The men's team competition with a free system was an artistic gymnastics

Artistic gymnastics

Artistic gymnastics is a discipline of gymnastics where gymnasts perform short routines on different apparatus, with less time for vaulting . The sport is governed by the Federation Internationale de Gymnastique , which designs the Code of Points and regulates all aspects of international elite...

 event held as part of the Gymnastics at the 1912 Summer Olympics

Gymnastics at the 1912 Summer Olympics

Four gymnastics events were held at the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm, Sweden. Including the display the competitions were held between July 6 and July 15, 1912...

 programme. It was one of three team gymnastics events. The others were a team competition in the Swedish system

Gymnastics at the 1912 Summer Olympics - Men's team, Swedish system

The men's team competition in the Swedish system was an artistic gymnastics event held as part of the Gymnastics at the 1912 Summer Olympics programme. It was the first appearance of the event, which would only be held again at the 1920 Summer Olympics....

 and a standard team competition

Gymnastics at the 1912 Summer Olympics - Men's team

The men's team, European system was an artistic gymnastics event held as part of the Gymnastics at the 1912 Summer Olympics programme. It was one of three team gymnastics events. The others were a team competition in the Swedish system and one in the free system.It was the third appearance of the...

.

It was the first appearance of the event, which would only be held again at the 1920 Summer Olympics

1920 Summer Olympics

The 1920 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the VII Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event in 1920 in Antwerp, Belgium....

. The official name was Team Competition III - with free choice of movements and apparatus. For every nation one team was allowed to participate. One team had to consist of not less than 16 nor more than 40 members. The entry was closed on June 6, 1912. As all other gymnastics competitions the event took place in the Olympiastadion

Stockholms Olympiastadion

Stockholms Olympiastadion, most often called Stockholms Stadion or just Stadion, is a stadium in Stockholm, Sweden. Designed by architect Torben Grut, it was opened in 1912, its original use was as a venue for the 1912 Olympic Games...

.

The competition was held on Wednesday July 10, 1912 in the time from 9:30 a.m. to 12:30 p.m. and from 2:00 p.m. to 4:00 p.m.

Starting order

No.	Team	Time	Team Leader	Outfit
1		9:30 - 10:30	Hermann Kuhr	White jersey with broad, vertical, red field on breast and back; white trousers; yellow shoes.
2		10:30 - 11:30	Johannes Dahl	White gymnastic jersey with short sleeves; white trousers; white belt; white shoes.
3		11:30 - 12:30	H. Mølgaard	White jersey with short sleeves; white trousers; white belt; white shoes.
4		2:00 - 3:00	Arvid Vartia	White jersey with short sleeves; white trousers; black belt; white shoes.
5		3:00 - 4:00	Valentin Peffer	White jersey, with sleeves reaching to elbows; black stockinet pantaloons with white facings.

Judges

Chief Leader: Einar Nerman

No.	Judge	Country
1	J. F. Allum	Norway
2	Abraham Clod-Hansen	Denmark
3	A. E. Syson	United Kingdom
4	Wagner Hohenlobbese	Germany
5	Ivar Wilskman	FIN Grand Duchy of Finland The Grand Duchy of Finland was the predecessor state of modern Finland. It existed 1809–1917 as part of the Russian Empire and was ruled by the Russian czar as Grand Prince.- History :...

Scores are an average of five judges' marks.

Score board

Place	| Nation	|  Clod-Hansen	|  Allum	| Wilskman	|  Syson	|  Wagner	Total score	Average
1		20	24	22	23.25	25	114.25	22.85
2		20	20	23	22.25	24	109.25	21.85
3		23	19	21.5	20.75	22	106.25	21.25
4		18	12	14	16.25	24	84.25	16.85
5		19	15.5	18	17	12	81.50	16.30

Three judges saw the first place for Norway, while one judge gave the first place to Denmark and one to Finland. Germany was placed behind Luxembourg by four judges and only the German judge gave his compatriots more points than Luxembourg - enough to beat the small neighbour, but not enough to win a medal.

