 during the French Revolution in application of the law of December 22, 1789...
)) was a French politician, and Foreign Minister.
Biography
Son of Jean Forgues Path and Anne-Bertrand Thomas de la Marche, he came to Paris, at twelve years old, studying at the College Louis-le-Grand and then to law school. According to Madame RolandRoland
Roland was a Frankish military leader under Charlemagne who became one of the principal figures in the literary cycle known as the Matter of France. Historically, Roland was military governor of the Breton March, with responsibility for defending the frontier of Francia against the Bretons...
, he was clerk to Danton
Georges Danton
Georges Jacques Danton was leading figure in the early stages of the French Revolution and the first President of the Committee of Public Safety. Danton's role in the onset of the Revolution has been disputed; many historians describe him as "the chief force in theoverthrow of the monarchy and the...
, when he was attorney for the Parliament of Paris, He was also committed to the authority of the octroi
Octroi
Octroi is a local tax collected on various articles brought into a district for consumption.-Antiquity:Octroi taxes have a respectable antiquity, being known in Roman times as vectigalia...
of Paris.
Member of the Commune of Paris, created August 10, 1792 and protected by Danton, he was appointed bureau chief of illumination, August 24 and was deputy, September 2, with Marat, of the Supervisory Committee the town. On 3 September, he co-signed a Committee circular to justify the massacres of September and considered a call to imitate the example of the "common good of Paris." Later, he protested his innocence, saying that his name had replaced another. On 30 Thermidor Year III (August 17, 1795), he published a pamphlet entitled: "Deforgues to citizens (to defend themselves for having participated in massacres of September)", in which he claimed to have been attached to the administration of police September 14. However, according to Maurice Barthelemy, it was reported that at the worst moment, he imprisoned in the Abbaye citizen Claude Sujet who perished on the spot.
He was the first Secretary General of the Committee of Public Safety
Committee of Public Safety
The Committee of Public Safety , created in April 1793 by the National Convention and then restructured in July 1793, formed the de facto executive government in France during the Reign of Terror , a stage of the French Revolution...
of The Mountain
The Mountain
The Mountain refers in the context of the history of the French Revolution to a political group, whose members, called Montagnards, sat on the highest benches in the Assembly...
, dominated by Danton and Barrere then, at the request of Jean-Nicolas Pache
Jean-Nicolas Pache
Jean-Nicolas Pache was a French politician.-Biography:Pache was born in Verdun, but grew up in Paris, of Swiss parentage, the son of the concièrge of the hotel of Marshal de Castries...
, was appointed Deputy Minister of War Bouchotte, the 5th Division, May 9, 1793. Miot de Melito, who knew him, said he was "a firm and decided, with the spirit of the enlightenment. His aristocratic origin had approached Barrere." "
After June 2, he was appointed by the Convention at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the Executive Council, replacing Lebrun-Tondu
Pierre Henri Hélène Marie Lebrun-Tondu
Pierre-Henri-Hélène-Marie Lebrun-Tondu was a journalist and a French minister, during the French Revolution.-Before the Revolution:...
on June 21, 1793, on motion of Marie-Jean Hérault de Séchelles
Marie-Jean Hérault de Séchelles
Marie-Jean Hérault de Séchelles was a French judge and politician who took part in the French Revolution.-Origins and early career:...
who introduced him as: "a true Republican, a well spoken sans-culotte", and explained: "Deforgues has a well-organized mind, he loves the book and has done a lot." In fact, he thought only a little about the conduct of diplomatic business. In fact Barrere, who had the upper hand on the diplomacy of the Year II, tightly controlled the machinery. Thus, at the request of Barrere, he recruited agents of British counter intelligence, such as Richard Ferris
Richard Ferris
Richard Ferris was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons of England in 1640.Ferris was born at Barnstaple, the son of Philip Ferris and his wife Thomasyn Cade....
, with missions to England and Ireland. His name appears not only in the English ministerial papers - particularly those of Lord Grenville - but also in the letter from the Foreign Office to Perrégaux asking 'Chemin-Deforgues' - (spelling adopted during the Revolution) - to promote disorder and "push the Jacobins in paroxysms of fury". With the endorsement of Barrere, he was paid by the British government, among others, to counter the business of United Irishmen and disrupted services by untimely hiring, as he employed Jean Baptiste Noël Bouchotte
Jean Baptiste Noël Bouchotte
Jean Baptiste Noël Bouchotte was a minister in the French government. He was born in Metz.At the outbreak of the Revolution he was a captain of cavalry, and his zeal led to his being made colonel and given the command at Cambrai...
at the Department of War.
