Fuerzas Populares de Liberación Farabundo Martí
Encyclopedia
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The Fuerzas Populares de Liberación "Farabundo Martí" (FPL) (English
: Farabundo Martí Liberation People's Forces) was a left wing guerrilla military and political organization in El Salvador
. It was the oldest of the five groups who in 1980, merged to form the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN).
in El Salvador. The FPL were formed on April 1 of 1970. Amongst the founders, Salvador Cayetano Carpio was considered top leader of the organization, and the leader of the educational union, Mélida Anaya Montes and university professors Clara Elizabeth Ramírez and Felipe Peña Mendoza were high profile figures. During the 1970s, the FPL grew progressively left wing in their armed approach. The FPL began to increase their social base, carrying out political and social work between the farmers of the North and Central Zone of El Salvador and between the university students. In 1975, the Bloque Popular Revolucionario (BPR) formed to unite trade unions and the backing of the farmers. In 1979, the organization initiated conversations with other groups armed of left for the unification of the revolutionary forces. These negotiations developed, taking shape with the foundation of the FMLN, on the 10 of October 1980.
During the Civil War of El Salvador, the FPL maintained their bases in the rural departments of Chalatenango
, Cabañas
, Usulután
and the San Vicente Department
. In April 1983 the organization faced a serious internal crisis with the assassination of Mélida Anaya Montes (Commander Ana Maria) in Managua
, Nicaragua
. The Secretary General and leader of the organization, Salvador Cayetano Carpio was accused to have ordered the assassination, but before the investigations into the death continued he committed suicide
. After the events of April 1983, Commander Leonel González was chosen as the new Secretary General of the organization. After the Chapultepec Peace Accords
, the FPL demobilized their military apparatus. By 1995 the internal structure of the organization had dissolved and had completely integrated into the FMLN.
The Fuerzas Populares de Liberación "Farabundo Martí" (FPL) (English
English language
English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...
: Farabundo Martí Liberation People's Forces) was a left wing guerrilla military and political organization in El Salvador
El Salvador
El Salvador or simply Salvador is the smallest and the most densely populated country in Central America. The country's capital city and largest city is San Salvador; Santa Ana and San Miguel are also important cultural and commercial centers in the country and in all of Central America...
. It was the oldest of the five groups who in 1980, merged to form the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN).
History
The origin of the FPL is found with the Partido Comunista Salvadoreño (PCS), which at the end of the 1960s proposed the possibility of armed aggression as the best method to face the military dictatorshipMilitary dictatorship
A military dictatorship is a form of government where in the political power resides with the military. It is similar but not identical to a stratocracy, a state ruled directly by the military....
in El Salvador. The FPL were formed on April 1 of 1970. Amongst the founders, Salvador Cayetano Carpio was considered top leader of the organization, and the leader of the educational union, Mélida Anaya Montes and university professors Clara Elizabeth Ramírez and Felipe Peña Mendoza were high profile figures. During the 1970s, the FPL grew progressively left wing in their armed approach. The FPL began to increase their social base, carrying out political and social work between the farmers of the North and Central Zone of El Salvador and between the university students. In 1975, the Bloque Popular Revolucionario (BPR) formed to unite trade unions and the backing of the farmers. In 1979, the organization initiated conversations with other groups armed of left for the unification of the revolutionary forces. These negotiations developed, taking shape with the foundation of the FMLN, on the 10 of October 1980.
During the Civil War of El Salvador, the FPL maintained their bases in the rural departments of Chalatenango
Chalatenango Department
Chalatenango is a department of El Salvador, located in the northwest of the country. The capital is the city of Chalatenango. The Chalatenango Department encompasses 2,017 km² and contains more than 220,000 inhabitants. Las Matras Archaeological Ruins contains the relics of prehistoric...
, Cabañas
Cabañas Department
Cabañas is a department of El Salvador in the north central part of the country. The capital is Sensuntepeque. Sensuntepeque means 400 hills because around the department there are small hills.One of the coldest regions in El Salvador and Certified place of Tourism , strongly recommended. Cabañas...
, Usulután
Usulután Department
Usulután from the Nawat language is a department of El Salvador in the southeast of the country . The capital is Usulután.It is El Salvador's largest department...
and the San Vicente Department
San Vicente Department
San Vicente is a department of El Salvador in the center of the country. The capital is San Vicente. On October 4, 1834, San Vicente City of Austria and Lorenzana was made the capital of State of El Salvador during the Federal Republic of Central America...
. In April 1983 the organization faced a serious internal crisis with the assassination of Mélida Anaya Montes (Commander Ana Maria) in Managua
Managua
Managua is the capital city of Nicaragua as well as the department and municipality by the same name. It is the largest city in Nicaragua in terms of population and geographic size. Located on the southwestern shore of Lake Xolotlán or Lake Managua, the city was declared the national capital in...
, Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua is the largest country in the Central American American isthmus, bordered by Honduras to the north and Costa Rica to the south. The country is situated between 11 and 14 degrees north of the Equator in the Northern Hemisphere, which places it entirely within the tropics. The Pacific Ocean...
. The Secretary General and leader of the organization, Salvador Cayetano Carpio was accused to have ordered the assassination, but before the investigations into the death continued he committed suicide
Suicide
Suicide is the act of intentionally causing one's own death. Suicide is often committed out of despair or attributed to some underlying mental disorder, such as depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, alcoholism, or drug abuse...
. After the events of April 1983, Commander Leonel González was chosen as the new Secretary General of the organization. After the Chapultepec Peace Accords
Chapultepec Peace Accords
The Chapultepec Peace Accords brought peace to El Salvador in 1992 after more than a decade of wrenching civil war.The treaty was negotiated by representatives of the Salvadoran government, the rebel movement FMLN, and political parties, with observers from the Roman Catholic Church and United...
, the FPL demobilized their military apparatus. By 1995 the internal structure of the organization had dissolved and had completely integrated into the FMLN.