Final standings

Place	Nation	Score
1	Isak Abrahamsen Isak Abrahamsen Isak Abrahamsen was a Norwegian gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was part of the Norwegian team, which won the gold medal in the gymnastics men's team, free system event.-External links:*... Hans Beyer Hans Beyer Hans Anthon Beyer was a Norwegian gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was part of the Norwegian team, which won the gold medal in the gymnastics men's team, free system event. He was born in Bergen and died in Mo i Rana, and represented Bergens TF.-References:... Hartmann Bjørnsen Hartmann Bjørnsen Hartmann Alfred Bjørnsen was a Norwegian gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was part of the Norwegian team, which won the gold medal in the gymnastics men's team, free system event.... Alfred Engelsen Alfred Engelsen Alfred Bertran Engelsen was a Norwegian gymnast and diver who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was born in Bergen and died in Tvedestrand.... Bjarne Johnsen Bjarne Johnsen Bjarne Johnsen was a Norwegian gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was part of the Norwegian team, which won the gold medal in the gymnastics men's team, free system event. He was born and died in Bergen, and represented Bergens TF.-References:... Sigurd Jørgensen Sigurd Jørgensen Sigurd Gersdorf Jørgensen was a Norwegian gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was part of the Norwegian team, which won the gold medal in the gymnastics men's team, free system event. He was born and died in Bergen, and represented Bergens TF.-References:... Knud Leonard Knudsen Knud Leonard Knudsen Knud Leonard Knudsen was a Norwegian gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was part of the Norwegian team, which won the gold medal in the gymnastics men's team, free system event. He was born in Ålesund and died in Bergen, and represented Bergens TF.-References:... Alf Lie Alf Lie Alf Lie was a Norwegian gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was part of the Norwegian team, which won the gold medal in the gymnastics men's team, free system event.-External links:*... Rolf Lie Rolf Lie Rolf Lie was a Norwegian gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was part of the Norwegian team, which won the gold medal in the gymnastics men's team, free system event.-External links:*... Tor Lund Tor Lund Tor Lund was a Norwegian gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was part of the Norwegian team, which won the gold medal in the gymnastics men's team, free system event. He was born and died in Bergen, and represented Bergens TF.-References:... Petter Martinsen Petter Martinsen Petter Martinsen was a Norwegian gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was part of the Norwegian team, which won the gold medal in the gymnastics men's team, free system event.-External links:*... Per Mathiesen Per Mathiesen Per Anton Mathiesen was a Norwegian gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was part of the Norwegian team, which won the gold medal in the gymnastics men's team, free system event.-External links:*... Jacob Opdahl Jacob Opdahl Jacob Opdahl was a Norwegian gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics and in the 1920 Summer Olympics.... Nils Opdahl Nils Opdahl Nils Opdahl was a Norwegian gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was part of the Norwegian team, which won the gold medal in the gymnastics men's team, free system event. He was born and died in Bergen, was a brother of Jacob Opdahl, and represented Bergens TF.-References:... Bjarne Pettersen Bjarne Pettersen Bjarne Viktor Pettersen was a Norwegian gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was part of the Norwegian team, which won the gold medal in the gymnastics men's team, free system event.-External links:*... Frithjof Sælen Øistein Schirmer Øistein Schirmer Øistein Schimer was a Norwegian gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was part of the Norwegian team, which won the gold medal in the gymnastics men's team, free system event.-External links:*... Georg Selenius Georg Selenius Georg Selenius was a Norwegian gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was part of the Norwegian team, which won the gold medal in the gymnastics men's team, free system event.-External links:*... Sigvard Sivertsen Sigvard Sivertsen Sigvard I. Sivertsen was a Norwegian gymnast who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics and in the 1912 Summer Olympics.As a member of the Norwegian team, he won a silver medal in the gymnastics team event in 1908... Robert Sjursen Robert Sjursen Robert Sjursen-Rafto was a Norwegian gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was part of the Norwegian team, which won the gold medal in the gymnastics men's team, free system event.-External links:*... Einar Strøm Einar Strøm Einar Strøm was a Norwegian gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was part of the Norwegian team, which won the gold medal in the men's team, free system event.-External links:*... Gabriel Thorstensen Gabriel Thorstensen Gabriel Thorstensen was a Norwegian gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was part of the Norwegian team, which won the gold medal in the gymnastics men's team, free system event.-External links:*... Thomas Thorstensen Thomas Thorstensen Thomas Thorstensen was a Norwegian gymnast who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics and in the 1912 Summer Olympics.As a member of the Norwegian team, he won a silver medal in the gymnastics team event in 1908... Nils Voss Nils Voss Nils Knutsen Voss was a Norwegian gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was part of the Norwegian team, which won the gold medal in the gymnastics men's team, free system event.-External links:*...	22.85