On March 4, 1794, Jacques Hébert
Jacques Hébert
Jacques René Hébert was a French journalist, and the founder and editor of the extreme radical newspaper Le Père Duchesne during the French Revolution...
denounced him to the Cordeliers
Cordeliers
The Cordeliers, also known as the Club of the Cordeliers, Cordeliers Club, or Club des Cordeliers and formally as the Society of the Friends of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen , was a populist club during the French Revolution.-History:The club had its origins in the Cordeliers district, a...
as follows: "A Deforgues who takes the place of Foreign Minister and well known that I call the Minister for Foreign Affairs!". On 13 Germinal Year II (April 2, 1794), he was deposed and replaced by Martial Joseph Armand Herman
Martial Joseph Armand Herman
Martial Joseph Armand Herman , was a politician of the French Revolution, and temporary French Foreign Minister.-Life:...
. Arrested, he was imprisoned in Luxembourg
Prisons of the Reign of Terror
Prisons of the Reign of Terror indicates a process set up under the Reign of Terror, inaugurated after the lawsuit of the dantonists, then set up in a systematic manner, after the vote of the Law of 22 Prairial...
for four months. On 14 Germinal, the warrant for his arrest was signed by du Barran
Joseph-Nicolas Barbeau du Barran
Joseph-Nicolas Barbeau du Barran was a French politician. He was deputy to the French National Convention and a member of the Chambre des représentants de France during the Hundred Days.-Life:...
, Élie Lacoste
Élie Lacoste
Élie Lacoste was a French politician during the French Revolution-Source:*Histoire et dictionnaire de la Révolution française 1789-1799 de Jean Tulard, Jean-François Fayard, Alfred Fierro...
, Vadier
Marc-Guillaume Alexis Vadier
Marc-Guillaume Alexis Vadier was a French politician of the French Revolution.-Early career:Son of a wealthy family in Pamiers, Ariège, he served in the army of the king Louis XV, taking part in the Seven Years' War and the Battle of Rossbach on 5 November 1757...
, Moyse Bayle
Moyse Bayle
Moyse Antoine Pierre Jean Bayle was a French politician of the French Revolution.-References:...
, Robespierre, Prieur de la Côte-d'Or
Claude Antoine, comte Prieur-Duvernois
Claude Antoine, comte Prieur-Duvernois, commonly known as Prieur de la Côte-d'Or after his native département, to distinguish him from Pierre Louis Prieur , was a French engineer and a politician during and after the French Revolution.-Early life and revolutionary beginnings:Born in Auxonne,...
, Barrere - (his friend) - Saint-Just, Amar
Jean-Pierre-André Amar
Jean-Pierre-André Amar or Jean-Baptiste-André Amar was a French political figure of the Revolution.-Early activities:...
, Carnot
Lazare Carnot
Lazare Nicolas Marguerite, Comte Carnot , the Organizer of Victory in the French Revolutionary Wars, was a French politician, engineer, and mathematician.-Education and early life:...
and Collot d'Herbois; he wrote to the "Incorruptible", attributing his imprisonment as a result of his intimacy with Danton. In this letter, he took advantage of the protection of Barrere. He was released after the 9th Thermidor.
His detention attributed to "Robespierre" exempted him from accounting for his deplorable administration. He "matures" somehow, and having to be diplomatic for his own interests, he was appointed in October 1799, at the Anglo-Russian invasion, Minister Plenipotentiary to the Batavian Republic, where he attended and succeeded Florent Guiot. He was recalled after 18 Brumaire, and replaced by Semonville
Charles Louis Huguet, marquis de Sémonville
Charles Louis Huguet, marquis de Sémonville was a French diplomat and politician. He was made a count of the First French Empire in 1808, and marquis in 1819.-Biography:...
. He lived in retirement when, in 1804, after the Louisiana Purchase in the United States, he was sent to New Orleans as trade commissioner. He spent five years in the country, where he married. On his return journey he was captured at sea by the English, but almost immediately released. Exiled to twenty leagues from Paris by Napoleon, he retired in August 1815 to Maincy, where he died.