2	Kaarlo Ekholm Kaarlo Ekholm Kaarlo Väinö "Kalle" Ekholm was a Finnish gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was part of the Finnish team, which won the silver medal in the gymnastics men's team, free system event.-External links:*... Eino Forsström Eino Forsström Eino Vilho Forsström was a Finnish gymnast who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics and in the 1912 Summer Olympics.... Eero Hyvärinen Eero Hyvärinen Eero Juho Hyvärinen was a Finnish gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was part of the Finnish team, which won the silver medal in the gymnastics men's team, free system event.-External links:*... Mikko Hyvärinen Mikko Hyvärinen Johannes Mikael "Mikko" Hyvärinen was a Finnish gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was part of the Finnish team, which won the silver medal in the gymnastics men's team, free system event.... Tauno Ilmoniemi Tauno Ilmoniemi Tauno Ilmoniemi was a Finnish gymnast and diver who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was born in Kuopion maalaiskunta, Northern Savonia and died in Oulu.... Ilmari Keinänen Ilmari Keinänen Ilmari Keinänen was a Finnish gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was part of the Finnish team, which won the silver medal in the gymnastics men's team, free system event.-External links:*... Jalmari Kivenheimo Jalmari Kivenheimo Viktor Jalmar "Jalmari" Kivenheimo was a Finnish gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.... Karl Lund Karl Lund Karl Fredrik Leonard Lund was a Finnish gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was part of the Finnish team, which won the silver medal in the gymnastics men's team, free system event.-External links:*... Aarne Pelkonen Aarne Pelkonen Aarne Eliel Tellervo Pelkonen was a Finnish gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was part of the Finnish team, which won the silver medal in the gymnastics men's team, free system event.... Ilmari Pernaja Ilmari Pernaja Kustaa Ilmari Pernaja was a Finnish gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was part of the Finnish team, which won the silver medal in the gymnastics men's team, free system event.-External links:*... Arvid Rydman Arvid Rydman Arvid Rydman was a Finnish gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was part of the Finnish team, which won the silver medal in the gymnastics men's team, free system event.-External links:*... Eino Saastamoinen Eino Saastamoinen Kaarlo Eino Saastamoinen was a Finnish gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He was part of the Finnish team, which won the silver medal in the gymnastics men's team, free system event.-External links:*... Aarne Salovaara Aarne Salovaara Aarne Salovaara was a Finnish gymnast and track and field athlete who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics and in the 1912 Summer Olympics.... Heikki Sammallahti Heikki Sammallahti Heikki Albert Sammallahti was a Finnish gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was part of the Finnish team, which won the silver medal in the gymnastics men's team, free system event.... Hannes Sirola Hannes Sirola Hannes Juho Rikhard Sirola was a Finnish gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was part of the Finnish team, which won the silver medal in the gymnastics men's team, free system event.-External links:... Klaus Suomela Klaus Suomela Klaus Uuno Suomela was a Finnish gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was part of the Finnish team, which won the silver medal in the gymnastics men's team, free system event.-External links:*... Lauri Tanner Lauri Tanner Lauri Arvo Tanner was a Finnish gymnast and amateur football player who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.... Väinö Tiiri Väinö Tiiri Väinö Edward Tiiri was a Finnish gymnast who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics and in the 1912 Summer Olympics.... Kaarlo Vähämäki Kaarlo Vähämäki Karl Gustaf "Kaarlo" Vähämäki was a Finnish gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was part of the Finnish team, which won the silver medal in the gymnastics men's team, free system event.-External links:*... Kaarlo Vasama Kaarlo Vasama Kaarlo Hjalmar Vasama was a Finnish gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was part of the Finnish team, which won the silver medal in the gymnastics men's team, free system event.-External links:...	21.85
3	Axel Andersen Axel Andersen Axel Sigurd Andersen was a Danish gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was part of the Danish team, which won the bronze medal in the gymnastics men's team, free system event. In the individual all-around competition he finished 33rd.-External links:*... Hjalmart Andersen Hjalmart Andersen Hjalmart Nørregaard Andersen was a Danish gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was part of the Danish team, which won the bronze medal in the gymnastics men's team, free system event.-External links:... Halvor Birch Halvor Birch Halvor Birch was a Danish gymnast who competed in the 1906 Summer Olympics and in the 1912 Summer Olympics.... Wilhelm Grimmelmann Wilhelm Grimmelmann Hermann Johann Wilhelm Grimmelmann was a Danish gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was part of the Danish team, which won the bronze medal in the gymnastics men's team, free system event in 1912.... Arvor Hansen Arvor Hansen Arvor Hansen was a Danish gymnast who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics and in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was part of the Danish team, which finished fourth in the gymnastics team event in 1908.... Christian Hansen Marius Hansen Charles Jensen Hjalmar Peter Johansen Hjalmar Peter Johansen Hjalmar Peter Martin Johansen was a Danish gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was part of the Danish team, which won the bronze medal in the gymnastics men's team, free system event in 1912.... Poul Jørgensen Poul Jørgensen Poul Preben Jørgensen was a Danish gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was part of the Danish team, which won the bronze medal in the gymnastics men's team, free system event.-External links:*... Carl Krebs Carl Krebs Carl Immanuel Krebs was a Danish gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He was part of the Danish team that won the bronze medal in the men's free system team gymnastics event.-External links:*... Vigo Madsen Vigo Madsen Vigo Meulengracht Madsen was a Danish gymnast who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics and in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was part of the Danish team, which finished fourth in the gymnastics team event in 1908.... Lukas Nielsen Lukas Nielsen Lukas Fredrik Christian Nielsen was a Danish gymnast who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics, in the 1912 Summer Olympics and perhaps also in the 1920 Summer Olympics.... Rikard Nordstrøm Rikard Nordstrøm Rikard Hannibal Wilhelm Nordstrøm was a Danish gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was part of the Danish team, which won the bronze medal in the gymnastics men's team, free system event.... Steen Olsen Steen Olsen Steen Lerche Olsen was a Danish gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics and in the 1920 Summer Olympics.... Oluf Olsson Oluf Olsson Oluf Olsson was a Danish gymnast who competed in the 1906 Summer Olympics, in the 1908 Summer Olympics, and in the 1912 Summer Olympics.... Carl Pedersen Oluf Pedersen Niels Petersen Christian Svendsen Christian Svendsen Christian Valdemar Svendsen was a Danish gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was part of the Danish team, which won the bronze medal in the gymnastics men's team, free system event.-External links:*...	21.25
4	Wilhelm Brülle Wilhelm Brülle Wilhelm Brülle was a German gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was born in Lippstadt.... Johannes Buder Johannes Buder Johannes Erwin Buder was a German gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.In 1912 he was a member of the German team which finished fourth in the team, free system competition and fifth in the team, European system event.-External links:*... Walter Engelmann Walter Engelmann Walter Otto Engelmann was a German gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was born in Rußdorf.... Arno Glockauer Arno Glockauer Arno Glockauer was a German gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was born in Leipzig.... Walter Jesinghaus Walter Jesinghaus Walter Jesinghaus was a German gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was born in Düsseldorf.... Karl Jordan Karl Jordan (gymnast) Karl Jordan was a German gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was born in Papstdorf, Saxony.In 1912 he was a member of the German team which finished fourth in the team, free system competition and fifth in the team, European system event.-External links:*... Rudolf Körner Rudolf Körner Rudolf Körner was a German gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was born in Leipzig.... Heinrich Pahner Heinrich Pahner Heinrich Pahner was a German gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was born in Leipzig.... Kurt Reichenbach Kurt Reichenbach Kurt Reichenbach was a German gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was born in Leipzig.... Johannes Reuschle Johannes Reuschle Johannes Reuschle was a German gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was born in Schönfeld, Saxony.... Karl Richter Karl Richter (gymnast) Karl Walter Richter was a German gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was born in Leipzig.... Hans Roth Adolf Seebaß Adolf Seebaß Adolf Seebaß was a German gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.In 1912 he was a member of the German team which finished fourth in the team, free system competition and fifth in the team, European system event.-External links:*... Eberhard Sorge Eberhard Sorge Hans Eberhard Sorge was a German gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was born in Braunlage.... Alexander Sperling Alexander Sperling Alexander Sperling was a German gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was born in Leipzig.... Alfred Staats Alfred Staats Alfred Staats was a German gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was born in Hondelage.... Hans Werner Hans Werner Hans Werner was a German gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was born in Leipzig.... Martin Worm Martin Worm Martin Erich Worm was a German gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was born in Dresden....	16.85
5	Nicolas Adam Nicolas Adam Nicolas "Nic" Dominique Adam was a Luxembourgian gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.... Charles Behm Charles Behm Charles Behm was a Luxembourgian gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.In 1912 he was a member of the Luxembourgian team which finished fourth in the team, European system competition and fifth in the team, free system event.-External links:*... André Bordang André Bordang André Bordang was a Luxembourgian gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.In 1912 he was a member of the Luxembourgian team which finished fourth in the team, European system competition and fifth in the team, free system event.-External links:*... Jean-Pierre Frantzen Jean-Pierre Frantzen Jean-Pierre Frantzen was a Luxembourgian gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was born in Luxembourg City.... Michel Hemmerling Michel Hemmerling Michel Hemmerling was a Luxembourgian gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.In 1912 he was a member of the Luxembourgian team which finished fourth in the team, European system competition and fifth in the team, free system event.-External links:*... François Hentges François Hentges François Hentges was a Luxembourgian gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was born in Bonnevoie.... Pierre Hentges Pierre Hentges Pierre Hentges was a Luxembourgian gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.In 1912 he was a member of the Luxembourgian team which finished fourth in the team, European system competition and fifth in the team, free system event. In the individual all-around he finished 18th.-External... Jean-Baptiste Horn Jean-Baptiste Horn Jean-Baptiste Horn was a Luxembourgian gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.In 1912 he was a member of the Luxembourgian team which finished fourth in the team, European system competition and fifth in the team, free system event.-External links:* *... Nicolas Kanivé Nicolas Kanivé Nicolas Kanivé was a Luxembourgian gymnast and athlete who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics and in the 1920 Summer Olympics.... Émile Knepper Émile Knepper Émile Knepper was a Luxembourgian gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was born in Bettembourg.In 1912 he was a member of the Luxembourgian team which finished fifth in the team, free system event.... Nicolas Kummer Nicolas Kummer Nicolas "Nic" Kummer was a Luxembourgian gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.In 1912 he was a member of the Luxembourgian team which finished fourth in the team, European system competition and fifth in the team, free system event.-External links:* *... Marcel Langsam Marcel Langsam Marcel Langsam Marcel Langsam Marcel Langsam (born October 26, 1891, death November 21, 1979, was a Luxembourgian gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.In 1912 he was a member of the Luxembourgian team which finished fourth in the team, European system competition and fifth in the team,... Emile Lanners Emile Lanners Emile Lanners was a Luxembourgian gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.In 1912 he was a member of the Luxembourgian team which finished fourth in the team, European system competition and fifth in the team, free system event. In the individual all-around he finished 24th.-External... Maurice Palgen Maurice Palgen Maurice Palgen was a Luxembourgian gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He was born in Luxembourg City. In 1912 he was a member of the Luxembourgian team which finished fifth in the team, free system event.... Jean-Pierre Thommes Jean-Pierre Thommes Jean-Pierre Thommes was a Luxembourgian gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.In 1912 he was a member of the Luxembourgian team which finished fourth in the team, European system competition and fifth in the team, free system event. In the individual all-around he finished... François Wagner François Wagner François Wagner was a Luxembourgian gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.In 1912 he was a member of the Luxembourgian team which finished fourth in the team, European system competition and fifth in the team, free system event.-External links:*... Antoine Wehrer Antoine Wehrer Antoine Wehrer was a Luxembourgian gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.In 1912 he was a member of the Luxembourgian team which finished fourth in the team, European system competition and fifth in the team, free system event.-External links:*... Ferd Wirtz Ferd Wirtz Ferdinand "Ferd" Wirtz was a Luxembourgian gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was born in Luxembourg City.... Joseph Zuang Joseph Zuang Joseph "Jos" Zuang was a Luxembourgian gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.In 1912 he was a member of the Luxembourgian team which finished fourth in the team, European system competition and fifth in the team, free system event.-External links:*...	16.30